tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-73065870350432140142024-03-05T07:15:23.500-08:00Intan Andhika FIntan Andhikahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04468021386331397875noreply@blogger.comBlogger17125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7306587035043214014.post-18525300852417637402012-02-17T00:33:00.001-08:002012-03-07T11:53:24.611-08:00Biografi Jim Supangkat<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 36pt;">Jim Supangkat</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 36pt;"></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUJ5T1M9tgy7UCma-R68xdFEA1C6WaW1Mn61iH5MsbMDQDY7-GmL78UfOgyibSMBuNPu0J625X48tULxGr8OdKvV7ZrSOSQQv4OyXR9iR2kizNKp7d2I4Ed_z8ZfxktZjNS3qi6oh9lKAS/s1600/jim+supangkat.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUJ5T1M9tgy7UCma-R68xdFEA1C6WaW1Mn61iH5MsbMDQDY7-GmL78UfOgyibSMBuNPu0J625X48tULxGr8OdKvV7ZrSOSQQv4OyXR9iR2kizNKp7d2I4Ed_z8ZfxktZjNS3qi6oh9lKAS/s1600/jim+supangkat.jpeg" /></a></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 36pt;"><br />
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</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20pt;">Jim Supangkat</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">lahir di </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Makassar, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">2 Mei </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">1949</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">. Ia </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">adalah </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">sosok </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">pematung Indonesia, kritikus seni dan kurator. Ia menghabiskan seni rupa Indonesia di peta internasional, yang pada waktu itu di luar negeri hampir tidak ada ketenaran. Ia mendirikan beberapa forum Asia Tenggara seni daerah.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 22pt;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 22pt;">Karir</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Supangkat dipelajari dari 1970 ke fakultas seni rupa dan desain dari Institut Teknologi Bandung. Di sini ia belajar di bawah estetika lebih dengan Dick Hartoko. Ia lulus di sana pada tahun 1975.<br />
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</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Supangkat awalnya memulai karirnya sebagai pematung dan mendirikan tahun yang sama, pada tahun 1975, Gerakan Seni Rupa Baru (Indonesia Baru Gerakan Seni Rupa) di. Gerakan seni, ia mengumumkan kursus baru untuk seni di Indonesia dengan pencitraan Soekarno undervalued tahu. Gerakan ini menyebabkan perdebatan, tahun independen teoritis tentang seni dan saat ini dianggap sebagai awal dari kritik seni modern di Indonesia.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /> <br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Tahun perdebatan dengan membawa kesadaran akan kebutuhan conservatorship profesional di Indonesia. Pada tahun 1992 ia memutuskan pekerjaannya sebagai pembicara dan artis untuk menyerang dan untuk mengatur pameran. Antara 1992 dan 2000 ia menyelenggarakan berbagai pameran seni kontemporer di Asia, termasuk:<br />
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</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">1995</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">: Seni Kontemporer Non-Blok Negara<br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">2003</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">: CP Biennale Saya<br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">2005</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">: CP Biennale II<br />
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</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Dia juga terorganisir dan dikuratori pameran di San Francisco (1991), Amsterdam (Old Church, 1993), Johannesburg (1995) dan Brisbane (1996)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
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</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Ia juga menulis beberapa buku dan beberapa esai dan publikasi lainnya bahwa seni Asia dan khususnya di Indonesia di peta dunia. Ini dia membantu bagi banyak seniman di Indonesia. Pada tahun 1997 ia diganjar dengan Penghargaan Prince Claus.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Beberapa buku yang di tulis Jim Supangkat :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">• Provocative Bodies: Interpreting the Works of Mochtar Apin, 1990–1993 (2005)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">• Ikatan Silang Budaya: Seni Serat Biranul Anas (2006, ditulis bersama Rizki Akhmad Zaelani)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
• Qi Zhilong 1992–2009 (2009, bersama Li Xianting long)<br />
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"></span><br />
<a name='more'></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /> <br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ini adalah karya Seni lukisan yang di buat oleh Jim Supangkat</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxc9BinV01h2odgW7Zg6iRDkBzJntFfpJtLDUDKcw7kUz4Y8jEx6X5myoH__jTT9URQ7nYRteFGRIa8Nh6dl3Rud5FqUtUZHCM4-VQAVY-z_j9sP5xmiudS64M62zWa4T_ZkxcggP9kibm/s1600/h.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxc9BinV01h2odgW7Zg6iRDkBzJntFfpJtLDUDKcw7kUz4Y8jEx6X5myoH__jTT9URQ7nYRteFGRIa8Nh6dl3Rud5FqUtUZHCM4-VQAVY-z_j9sP5xmiudS64M62zWa4T_ZkxcggP9kibm/s1600/h.jpeg" /></a></div><br />
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</div>Intan Andhikahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04468021386331397875noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7306587035043214014.post-64455033697318919102012-02-11T19:02:00.002-08:002012-03-07T11:54:11.233-08:00PIDATO TENTANG ROKOK<link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CAdminPC%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><style>
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<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Yth. Ibu Saudah selaku penguji ujian praktek<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Dan semua teman-teman yang saya cintai<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Assalamualaikum wr.wb</span><o:p style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Untuk mengawali acara ini, mari kita panjatkan puji syukur kepada Allah SWT yang telah melimpahkan rezeki dan hidayah-Nya kepada kita, sehingga kita dapat berkumpul di acara ini dengan keadaan sehat dan tanpa kurang apapun. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"></span><br />
<a name='more'></a><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> Teman-teman, jumlah pencandu rokok di Indonesia semakin hari semakin bertambah. Kini pecandu rokok tidak hanya orang dewasa melainkan anak kecil atau remaja. Mungkin dikarenakan pengaruh dari lingkungan rumah, teman sebaya yang perokok atau karna kurangnya pengawasan dari orang tua. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> Sedikit pengertian tentang rokok dari saya, rokok berasal dari tanaman tembakau yang memiliki 400 lebih zat kimia dan diantaranya 40 zat kimia berbahaya. Salah satunya adalah <b>Nikotin</b> yang bersifat stimulant dengan efek menghilangkan rasa lapar, letih dan mengantuk. Walaupun begitu zat nikotin dapat menyebabkan penyakit berbahaya seperti kanker hati, lemah otot dan syaraf, kerusakan otot jantung dan masih banyak yang lain. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> Dengan demikian teman-teman. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> Jangan pernah sekali-kali mencoba rokok & jika sudah terlanjur menjadi perokok aktif maka hentikanlah sejak sekarang sebelum rokok yang menghentikan denyut nadi teman-teman semua.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> Demikian yang hanya dapat saya sampaikan tentang rokok dan bila ada kesalahan kata-kata dari saya mohon dimaafkan. Terimakasih atas perhatiannya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> Wassalamualaikum wr.wb</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>Intan Andhikahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04468021386331397875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7306587035043214014.post-48405646412516366532012-01-11T01:10:00.001-08:002012-03-07T11:57:02.166-08:00Profil Indonesia<div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;"><b>Republik Indonesia</b> disingkat <b>RI</b> atau <b>Indonesia</b> adalah negara di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Tenggara" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Asia Tenggara">Asia Tenggara</a>, yang dilintasi garis <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khatulistiwa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Khatulistiwa">khatulistiwa</a> dan berada di antara benua <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Asia">Asia</a>dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Australia">Australia</a> serta antara <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samudra_Pasifik" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Samudra Pasifik">Samudra Pasifik</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samudra_Hindia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Samudra Hindia">Samudra Hindia</a>. Indonesia adalah negara <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepulauan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kepulauan">kepulauan</a> terbesar di dunia yang terdiri dari 13.487 pulau <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[5]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-5" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[6]</a></sup>, oleh karena itu ia disebut juga sebagai <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusantara" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nusantara">Nusantara</a> ("pulau luar", di samping Jawa yang dianggap pusat).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Kroef_6-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-Kroef-6" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[7]</a></sup> Dengan populasi sebesar 222 juta jiwa pada tahun 2006,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_7-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-autogenerated1-7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[8]</a></sup> Indonesia adalah negara berpenduduk terbesar keempat di dunia dan negara yang berpenduduk <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> terbesar di dunia, meskipun secara resmi bukanlah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Islam" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Republik Islam">negara Islam</a>. Bentuk pemerintahan Indonesia adalah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Republik">republik</a>, dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewan_Perwakilan_Rakyat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat">Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewan_Perwakilan_Daerah" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Dewan Perwakilan Daerah">Dewan Perwakilan Daerah</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presiden_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Presiden Indonesia">Presiden</a> yang dipilih langsung. Ibukota negara ialah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daerah_Khusus_Ibukota_Jakarta" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta">Jakarta</a>. Indonesia berbatasan dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> di <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Kalimantan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pulau Kalimantan">Pulau Kalimantan</a>, dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Nugini" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Papua Nugini">Papua Nugini</a> di <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Papua" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pulau Papua">Pulau Papua</a> dan dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor_Leste" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Timor Leste">Timor Leste</a> di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Timor" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pulau Timor">Pulau Timor</a>. Negara tetangga lainnya adalah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapura" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Singapura">Singapura</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipina" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Filipina">Filipina</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Australia">Australia</a>, dan wilayah persatuan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepulauan_Andaman_dan_Nikobar" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kepulauan Andaman dan Nikobar">Kepulauan Andaman dan Nikobar</a> di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="India">India</a>.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Sejarah Indonesia banyak dipengaruhi oleh bangsa lainnya. Kepulauan Indonesia menjadi wilayah perdagangan penting setidaknya sejak abad ke-7, yaitu ketika <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajaan_Sriwijaya" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kerajaan Sriwijaya">Kerajaan Sriwijaya</a> di <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palembang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Palembang">Palembang</a> menjalin hubungan agama dan perdagangan dengan Tiongkok dan India. Kerajaan-kerajaan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> dan<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddha" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Buddha">Buddha</a> telah tumbuh pada awal abad Masehi, diikuti para pedagang yang membawa agama <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Islam">Islam</a>, serta berbagai kekuatan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eropa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Eropa">Eropa</a> yang saling bertempur untuk memonopoli perdagangan rempah-rempah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maluku" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Maluku">Maluku</a> semasa era penjelajahan samudra. Setelah berada di bawah <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masa_penjajahan_Belanda" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Masa penjajahan Belanda">penjajahan Belanda</a>, Indonesia yang saat itu bernama <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindia_Belanda" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Hindia Belanda">Hindia Belanda</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proklamasi_Kemerdekaan_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia">menyatakan kemerdekaannya</a> di akhir <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Perang Dunia II">Perang Dunia II</a>. Selanjutnya Indonesia mendapat berbagai hambatan, ancaman dan tantangan dari bencana alam, korupsi, separatisme, proses demokratisasi dan periode perubahan ekonomi yang pesat.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Dari <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sabang">Sabang</a> sampai <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merauke" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Merauke">Merauke</a>, Indonesia terdiri dari berbagai suku, bahasa dan agama yang berbeda. <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Jawa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Suku Jawa">Suku Jawa</a> adalah grup etnis terbesar dan secara politis paling dominan. Semboyan nasional Indonesia, <i>"<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhinneka_Tunggal_Ika" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bhinneka Tunggal Ika">Bhinneka tunggal ika</a>"</i> ("Berbeda-beda tetapi tetap satu"), berarti keberagaman yang membentuk negara. Selain memiliki populasi padat dan wilayah yang luas, Indonesia memiliki wilayah alam yang mendukung tingkat<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keanekaragaman_hayati" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Keanekaragaman hayati">keanekaragaman hayati</a> terbesar kedua di dunia.</div><table class="toc" id="toc" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px;"><tbody>
<tr><td><div id="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; display: inline; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: auto;">Daftar isi</h2> <span class="toctoggle" style="font-size: 11px;"> [<a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#" id="togglelink" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">sembunyikan</a>] </span></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#Etimologi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Etimologi</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#Sejarah" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Sejarah</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#Politik_dan_pemerintahan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Politik dan pemerintahan</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#Pembagian_administratif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Pembagian administratif</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#Geografi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Geografi</span></a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#Sumber_daya_alam" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Sumber daya alam</span></a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#Pendidikan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Pendidikan</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#Ekonomi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Ekonomi</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#Peringkat_internasional" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Peringkat internasional</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#Demografi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Demografi</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#Kebudayaan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Kebudayaan</span></a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#Pertunjukan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">10.1</span> <span class="toctext">Pertunjukan</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#Busana" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">10.2</span> <span class="toctext">Busana</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#Arsitektur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">10.3</span> <span class="toctext">Arsitektur</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#Olahraga" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">10.4</span> <span class="toctext">Olahraga</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#Seni_musik" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">10.5</span> <span class="toctext">Seni musik</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#Boga" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">10.6</span> <span class="toctext">Boga</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#Perfilman" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">10.7</span> <span class="toctext">Perfilman</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#Kesusastraan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">10.8</span> <span class="toctext">Kesusastraan</span></a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#Lingkungan_hidup" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Lingkungan hidup</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#Lihat_Pula" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Lihat Pula</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#Rujukan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">Rujukan</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#Pranala_luar" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">Pranala luar</span></a></li>
</ul></td></tr>
</tbody></table><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indonesia&action=edit&section=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Etimologi">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Etimologi">Etimologi</span></h2><div class="dablink noprint" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 2em;">Lihat pula: <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah_nama_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sejarah nama Indonesia">Sejarah nama Indonesia</a><br />
<br />
<a name='more'></a> </div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Kata "Indonesia" berasal dari kata dalam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bahasa Latin">bahasa Latin</a> yaitu <i>Indus</i> yang berarti "Hindia" dan kata dalam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bahasa Yunani">bahasa Yunani</a> <i>nesos</i> yang berarti "pulau".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-EcoSeas1_8-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-EcoSeas1-8" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[9]</a></sup>Jadi, kata Indonesia berarti <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilayah" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wilayah">wilayah</a> Hindia kepulauan, atau kepulauan yang berada di Hindia, yang menunjukkan bahwa nama ini terbentuk jauh sebelum Indonesia menjadi negara berdaulat.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-indoety_9-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-indoety-9" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[10]</a></sup> Pada tahun 1850, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Earl" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="George Earl">George Earl</a>, seorang <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnologi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Etnologi">etnolog</a> berkebangsaan Inggris, awalnya mengusulkan istilah<i>Indunesia</i> dan <i>Malayunesia</i> untuk penduduk "Kepulauan Hindia atau Kepulauan Melayu".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JIAEA_1_10-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-JIAEA_1-10" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[11]</a></sup> Murid dari Earl, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Richardson_Logan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="James Richardson Logan">James Richardson Logan</a>, menggunakan kata <i>Indonesia</i> sebagai sinonim dari <i>Kepulauan India</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JIAEA_3_11-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-JIAEA_3-11" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[12]</a></sup> Namun, penulisan akademik Belanda di media <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindia_Belanda" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Hindia Belanda">Hindia Belanda</a> tidak menggunakan kata<i>Indonesia</i>, tetapi istilah <i>Kepulauan Melayu</i> (<i>Maleische Archipel</i>); <i>Hindia Timur Belanda</i> (<i>Nederlandsch Oost Indië</i>), atau <i>Hindia</i> (<i>Indië</i>); <i>Timur</i> (<i>de Oost</i>); dan bahkan <i>Insulinde</i> (istilah ini diperkenalkan tahun 1860 dalam novel <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Havelaar" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Max Havelaar">Max Havelaar</a></i> (1859), ditulis oleh <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multatuli" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Multatuli">Multatuli</a>, mengenai kritik terhadap kolonialisme Belanda).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Kroef_6-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-Kroef-6" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[7]</a></sup></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Sejak tahun 1900, nama Indonesia menjadi lebih umum pada lingkungan akademik di luar Belanda, dan golongan nasionalis Indonesia menggunakannya untuk ekspresi politik.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Kroef_6-2" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-Kroef-6" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[7]</a></sup> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Bastian" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Adolf Bastian">Adolf Bastian</a> dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Humboldt_Berlin" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Universitas Humboldt Berlin">Universitas Berlin</a> memasyarakatkan nama ini melalui buku <i>Indonesien oder die Inseln des Malayischen Archipels, 1884–1894</i>. Pelajar Indonesia pertama yang menggunakannya ialah <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki_Hajar_Dewantara" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ki Hajar Dewantara">Suwardi Suryaningrat</a> (Ki Hajar Dewantara), yaitu ketika ia mendirikan kantor berita di Belanda yang bernama <i>Indonesisch Pers Bureau</i> pada tahun 1913.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-indoety_9-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-indoety-9" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[10]</a></sup></div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indonesia&action=edit&section=2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Sejarah">Sejarah</span></h2><div class="dablink noprint" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 2em;"><img alt="!" height="20" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/20px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="20" />Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sejarah Indonesia">Sejarah Indonesia</a></div><div class="dablink noprint" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 2em;">Lihat pula: <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah_Nusantara" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sejarah Nusantara">Sejarah Nusantara</a></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Peninggalan fosil-fosil <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_erectus" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Homo erectus">Homo erectus</a></i>, yang oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Antropologi">antropolog</a> juga dijuluki "<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusia_Jawa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Manusia Jawa">Manusia Jawa</a>", menimbulkan dugaan bahwa kepulauan Indonesia telah mulai berpenghuni pada antara dua juta sampai 500.000 tahun yang lalu.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-12" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[13]</a></sup> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austronesia#Asal_usul_bangsa_Austronesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Austronesia">Bangsa Austronesia</a>, yang membentuk mayoritas penduduk pada saat ini, bermigrasi ke Asia Tenggara dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>. Mereka tiba di sekitar 2000 SM, dan menyebabkan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Melanesia">bangsa Melanesia</a> yang telah ada lebih dahulu di sana terdesak ke wilayah-wilayah yang jauh di timur kepulauan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-13" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[14]</a></sup> Kondisi tempat yang ideal bagi pertanian, dan penguasaan atas cara <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawah" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sawah">bercocok tanam padi</a> setidaknya sejak abad ke-8 SM,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-14" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[15]</a></sup> menyebabkan banyak perkampungan, kota, dan kerajaan-kerajaan kecil tumbuh berkembang dengan baik pada abad pertama masehi. Selain itu, Indonesia yang terletak di jalur perdagangan laut internasional dan antar pulau, telah menjadi jalur pelayaran antara India dan Cina selama beberapa abad.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-15" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[16]</a></sup> Sejarah Indonesia selanjutnya mengalami banyak sekali pengaruh dari kegiatan perdagangan tersebut.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-16" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[17]</a></sup></div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: white; clear: right; float: right; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 252px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Borobudur_ship.JPG&filetimestamp=20070512165453" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="172" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Borobudur_ship.JPG/250px-Borobudur_ship.JPG" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="250" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Borobudur_ship.JPG&filetimestamp=20070512165453" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Sejak abad ke-1 kapal dagang Indonesia telah berlayar jauh, bahkan sampai ke <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Afrika">Afrika</a>. Sebuah bagian dari relief kapal di candi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Borobudur">Borobudur</a>, k. 800 M.</div></div></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Di bawah pengaruh agama <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddha" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Buddha">Buddha</a>, beberapa kerajaan terbentuk di pulau <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimantan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kalimantan">Kalimantan</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jawa">Jawa</a> sejak <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ke-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Abad ke-4">abad ke-4</a> hingga <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ke-14" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Abad ke-14">abad ke-14</a>. <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajaan_Kutai" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kerajaan Kutai">Kutai</a>, merupakan kerajaan tertua di Nusantara yang berdiri pada abad ke-4 di hulu <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungai_Mahakam" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sungai Mahakam">sungai Mahakam</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimantan_Timur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kalimantan Timur">Kalimantan Timur</a>. Di wilayah barat pulau Jawa, pada abad ke-4 hingga abad ke-7 M berdiri kerajaan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarumanegara" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tarumanegara">Tarumanegara</a>. Pemerintahan Tarumanagara dilanjutkan oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajaan_Sunda" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kerajaan Sunda">Kerajaan Sunda</a> dari tahun 669 M sampai 1579 M. Pada abad ke-7 muncul kerajaan Malayu yang berpusat di <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jambi_%28kota%29" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jambi (kota)">Jambi</a>, Sumatera. <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sriwijaya" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sriwijaya">Sriwijaya</a> mengalahkan Malayu dan muncul sebagai kerajaan maritim yang paling perkasa di Nusantara. Wilayah kekuasaannya meliputi Sumatera, Jawa, semenanjung Melayu, sekaligus mengontrol perdagangan di Selat Malaka, Selat Sunda, dan Laut Cina Selatan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-17" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[18]</a></sup> Di bawah pengaruh Sriwijaya, antara abad ke-8 dan ke-10 wangsa <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wangsa_Syailendra" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wangsa Syailendra">Syailendra</a> dan<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wangsa_Sanjaya" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wangsa Sanjaya">Sanjaya</a> berhasil mengembangkan kerajaan-kerajaan berbasis agrikultur di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jawa">Jawa</a>, dengan peninggalan bersejarahnya seperti candi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Borobudur">Borobudur</a> dan candi<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prambanan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Prambanan">Prambanan</a>. Di akhir abad ke-13, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majapahit" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Majapahit">Majapahit</a> berdiri di bagian timur pulau Jawa. Di bawah pimpinan mahapatih <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gajah_Mada" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gajah Mada">Gajah Mada</a>, kekuasaannya meluas sampai hampir meliputi wilayah Indonesia kini; dan sering disebut "Zaman Keemasan" dalam sejarah Indonesia.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-18" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[19]</a></sup></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Kedatangan pedagang-pedagang <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangsa_Arab" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bangsa Arab">Arab</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangsa_Persia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bangsa Persia">Persia</a> melalui Gujarat, India, kemudian membawa agama <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Islam">Islam</a>. Selain itu pelaut-pelaut <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiongkok" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tiongkok">Tiongkok</a> yang dipimpin oleh Laksamana <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheng_Ho" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Cheng Ho">Cheng Ho</a> (Zheng He) yang beragama Islam, juga pernah menyinggahi wilayah ini pada awal <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ke-15" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Abad ke-15">abad ke-15</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-19" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[20]</a></sup> Para pedagang-pedagang ini juga menyebarkan agama Islam di beberapa wilayah Nusantara. <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samudera_Pasai" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Samudera Pasai">Samudera Pasai</a> yang berdiri pada tahun 1267, merupakan kerajaan Islam pertama di Indonesia.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Ketika orang-orang <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eropa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Eropa">Eropa</a> datang pada awal <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ke-16" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Abad ke-16">abad ke-16</a>, mereka menemukan beberapa kerajaan yang dengan mudah dapat mereka kuasai demi mendominasi perdagangan rempah-rempah. Portugis pertama kali mendarat di dua pelabuhan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajaan_Sunda" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kerajaan Sunda">Kerajaan Sunda</a> yaitu <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banten" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Banten">Banten</a> dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padrao_Sunda_Kalapa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Padrao Sunda Kalapa">Sunda Kelapa</a>, tapi dapat diusir dan bergerak ke arah timur dan menguasai <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maluku" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Maluku">Maluku</a>. Pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ke-17" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Abad ke-17">abad ke-17</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belanda" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Belanda">Belanda</a> muncul sebagai yang terkuat di antara negara-negara Eropa lainnya, mengalahkan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britania_Raya" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Britania Raya">Britania Raya</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> (kecuali untuk koloni mereka, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor_Portugis" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Timor Portugis">Timor Portugis</a>). Pada masa itulah agama <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristen" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kristen">Kristen</a> masuk ke Indonesia sebagai salah satu misi imperialisme lama yang dikenal sebagai <i>3G</i>, yaitu <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_Penemuan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Abad Penemuan">Gold, Glory, and Gospel</a></i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-20" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[21]</a></sup> Belanda menguasai Indonesia sebagai koloni hingga <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Perang Dunia II">Perang Dunia II</a>, awalnya melalui <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/VOC" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="VOC">VOC</a>, dan kemudian langsung oleh pemerintah Belanda sejak awal abad ke-19.</div><div class="thumb tleft" style="background-color: white; clear: left; float: left; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 1.4em; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 252px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Raden_Sarief_Bastaman_Saleh_-_Johannes_Graaf_van_den_Bosch.jpg&filetimestamp=20071015233618" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="299" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Raden_Sarief_Bastaman_Saleh_-_Johannes_Graaf_van_den_Bosch.jpg/250px-Raden_Sarief_Bastaman_Saleh_-_Johannes_Graaf_van_den_Bosch.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="250" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Raden_Sarief_Bastaman_Saleh_-_Johannes_Graaf_van_den_Bosch.jpg&filetimestamp=20071015233618" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_van_den_Bosch" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Johannes van den Bosch">Johannes van den Bosch</a>, pencetus<i>Cultuurstelsel</i>.</div></div></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Di bawah sistem <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultuurstelsel" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Cultuurstelsel">Cultuurstelsel</a></i> (<i>Sistem Penanaman</i>) pada abad ke-19, perkebunan besar dan penanaman paksa dilaksanakan di Jawa, akhirnya menghasilkan keuntungan bagi Belanda yang tidak dapat dihasilkan VOC. Pada masa pemerintahan kolonial yang lebih bebas setelah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1870">1870</a>, sistem ini dihapus. Setelah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1901" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1901">1901</a> pihak Belanda memperkenalkan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politik_Etis" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Politik Etis">Kebijakan Beretika</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-21" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-21" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[22]</a></sup> yang termasuk reformasi politik yang terbatas dan investasi yang lebih besar di Hindia-Belanda.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Pada masa Perang Dunia II, sewaktu Belanda dijajah oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerman" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jerman">Jerman</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jepang">Jepang</a> menguasai Indonesia. Setelah mendapatkan Indonesia pada tahun 1942, Jepang melihat bahwa para pejuang Indonesia merupakan rekan perdagangan yang kooperatif dan bersedia mengerahkan prajurit bila diperlukan.<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Soekarno">Soekarno</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatta" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Hatta">Mohammad Hatta</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mas_Mansur,_Kiai_Haji" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mas Mansur, Kiai Haji">KH. Mas Mansur</a>, dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki_Hajar_Dewantara" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ki Hajar Dewantara">Ki Hajar Dewantara</a> diberikan penghargaan oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirohito" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Hirohito">Kaisar Jepang</a> pada tahun 1943.</div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: white; clear: right; float: right; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 252px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Presiden_Sukarno.jpg&filetimestamp=20100321200402" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="357" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Presiden_Sukarno.jpg/250px-Presiden_Sukarno.jpg.png" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="250" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Presiden_Sukarno.jpg&filetimestamp=20100321200402" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Soekarno">Soekarno</a>, presiden pertama Indonesia.</div></div></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Pada Maret <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1945" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1945">1945</a> Jepang membentuk sebuah komite untuk kemerdekaan Indonesia. Setelah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Pasifik" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Perang Pasifik">perang Pasifik</a> berakhir pada tahun 1945, di bawah tekanan organisasi pemuda, Soekarno-Hatta memproklamasikan kemerdekaan Indonesia pada tanggal <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/17_Agustus" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="17 Agustus">17 Agustus</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1945" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1945">1945</a>. Setelah kemerdekaan, tiga pendiri bangsa yakni <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Soekarno">Soekarno</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mohammad Hatta">Mohammad Hatta</a>, dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutan_Sjahrir" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sutan Sjahrir">Sutan Sjahrir</a> masing-masing menjabat sebagai presiden, wakil presiden, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perdana_menteri" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Perdana menteri">perdana menteri</a>. Dalam usaha untuk menguasai kembali Indonesia, Belanda mengirimkan pasukan mereka.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Usaha-usaha berdarah untuk meredam pergerakan kemerdekaan ini kemudian dikenal oleh orang Belanda sebagai 'aksi kepolisian' (<i>Politionele Actie</i>), atau dikenal oleh orang Indonesia sebagai Agresi Militer.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-22" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-22" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[23]</a></sup> Belanda akhirnya menerima hak Indonesia untuk merdeka pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/27_Desember" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="27 Desember">27 Desember</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1949" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1949">1949</a> sebagai negara <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Federal">federal</a> yang disebut <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Indonesia_Serikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Republik Indonesia Serikat">Republik Indonesia Serikat</a> setelah mendapat tekanan yang kuat dari kalangan internasional, terutama <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a>. Mosi Integral <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natsir" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Natsir">Natsir</a> pada tanggal 17 Agustus 1950, menyerukan kembalinya negara kesatuan Republik Indonesia dan membubarkan Republik Indonesia Serikat. Soekarno kembali menjadi presiden dengan Mohammad Hatta sebagai wakil presiden dan Mohammad Natsir sebagai perdana menteri.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Pada tahun 1950-an dan 1960-an, pemerintahan Soekarno mulai mengikuti sekaligus merintis <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerakan_non-blok" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gerakan non-blok">gerakan non-blok</a> pada awalnya, kemudian menjadi lebih dekat dengan blok <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosialisme" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sosialisme">sosialis</a>, misalnya <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Cina" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Republik Rakyat Cina">Republik Rakyat Cina</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yugoslavia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>. Tahun 1960-an menjadi saksi terjadinya konfrontasi militer terhadap negara tetangga, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> ("<i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konfrontasi_Indonesia-Malaysia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Konfrontasi Indonesia-Malaysia">Konfrontasi</a></i>"),<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-23" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-23" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[24]</a></sup> dan ketidakpuasan terhadap kesulitan ekonomi yang semakin besar. Selanjutnya pada tahun 1965 meletus kejadian <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/G30S" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="G30S">G30S</a> yang menyebabkan kematian 6 orang <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenderal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jenderal">jenderal</a> dan sejumlah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perwira" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Perwira">perwira</a> menengah lainnya. Muncul kekuatan baru yang menyebut dirinya<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orde_Baru" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Orde Baru">Orde Baru</a> yang segera menuduh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partai_Komunis_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Partai Komunis Indonesia">Partai Komunis Indonesia</a> sebagai otak di belakang kejadian ini dan bermaksud menggulingkan pemerintahan yang sah serta mengganti ideologi nasional menjadi berdasarkan paham <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosialisme" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sosialisme">sosialis</a>-<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunisme" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Komunisme">komunis</a>. Tuduhan ini sekaligus dijadikan alasan untuk menggantikan pemerintahan lama di bawah Presiden <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Soekarno">Soekarno</a>.</div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: white; clear: right; float: right; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 252px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Soekarno,_Hatta,_Sjahrir.jpg&filetimestamp=20091116031224" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="185" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/6/6a/Soekarno%2C_Hatta%2C_Sjahrir.jpg/250px-Soekarno%2C_Hatta%2C_Sjahrir.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="250" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Soekarno,_Hatta,_Sjahrir.jpg&filetimestamp=20091116031224" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatta" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Hatta">Hatta</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukarno" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a>, dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjahrir" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sjahrir">Sjahrir</a>, tiga pendiri Indonesia.</div></div></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Jenderal <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soeharto" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Soeharto">Soeharto</a> menjadi presiden pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1967">1967</a> dengan alasan untuk mengamankan negara dari ancaman <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunisme" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Komunisme">komunisme</a>. Sementara itu kondisi fisik Soekarno sendiri semakin melemah. Setelah Soeharto berkuasa, ratusan ribu warga Indonesia yang dicurigai terlibat pihak komunis dibunuh, sementara masih banyak lagi warga Indonesia yang sedang berada di luar negeri, tidak berani kembali ke tanah air, dan akhirnya dicabut <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kewarganegaraan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kewarganegaraan">kewarganegaraannya</a>. Tiga puluh dua tahun masa kekuasaan Soeharto dinamakan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orde_Baru" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Orde Baru">Orde Baru</a>, sementara masa pemerintahan Soekarno disebut <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orde_Lama" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Orde Lama">Orde Lama</a>.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Soeharto menerapkan ekonomi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoliberalisme" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Neoliberalisme">neoliberal</a> dan berhasil mendatangkan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investasi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Investasi">investasi</a> luar negeri yang besar untuk masuk ke Indonesia dan menghasilkan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang besar, meski tidak merata. Pada awal <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rezim" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Rezim">rezim</a> Orde Baru kebijakan ekomomi Indonesia disusun oleh sekelompok ekonom lulusan Departemen Ekonomi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_California,_Berkeley" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Universitas California, Berkeley">Universitas California, Berkeley</a>, yang dipanggil "<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafia_Berkeley" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mafia Berkeley">Mafia Berkeley</a>".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-24" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-24" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[25]</a></sup> Namun, Soeharto menambah kekayaannya dan keluarganya melalui praktik <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korupsi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Korupsi">korupsi</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolusi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kolusi">kolusi</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotisme" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nepotisme">nepotisme</a> yang meluas dan dia akhirnya dipaksa turun dari jabatannya setelah aksi <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demonstrasi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Demonstrasi">demonstrasi</a> besar-besaran dan kondisi ekonomi negara yang memburuk pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1998">1998</a>.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Dari 1998 hingga 2001, Indonesia mempunyai tiga <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_Presiden_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Daftar Presiden Indonesia">presiden</a>: <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habibie" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Habibie">Bacharuddin Jusuf (BJ) Habibie</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdurrahman_Wahid" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Abdurrahman Wahid">Abdurrahman Wahid</a> dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megawati_Sukarnoputri" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Megawati Sukarnoputri">Megawati Sukarnoputri</a>. Pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="2004">2004</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemilu_2004" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pemilu 2004">pemilu</a> satu hari terbesar di dunia<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-25" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[26]</a></sup> diadakan dan dimenangkan oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susilo_Bambang_Yudhoyono" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono">Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono</a>.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Indonesia kini sedang mengalami masalah-masalah ekonomi, politik dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konflik" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Konflik">pertikaian</a> bernuansa agama di dalam negeri, dan beberapa daerah berusaha untuk mendapatkan kemerdekaan, terutama <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Papua">Papua</a>. <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor_Timur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Timor Timur">Timor Timur</a> akhirnya resmi memisahkan diri pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1999">1999</a> setelah 24 tahun bersatu dengan Indonesia dan 3 tahun di bawah administrasi <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBB" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="PBB">PBB</a> menjadi negara <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor_Leste" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Timor Leste">Timor Leste</a>.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Pada Desember <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="2004">2004</a> dan Maret <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="2005">2005</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aceh" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Aceh">Aceh</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Nias" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pulau Nias">Nias</a> dilanda dua <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gempa_bumi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gempa bumi">gempa bumi</a> besar yang totalnya menewaskan ratusan ribu jiwa. (Lihat <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gempa_bumi_Samudra_Hindia_2004" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gempa bumi Samudra Hindia 2004">Gempa bumi Samudra Hindia 2004</a></i> dan <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gempa_bumi_Sumatra_Maret_2005" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gempa bumi Sumatra Maret 2005">Gempa bumi Sumatra Maret 2005</a></i>.) Kejadian ini disusul oleh <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gempa_bumi_Yogyakarta_Mei_2006" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gempa bumi Yogyakarta Mei 2006">gempa bumi di Yogyakarta</a> dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gempa_bumi_Jawa_Juli_2006" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gempa bumi Jawa Juli 2006">tsunami</a> yang menghantam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantai_Pangandaran" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pantai Pangandaran">Pantai Pangandaran</a> dan sekitarnya, serta <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjir_lumpur_panas_Sidoarjo_2006" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Banjir lumpur panas Sidoarjo 2006">banjir lumpur</a> di <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidoarjo" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sidoarjo">Sidoarjo</a> pada 2006 yang tidak kunjung terpecahkan.</div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indonesia&action=edit&section=3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Politik dan pemerintahan">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Politik_dan_pemerintahan">Politik dan pemerintahan</span></h2><div class="dablink noprint" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 2em;"><img alt="!" height="20" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/20px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="20" />Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politik_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Politik Indonesia">Politik Indonesia</a></div><div class="thumb tleft" style="background-color: white; clear: left; float: left; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 1.4em; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 252px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Gedung_MPR-DPR.PNG&filetimestamp=20070511065100" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="215" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/5/5f/Gedung_MPR-DPR.PNG/250px-Gedung_MPR-DPR.PNG" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="250" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Gedung_MPR-DPR.PNG&filetimestamp=20070511065100" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Gedung MPR-DPR</div></div></div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: white; clear: right; float: right; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 252px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Istana_Negara.JPG&filetimestamp=20070511064824" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="174" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/9/98/Istana_Negara.JPG/250px-Istana_Negara.JPG" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="250" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Istana_Negara.JPG&filetimestamp=20070511064824" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div><b>Istana Negara</b>, bagian dari Istana Kepresidenan Jakarta.</div></div></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Indonesia menjalankan pemerintahan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Republik">republik</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_presidensial" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sistem presidensial">presidensial</a> multipartai yang <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokrasi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Demokrasi">demokratis</a>. Seperti juga di negara-negara demokrasi lainnya, sistem politik di Indonesia didasarkan pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemisahan_kekuasaan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pemisahan kekuasaan">Trias Politika</a> yaitu kekuasaan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislatif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Legislatif">legislatif</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksekutif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Eksekutif">eksekutif</a> dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yudikatif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Yudikatif">yudikatif</a>. Kekuasaan legislatif dipegang oleh sebuah lembaga bernama <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majelis_Permusyawaratan_Rakyat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat">Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat</a> (MPR).</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">MPR pernah menjadi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majelis_Permusyawaratan_Rakyat#Kedudukan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat">lembaga tertinggi negara</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_satu_kamar" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sistem satu kamar">unikameral</a>, namun setelah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perubahan_Keempat_Undang-Undang_Dasar_Negara_Republik_Indonesia_Tahun_1945" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Perubahan Keempat Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945">amandemen ke-4</a> MPR bukanlah lembaga tertinggi lagi, dan komposisi keanggotaannya juga berubah. MPR setelah amandemen UUD 1945, yaitu sejak <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="2004">2004</a> menjelma menjadi lembaga <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_dua_kamar" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sistem dua kamar">bikameral</a> yang terdiri dari 560 anggota <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewan_Perwakilan_Rakyat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat">Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat</a> (DPR) yang merupakan wakil rakyat melalui <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partai_Politik" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Partai Politik">Partai Politik</a>, ditambah dengan 132 anggota <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewan_Perwakilan_Daerah" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Dewan Perwakilan Daerah">Dewan Perwakilan Daerah</a> (DPD) yang merupakan wakil provinsi dari jalur<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independen" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Independen">independen</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-26" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[27]</a></sup> Anggota DPR dan DPD dipilih melalui <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemilu" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pemilu">pemilu</a> dan dilantik untuk masa jabatan lima tahun. Sebelumnya, anggota MPR adalah seluruh anggota DPR ditambah <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utusan_golongan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Utusan golongan">utusan golongan</a> dan<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tentara_Nasional_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tentara Nasional Indonesia">TNI</a>/<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepolisian_Negara_Republik_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia">Polri</a>. MPR saat ini diketuai oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taufiq_Kiemas" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Taufiq Kiemas">Taufiq Kiemas</a>. DPR saat ini diketuai oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marzuki_Alie" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Marzuki Alie">Marzuki Alie</a>, sedangkan DPD saat ini diketuai oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irman_Gusman" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Irman Gusman">Irman Gusman</a>.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Lembaga eksekutif berpusat pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presiden" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Presiden">presiden</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakil_presiden" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wakil presiden">wakil presiden</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabinet" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kabinet">kabinet</a>. Kabinet di Indonesia adalah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabinet_%28pemerintahan%29" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kabinet (pemerintahan)">Kabinet Presidensial</a> sehingga para menteri bertanggung jawab kepada presiden dan tidak mewakili partai politik yang ada di parlemen. Meskipun demikian, Presiden saat ini yakni <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susilo_Bambang_Yudhoyono" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono">Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono</a> yang diusung oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partai_Demokrat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Partai Demokrat">Partai Demokrat</a>juga menunjuk sejumlah pemimpin <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partai_Politik" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Partai Politik">Partai Politik</a> untuk duduk di kabinetnya. Tujuannya untuk menjaga stabilitas pemerintahan mengingat kuatnya posisi lembaga legislatif di Indonesia. Namun pos-pos penting dan strategis umumnya diisi oleh menteri tanpa portofolio partai (berasal dari seseorang yang dianggap ahli dalam bidangnya).</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Lembaga Yudikatif sejak masa reformasi dan adanya amandemen UUD 1945 dijalankan oleh <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahkamah_Agung_Republik_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia">Mahkamah Agung</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komisi_Yudisial" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Komisi Yudisial">Komisi Yudisial</a>, dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahkamah_Konstitusi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mahkamah Konstitusi">Mahkamah Konstitusi</a>, termasuk pengaturan administrasi para hakim. Meskipun demikian keberadaan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menteri_Hukum_dan_Hak_Asasi_Manusia_Republik_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Republik Indonesia">Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia</a> tetap dipertahankan.</div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indonesia&action=edit&section=4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Pembagian administratif">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Pembagian_administratif">Pembagian administratif</span></h2><div class="dablink noprint" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 2em;"><img alt="!" height="20" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/20px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="20" />Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinsi_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Provinsi Indonesia">Provinsi Indonesia</a></div><div style="background-color: white; clear: none; float: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 1ex; margin-left: 1em;"><div style="position: relative;"><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;"><img alt="Indonesia provinces blank map.svg" height="281" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Indonesia_provinces_blank_map.svg/600px-Indonesia_provinces_blank_map.svg.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="600" /></div><div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="left: 14.000001px; position: absolute; top: 49px;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aceh" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Aceh">Aceh</a></div></div><div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="left: 49.000002px; position: absolute; top: 67px;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera_Utara" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sumatera Utara">Sumatera<br />
Utara</a></div></div><div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="left: 51px; position: absolute; top: 122.000002px;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera_Barat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sumatera Barat">Sumatera<br />
Barat</a></div></div><div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="left: 84px; position: absolute; top: 100px;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riau" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Riau">Riau</a></div></div><div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="left: 140.000004px; position: absolute; top: 79.999996px;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepulauan_Riau" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kepulauan Riau">Kep.<br />
Riau</a></div></div><div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="left: 147px; position: absolute; top: 125.999998px;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepulauan_Bangka_Belitung" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kepulauan Bangka Belitung">Kep. Bangka<br />
Belitung</a></div></div><div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="left: 93px; position: absolute; top: 128.000002px;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jambi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jambi">Jambi</a></div></div><div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="left: 109.999998px; position: absolute; top: 143.000002px;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera_Selatan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sumatera Selatan">Sumatera<br />
Selatan</a></div></div><div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="left: 69px; position: absolute; top: 163.999996px;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengkulu" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bengkulu">Bengkulu</a></div></div><div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="left: 109.999998px; position: absolute; top: 171.00001px;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lampung" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Lampung">Lampung</a></div></div><div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="left: 117px; position: absolute; top: 192.000004px;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banten" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Banten">Banten</a></div></div><div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="left: 148.999998px; position: absolute; top: 179.999998px;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daerah_Khusus_Ibukota_Jakarta" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta">DKI Jakarta</a></div></div><div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="left: 151.999992px; position: absolute; top: 196px;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Barat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jawa Barat">Jawa<br />
Barat</a></div></div><div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="left: 184.999998px; position: absolute; top: 191.000008px;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Tengah" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jawa Tengah">Jawa<br />
Tengah</a></div></div><div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="left: 163.999998px; position: absolute; top: 214px;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daerah_Istimewa_Yogyakarta" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta">DI Yogyakarta</a></div></div><div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="left: 217.000002px; position: absolute; top: 199px;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Timur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jawa Timur">Jawa<br />
Timur</a></div></div><div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="left: 249px; position: absolute; top: 209.000008px;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bali">Bali</a></div></div><div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="left: 262.999992px; position: absolute; top: 228.00001px;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusa_Tenggara_Barat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nusa Tenggara Barat">Nusa Tenggara<br />
Barat</a></div></div><div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="left: 322.00002px; position: absolute; top: 212.000002px;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusa_Tenggara_Timur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nusa Tenggara Timur">Nusa Tenggara<br />
Timur</a></div></div><div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="left: 183px; position: absolute; top: 103px;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimantan_Barat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kalimantan Barat">Kalimantan<br />
Barat</a></div></div><div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="left: 217.000002px; position: absolute; top: 125.999998px;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimantan_Tengah" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kalimantan Tengah">Kalimantan<br />
Tengah</a></div></div><div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="left: 256.000002px; position: absolute; top: 88.999996px;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimantan_Timur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kalimantan Timur">Kalimantan<br />
Timur</a></div></div><div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="left: 234px; position: absolute; top: 149.999992px;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimantan_Selatan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kalimantan Selatan">Kalimantan<br />
Selatan</a></div></div><div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="left: 364.00002px; position: absolute; top: 77.000002px;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi_Utara" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sulawesi Utara">Sulawesi<br />
Utara</a></div></div><div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="left: 390px; position: absolute; top: 102.000004px;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maluku_Utara" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Maluku Utara">Maluku<br />
Utara</a></div></div><div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="left: 318px; position: absolute; top: 116.999998px;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi_Tengah" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sulawesi Tengah">Sulawesi<br />
Tengah</a></div></div><div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="left: 317.000016px; position: absolute; top: 88px;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorontalo" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gorontalo">Gorontalo</a></div></div><div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="left: 279.999996px; position: absolute; top: 129.000004px;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi_Barat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sulawesi Barat">Sulawesi<br />
Barat</a></div></div><div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="left: 286.000008px; position: absolute; top: 164.999998px;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi_Selatan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sulawesi Selatan">Sulawesi<br />
Selatan</a></div></div><div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="left: 329.000004px; position: absolute; top: 159.000004px;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi_Tenggara" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sulawesi Tenggara">Sulawesi<br />
Tenggara</a></div></div><div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="left: 408.999996px; position: absolute; top: 169px;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maluku" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Maluku">Maluku</a></div></div><div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="left: 465px; position: absolute; top: 128.000002px;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Barat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Papua Barat">Papua<br />
Barat</a></div></div><div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="left: 531px; position: absolute; top: 159.000004px;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Papua">Papua</a></div></div></div></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Indonesia saat ini terdiri dari 33 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinsi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Provinsi">provinsi</a>, lima di antaranya memiliki status yang berbeda. Provinsi dibagi menjadi 399 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kabupaten">kabupaten</a> dan 98 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota">kota</a> yang dibagi lagi menjadi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kecamatan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kecamatan">kecamatan</a> dan lagi menjadi<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelurahan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kelurahan">kelurahan</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Desa">desa</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gampong" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gampong">gampong</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampung" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kampung">kampung</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagari" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nagari">nagari</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pekon" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pekon">pekon</a>, atau istilah lain yang diakomodasi oleh Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 32 Tahun 2004 tentang <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemerintahan_Daerah" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pemerintahan Daerah">Pemerintahan Daerah</a>. Tiap provinsi memiliki <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewan_Perwakilan_Rakyat_Daerah_Provinsi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Provinsi">DPRD Provinsi</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gubernur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gubernur">gubernur</a>; sementara <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kabupaten">kabupaten</a> memiliki <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewan_Perwakilan_Rakyat_Daerah_Kabupaten" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten">DPRD Kabupaten</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bupati" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bupati">bupati</a>; kemudian <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota">kota</a> memiliki <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewan_Perwakilan_Rakyat_Daerah_Kota" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kota">DPRD Kota</a> dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walikota" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Walikota">walikota</a>; semuanya dipilih langsung oleh rakyat melalui<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemilu" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pemilu">Pemilu</a> dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilkada" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pilkada">Pilkada</a>. Bagaimanapun di Jakarta tidak terdapat DPR Kabupaten atau Kota, karena Kabupaten Administrasi dan Kota Administrasi di Jakarta bukanlah daerah otonom.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Provinsi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aceh" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Aceh">Aceh</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daerah_Istimewa_Yogyakarta" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta">Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Barat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Papua Barat">Papua Barat</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Papua">Papua</a> memiliki hak istimewa legislatur yang lebih besar dan tingkat otonomi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan provinsi lainnya. Contohnya, Aceh berhak membentuk sistem legal sendiri; pada tahun 2003, Aceh mulai menetapkan hukum <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syariah" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Syariah">Syariah</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-27" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-27" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[28]</a></sup> Yogyakarta mendapatkan status Daerah Istimewa sebagai pengakuan terhadap peran penting Yogyakarta dalam mendukung Indonesia selama Revolusi.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-28" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-28" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[29]</a></sup> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinsi_Papua" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Provinsi Papua">Provinsi Papua</a>, sebelumnya disebut Irian Jaya, mendapat status otonomi khusus tahun 2001.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-29" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-29" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[30]</a></sup> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DKI_Jakarta" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="DKI Jakarta">DKI Jakarta</a>, adalah daerah khusus ibukota negara. <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor_Portugis" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Timor Portugis">Timor Portugis</a> digabungkan ke dalam wilayah Indonesia dan menjadi provinsi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor_Timur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Timor Timur">Timor Timur</a> pada 1979–1999, yang kemudian memisahkan diri melalui referendum menjadi Negara<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor_Leste" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Timor Leste">Timor Leste</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-30" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-30" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[31]</a></sup></div><dl style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Provinsi di Indonesia dan ibukotanya</dt>
</dl><table class="" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; width: 1157px;"><tbody>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top" width=""><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sumatera">Sumatera</a></b></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aceh" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Aceh">Aceh</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Banda_Aceh" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Banda Aceh">Banda Aceh</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera_Utara" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sumatera Utara">Sumatera Utara</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Medan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Medan">Medan</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera_Barat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sumatera Barat">Sumatera Barat</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Padang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Padang">Padang</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riau" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Riau">Riau</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Pekanbaru" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Pekanbaru">Pekanbaru</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepulauan_Riau" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kepulauan Riau">Kepulauan Riau</a> - <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Tanjung_Pinang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Tanjung Pinang">Tanjung Pinang</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jambi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jambi">Jambi</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Jambi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Jambi">Jambi</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera_Selatan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sumatera Selatan">Sumatera Selatan</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Palembang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Palembang">Palembang</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepulauan_Bangka_Belitung" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kepulauan Bangka Belitung">Kepulauan Bangka Belitung</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Pangkal_Pinang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Pangkal Pinang">Pangkal Pinang</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengkulu" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bengkulu">Bengkulu</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Bengkulu" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Bengkulu">Bengkulu</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lampung" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Lampung">Lampung</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Bandar_Lampung" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Bandar Lampung">Bandar Lampung</a></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jawa">Jawa</a></b></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daerah_Khusus_Ibukota_Jakarta" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta">Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banten" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Banten">Banten</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Serang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Serang">Serang</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Barat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jawa Barat">Jawa Barat</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Bandung" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Bandung">Bandung</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Tengah" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jawa Tengah">Jawa Tengah</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Semarang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Semarang">Semarang</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daerah_Istimewa_Yogyakarta" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta">Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Yogyakarta" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Yogyakarta">Yogyakarta</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Timur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jawa Timur">Jawa Timur</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Surabaya" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Surabaya">Surabaya</a></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;"><b><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepulauan_Sunda_Kecil" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kepulauan Sunda Kecil">Kepulauan Sunda Kecil</a></b></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bali">Bali</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Denpasar" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Denpasar">Denpasar</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusa_Tenggara_Barat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nusa Tenggara Barat">Nusa Tenggara Barat</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Mataram" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Mataram">Mataram</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusa_Tenggara_Timur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nusa Tenggara Timur">Nusa Tenggara Timur</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Kupang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Kupang">Kupang</a></li>
</ul></td><td align="left" valign="top" width=""><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimantan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kalimantan">Kalimantan</a></b></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimantan_Barat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kalimantan Barat">Kalimantan Barat</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Pontianak" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Pontianak">Pontianak</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimantan_Tengah" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kalimantan Tengah">Kalimantan Tengah</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Palangka_Raya" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Palangka Raya">Palangka Raya</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimantan_Selatan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kalimantan Selatan">Kalimantan Selatan</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Banjarmasin" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Banjarmasin">Banjarmasin</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimantan_Timur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kalimantan Timur">Kalimantan Timur</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Samarinda" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Samarinda">Samarinda</a></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a></b></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi_Utara" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sulawesi Utara">Sulawesi Utara</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Manado" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Manado">Manado</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorontalo" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gorontalo">Gorontalo</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Gorontalo" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Gorontalo">Gorontalo</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi_Tengah" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sulawesi Tengah">Sulawesi Tengah</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Palu" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Palu">Palu</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi_Barat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sulawesi Barat">Sulawesi Barat</a> - <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Mamuju" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Mamuju">Mamuju</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi_Selatan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sulawesi Selatan">Sulawesi Selatan</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Makassar" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Makassar">Makassar</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi_Tenggara" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sulawesi Tenggara">Sulawesi Tenggara</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Kendari" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Kendari">Kendari</a></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepulauan_Maluku" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kepulauan Maluku">Kepulauan Maluku</a></b></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maluku" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Maluku">Maluku</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Ambon" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Ambon">Ambon</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maluku_Utara" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Maluku Utara">Maluku Utara</a> - <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofifi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sofifi">Sofifi</a></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_bagian_barat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Papua bagian barat">Papua bagian barat</a></b></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Barat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Papua Barat">Papua Barat</a> - <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Manokwari" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Manokwari">Manokwari</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Papua">Papua</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Jayapura" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Jayapura">Jayapura</a></li>
</ul></td></tr>
</tbody></table><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indonesia&action=edit&section=5" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Geografi">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Geografi">Geografi</span></h2><div class="dablink noprint" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 2em;"><img alt="!" height="20" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/20px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="20" />Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografi_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Geografi Indonesia">Geografi Indonesia</a></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;"><i>Lihat pula: <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia#Peta" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Asia">Peta Asia</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumlah_pulau_di_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jumlah pulau di Indonesia">Jumlah pulau di Indonesia</a></i></div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: white; clear: right; float: right; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 152px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Waterfall_Madakaripura_B.JPG&filetimestamp=20081205044217" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="226" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Waterfall_Madakaripura_B.JPG/150px-Waterfall_Madakaripura_B.JPG" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="150" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Waterfall_Madakaripura_B.JPG&filetimestamp=20081205044217" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_terjun_Madakaripura" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Air terjun Madakaripura">Air terjun Madakaripura</a> di<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taman_Nasional_Bromo_Tengger_Semeru" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru">Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbang,_Probolinggo" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Lumbang, Probolinggo">Lumbang, Probolinggo</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Timur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jawa Timur">Jawa Timur</a>.</div></div></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Indonesia adalah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negara_kepulauan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Negara kepulauan">negara kepulauan</a> di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Tenggara" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Asia Tenggara">Asia Tenggara</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-31" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-31" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[32]</a></sup> yang memiliki 17.504 pulau besar dan kecil, sekitar 6.000 di antaranya tidak berpenghuni<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Indonesia_Regions_32-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-Indonesia_Regions-32" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[33]</a></sup>, yang menyebar disekitar <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khatulistiwa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Khatulistiwa">khatulistiwa</a>, yang memberikan cuaca tropis. Posisi Indonesia terletak pada koordinat 6°<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/LU" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="LU">LU</a> - 11°08'<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/LS" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="LS">LS</a> dan dari 95°'<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/BT" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="BT">BT</a> - 141°45'<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/BT" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="BT">BT</a> serta terletak di antara dua<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benua" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Benua">benua</a> yaitu benua <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Asia">Asia</a> dan benua <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Australia">Australia</a>/<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseania" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Oseania">Oseania</a>.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Wilayah Indonesia terbentang sepanjang 3.977 mil di antara <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samudra_Hindia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Samudra Hindia">Samudra Hindia</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samudra_Pasifik" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Samudra Pasifik">Samudra Pasifik</a>. Luas daratan Indonesia adalah 1.922.570 km² dan luas perairannya 3.257.483 km². Pulau terpadat penduduknya adalah pulau Jawa, dimana setengah populasi Indonesia bermukim. Indonesia terdiri dari 5 pulau besar, yaitu: <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Jawa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pulau Jawa">Jawa</a> dengan luas 132.107 km², <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sumatera">Sumatera</a> dengan luas 473.606 km², <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Kalimantan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pulau Kalimantan">Kalimantan</a> dengan luas 539.460 km², <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a> dengan luas 189.216 km², dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Papua" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pulau Papua">Papua</a> dengan luas 421.981 km². Batas wilayah Indonesia diukur dari kepulauan dengan menggunakan territorial laut: 12 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mil_laut" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mil laut">mil laut</a> serta zona ekonomi eksklusif: 200 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mil_laut" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mil laut">mil laut</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-33" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-33" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[34]</a></sup> searah penjuru mata angin, yaitu:</div><table class="wikitable" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-collapse: collapse; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 1em; margin-top: 1em;"><tbody>
<tr><td bgcolor="#F2F2F2" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utara" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Utara">Utara</a></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Negara <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> dengan perbatasan sepanjang 1.782 km<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Indonesia_Regions_32-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-Indonesia_Regions-32" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[33]</a></sup>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapura" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Singapura">Singapura</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipina" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Filipina">Filipina</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Cina_Selatan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Laut Cina Selatan">Laut Cina Selatan</a></td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#F2F2F2" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selatan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Selatan">Selatan</a></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Negara <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor_Leste" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Timor Leste">Timor Leste</a>, dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samudra_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Samudra Indonesia">Samudra Indonesia</a></td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#F2F2F2" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Barat">Barat</a></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samudra_Hindia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Samudra Hindia">Samudra Indonesia</a></td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#F2F2F2" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Timur">Timur</a></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Negara <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Nugini" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Papua Nugini">Papua Nugini</a> dengan perbatasan sepanjang 820 km<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Indonesia_Regions_32-2" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-Indonesia_Regions-32" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[33]</a></sup>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor_Leste" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Timor Leste">Timor Leste</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samudra_Pasifik" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Samudra Pasifik">Samudra Pasifik</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indonesia&action=edit&section=6" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Sumber daya alam">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Sumber_daya_alam">Sumber daya alam</span></h3><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumber_daya_alam" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sumber daya alam">Sumber daya alam</a> Indonesia berupa <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyak_bumi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Minyak bumi">minyak bumi</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timah" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Timah">timah</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_alam" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gas alam">gas alam</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikel" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nikel">nikel</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayu" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kayu">kayu</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauksit" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bauksit">bauksit</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanah_subur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tanah subur">tanah subur</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batu_bara" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Batu bara">batu bara</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emas" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Emas">emas</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perak" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Perak">perak</a> dengan pembagian lahan terdiri dari tanah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertanian" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pertanian">pertanian</a> sebesar 10%, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perkebunan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Perkebunan">perkebunan</a> sebesar 7%, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padang_rumput" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Padang rumput">padang rumput</a> sebesar 7%, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Hutan">hutan</a> dan daerah berhutan sebesar 62%, dan lainnya sebesar 14% dengan lahan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irigasi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Irigasi">irigasi</a> seluas 45.970 km<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Indonesia:_environment_and_development_34-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-Indonesia:_environment_and_development-34" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[35]</a></sup></div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indonesia&action=edit&section=7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Pendidikan">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Pendidikan">Pendidikan</span></h2><div class="dablink noprint" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 2em;"><img alt="!" height="20" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/20px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="20" />Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendidikan_di_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pendidikan di Indonesia">Pendidikan di Indonesia</a></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Sesuai dengan konstitusi yang berlaku, yaitu berdasarkan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undang-Undang_Dasar_Negara_Republik_Indonesia_Tahun_1945" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945">UUD 1945</a> pasal 31 ayat 4 dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undang-undang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Undang-undang">Undang-undang</a> nomor 20 tahun 2003 tentang sistem pendidikan nasional, bahwa pemerintah Indonesia baik pusat maupun daerah mesti mengalokasikan anggaran untuk pendidikan sebesar 20% dari <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/APBN" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="APBN">APBN</a> dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/APBD" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="APBD">APBD</a> diluar gaji pendidik dan biaya kedinasan. Namun pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="2007">2007</a> alokasi yang disediakan tersebut baru sekitar 17.2 %, jauh lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan negara <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipina" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Filipina">Filipina</a> yang telah mengalokasikan anggaran untuk pendidikan lebih dari 28 %<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-35" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-35" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[36]</a></sup>.</div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indonesia&action=edit&section=8" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Ekonomi">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Ekonomi">Ekonomi</span></h2><div class="dablink noprint" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 2em;"><img alt="!" height="20" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/20px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="20" />Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomi_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ekonomi Indonesia">Ekonomi Indonesia</a></div><div class="thumb tleft" style="background-color: white; clear: left; float: left; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 1.4em; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 452px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:PDRB_per_kapita_Indonesia_2008.svg&filetimestamp=20100421155159" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="170" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/0/09/PDRB_per_kapita_Indonesia_2008.svg/450px-PDRB_per_kapita_Indonesia_2008.svg.png" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="450" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:PDRB_per_kapita_Indonesia_2008.svg&filetimestamp=20100421155159" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Peta yang menunjukkan Produk Domestik Regional Bruto per kapita provinsi-provinsi Indonesia pada tahun 2008 atas harga berlaku. PDRB per kapita provinsi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimantan_Timur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kalimantan Timur">Kalimantan Timur</a>mencapai Rp.100 juta manakala PDRB per kapita <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maluku" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Maluku">Maluku</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maluku_Utara" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Maluku Utara">Maluku Utara</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusa_Tenggara_Timur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nusa Tenggara Timur">Nusa Tenggara Timur</a> kurang dari Rp.5 juta.<br />
<table style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 11px; width: 446px;"><tbody>
<tr><td valign="top"><span style="display: block; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #441650; border-style: none; color: #441650;">██</span> Lebih dari Rp.100 juta</span><span style="display: block; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #006680; border-style: none; color: #006680;">██</span> Rp.50 juta ++ - Rp.100 juta</span><span style="display: block; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #217867; border-style: none; color: #217867;">██</span> Rp.40 juta ++ - Rp.50 juta</span><span style="display: block; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #2ca089; border-style: none; color: #2ca089;">██</span> Rp.30 juta ++ - Rp.40 juta</span></td><td valign="top"><span style="display: block; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #37c8ab; border-style: none; color: #37c8ab;">██</span> Rp.20 juta ++ - Rp.30 juta</span><span style="display: block; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #aaeeff; border-style: none; color: #aaeeff;">██</span> Rp.10 juta ++ - Rp.20 juta</span><span style="display: block; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #d7eef4; border-style: none; color: #d7eef4;">██</span> Rp.5 juta ++ - Rp.10 juta</span><span style="display: block; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #dbdee3; border-style: none; color: #dbdee3;">██</span> Kurang dari Rp.5 juta</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div></div></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Sistem ekonomi Indonesia awalnya didukung dengan diluncurkannya <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oeang_Repoeblik_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Oeang Repoeblik Indonesia">Oeang Repoeblik Indonesia (ORI)</a> yang menjadi mata uang pertama Republik Indonesia, yang selanjutnya berganti menjadi Rupiah.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Pada masa pemerintahan Orde Lama, Indonesia tidak seutuhnya mengadaptasi sistem ekonomi kapitalis, namun juga memadukannya dengan nasionalisme ekonomi. Pemerintah yang belum berpengalaman, masih ikut campur tangan ke dalam beberapa kegiatan produksi yang berpengaruh bagi masyarakat banyak. Hal tersebut, ditambah pula kemelut politik, mengakibatkan terjadinya ketidakstabilan pada ekonomi negara.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-SCHWARZ_36-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-SCHWARZ-36" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[37]</a></sup></div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: white; clear: right; float: right; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 202px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Indonesian_Rupiah_%28IDR%29_banknotes2009.jpg&filetimestamp=20091224004459" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="177" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Indonesian_Rupiah_%28IDR%29_banknotes2009.jpg/200px-Indonesian_Rupiah_%28IDR%29_banknotes2009.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="200" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Indonesian_Rupiah_%28IDR%29_banknotes2009.jpg&filetimestamp=20091224004459" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Uang <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupiah" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Rupiah">rupiah</a>.</div></div></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Pemerintahaan Orde Baru segera menerapkan disiplin ekonomi yang bertujuan menekan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflasi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Inflasi">inflasi</a>, menstabilkan mata uang, penjadualan ulang <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutang_luar_negeri" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Hutang luar negeri">hutang luar negeri</a>, dan berusaha menarik bantuan dan investasi asing.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-SCHWARZ_36-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-SCHWARZ-36" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[37]</a></sup> Pada era tahun 1970-an harga <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyak_bumi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Minyak bumi">minyak bumi</a> yang meningkat menyebabkan melonjaknya nilai ekspor, dan memicu tingkat pertumbuhan ekonomi rata-rata yang tinggi sebesar 7% antara tahun 1968 sampai 1981.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-SCHWARZ_36-2" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-SCHWARZ-36" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[37]</a></sup> Reformasi ekonomi lebih lanjut menjelang akhir tahun 1980-an, antara lain berupa deregulasi sektor keuangan dan pelemahan nilai rupiah yang terkendali,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-SCHWARZ_36-3" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-SCHWARZ-36" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[37]</a></sup>selanjutnya mengalirkan investasi asing ke Indonesia khususnya pada industri-industri berorientasi ekspor pada antara tahun 1989 sampai 1997<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-37" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-37" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[38]</a></sup>Ekonomi Indonesia mengalami kemunduran pada akhir tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990-an" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1990-an">1990-an</a> akibat<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krisis_finansial_Asia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Krisis finansial Asia">krisis ekonomi</a> yang melanda sebagian besar <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Asia">Asia</a> pada saat itu,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-38" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-38" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[39]</a></sup> yang disertai pula berakhirnya masa Orde Baru dengan pengunduran diri Presiden Soeharto tanggal 21 Mei 1998.</div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: white; clear: right; float: right; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 152px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Bank_Indonesia_headquarters.jpg&filetimestamp=20070822112153" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="212" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Bank_Indonesia_headquarters.jpg/150px-Bank_Indonesia_headquarters.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="150" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Bank_Indonesia_headquarters.jpg&filetimestamp=20070822112153" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Gedung pusat <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bank Indonesia">Bank Indonesia</a>.</div></div></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Saat ini ekonomi Indonesia telah cukup stabil. Pertumbuhan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDB" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="PDB">PDB Indonesia</a> tahun 2004 dan 2005 melebihi 5% dan diperkirakan akan terus berlanjut.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-39" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-39" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[40]</a></sup> Namun demikian, dampak pertumbuhan itu belum cukup besar dalam memengaruhi tingkat pengangguran, yaitu sebesar 9,75%.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-40" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-40" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[41]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-41" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-41" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[42]</a></sup> Perkiraan tahun 2006, sebanyak 17,8% masyarakat hidup di bawah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garis_kemiskinan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Garis kemiskinan">garis kemiskinan</a>, dan terdapat 49,0% masyarakat yang hidup dengan penghasilan kurang dari AS$ 2 per hari.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-42" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-42" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[43]</a></sup></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Indonesia mempunyai <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumber_daya_alam" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sumber daya alam">sumber daya alam</a> yang besar di luar <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jawa">Jawa</a>, termasuk <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyak_mentah" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Minyak mentah">minyak mentah</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_alam" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gas alam">gas alam</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timah" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Timah">timah</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tembaga" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tembaga">tembaga</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emas" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Emas">emas</a>. Indonesia pengekspor gas alam terbesar kedua di dunia, meski akhir-akhir ini ia telah mulai menjadi pengimpor bersih <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyak_mentah" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Minyak mentah">minyak mentah</a>. Hasil pertanian yang utama termasuk <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beras" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Beras">beras</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teh" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Teh">teh</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kopi">kopi</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rempah-rempah" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Rempah-rempah">rempah-rempah</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karet" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Karet">karet</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-indoCIA_43-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-indoCIA-43" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[44]</a></sup> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jasa">Sektor jasa</a> adalah penyumbang terbesar PDB, yang mencapai 45,3% untuk PDB 2005. Sedangkan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industri" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Industri">sektor industri</a> menyumbang 40,7%, dan<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertanian" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pertanian">sektor pertanian</a> menyumbang 14,0%.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-44" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-44" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[45]</a></sup> Meskipun demikian, sektor pertanian mempekerjakan lebih banyak orang daripada sektor-sektor lainnya, yaitu 44,3% dari 95 juta orang tenaga kerja. Sektor jasa mempekerjakan 36,9%, dan sisanya sektor industri sebesar 18,8%.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-45" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-45" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[46]</a></sup></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Rekan perdagangan terbesar Indonesia adalah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jepang">Jepang</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a>, dan negara-negara jirannya yaitu <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapura" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Singapura">Singapura</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Australia">Australia</a>.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Meski kaya akan sumber daya alam dan manusia, Indonesia masih menghadapi masalah besar dalam bidang kemiskinan yang sebagian besar disebabkan oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korupsi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Korupsi">korupsi</a>yang merajalela dalam pemerintahan. Lembaga <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_International" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Transparency International">Transparency International</a> menempatkan Indonesia sebagai peringkat ke-143 dari 180 negara dalam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indeks_Persepsi_Korupsi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Indeks Persepsi Korupsi">Indeks Persepsi Korupsi</a>, yang dikeluarkannya pada tahun 2007.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-46" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-46" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[47]</a></sup></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;"><br />
</div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indonesia&action=edit&section=9" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Peringkat internasional">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Peringkat_internasional">Peringkat internasional</span></h2><table class="wikitable" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-collapse: collapse; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 1em; margin-top: 1em;"><tbody>
<tr><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: center;">Organisasi</th><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: center;">Nama Survey</th><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: center;">Peringkat</th></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heritage_Foundation" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Heritage Foundation">Heritage Foundation</a>/<i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_Economic_Freedom#Current_ratings" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Index of Economic Freedom">Indeks Kebebasan Ekonomi</a></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">110 dari 157<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-47" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-47" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[48]</a></sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Economist" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indeks_Kualitas_Hidup" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Indeks Kualitas Hidup">Indeks Kualitas Hidup</a></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">71 dari 111<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-48" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-48" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[49]</a></sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Reporters Without Borders">Reporters Without Borders</a></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders#Worldwide_press_freedom_index" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Reporters Without Borders">Indeks Kebebasan Pers</a></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">103 dari 168<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-49" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-49" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[50]</a></sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_International" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Transparency International">Transparency International</a></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indeks_Persepsi_Korupsi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Indeks Persepsi Korupsi">Indeks Persepsi Korupsi</a></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">143 dari 179<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-50" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-50" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[51]</a></sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_Indeks_Pembangunan_Manusia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Daftar negara menurut Indeks Pembangunan Manusia">Indeks Pembangunan Manusia</a></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">108 dari 177<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-51" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-51" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[52]</a></sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forum_Ekonomi_Dunia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Forum Ekonomi Dunia">Forum Ekonomi Dunia</a></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laporan_Daya_Saing_Global" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Laporan Daya Saing Global">Laporan Daya Saing Global</a></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">51 dari 122<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-52" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-52" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[53]</a></sup></td></tr>
</tbody></table><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indonesia&action=edit&section=10" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Demografi">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Demografi">Demografi</span></h2><div class="dablink noprint" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 2em;"><img alt="!" height="20" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/20px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="20" />Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demografi_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Demografi Indonesia">Demografi Indonesia</a></div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: white; clear: right; float: right; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 252px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Kepadatan_2010.JPG&filetimestamp=20110320132040" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="129" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/5/54/Kepadatan_2010.JPG/250px-Kepadatan_2010.JPG" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="250" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Kepadatan_2010.JPG&filetimestamp=20110320132040" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Kepadatan penduduk Indonesia menurut Sensus 2010</div></div></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Menurut sensus penduduk 2000, Indonesia memiliki populasi sekitar 206 juta,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bps2000_53-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-bps2000-53" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[54]</a></sup> dan diperkirakan pada tahun 2006 berpenduduk 222 juta.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_7-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-autogenerated1-7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[8]</a></sup> 130 juta (lebih dari 50%) tinggal di <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Jawa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pulau Jawa">Pulau Jawa</a> yang merupakan pulau berpenduduk terbanyak sekaligus pulau dimana ibukota <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakarta" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a> berada.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-54" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-54" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[55]</a></sup> Sebagian besar (95%) penduduk Indonesia adalah <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austronesia#Asal_usul_bangsa_Austronesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Austronesia">Bangsa Austronesia</a>, dan terdapat juga kelompok-kelompok suku <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Melanesia">Melanesia</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polinesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Polinesia">Polinesia</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikronesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mikronesia">Mikronesia</a>terutama di Indonesia bagian Timur. Banyak penduduk Indonesia yang menyatakan dirinya sebagai bagian dari kelompok suku yang lebih spesifik, yang dibagi menurut bahasa dan asal daerah, misalnya <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Jawa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Suku Jawa">Jawa</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Sunda" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Suku Sunda">Sunda</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Madura" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Suku Madura">Madura</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Batak" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Suku Batak">Batak</a>, dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Minangkabau" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Suku Minangkabau">Minangkabau</a>.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Selain itu juga ada penduduk pendatang yang jumlahnya minoritas di antaranya adalah etnis <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tionghoa">Tionghoa</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="India">India</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangsa_Arab" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bangsa Arab">Arab</a>. Mereka sudah lama datang ke Nusantara melalui perdagangan sejak abad ke 8 M dan menetap menjadi bagian dari Nusantara. Di Indonesia terdapat sekitar 4 juta populasi etnis Tionghoa.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-eiu_55-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-eiu-55" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[56]</a></sup> Angka ini berbeda-beda karena hanya pada tahun 1930 dan 2000 pemerintah melakukan sensus dengan menggolong-golongkan masyarakat Indonesia ke dalam suku bangsa dan keturunannya.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Islam">Islam</a> adalah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agama" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Agama">agama</a> mayoritas yang dipeluk oleh sekitar 85,2% penduduk Indonesia, yang menjadikan Indonesia negara dengan penduduk muslim terbanyak di dunia.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-indoCIA_43-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-indoCIA-43" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[44]</a></sup> Sisanya beragama <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Protestan">Protestan</a> (8,9%), <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katolik" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Katolik">Katolik</a> (3%), <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> (1,8%), <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddha" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Buddha">Buddha</a> (0,8%), dan lain-lain (0,3%). Selain agama-agama tersebut, pemerintah Indonesia juga secara resmi mengakui <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agama_Konghucu" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Agama Konghucu">Konghucu</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Yang_56-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-Yang-56" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[57]</a></sup></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Kebanyakan penduduk Indonesia bertutur dalam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_daerah" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bahasa daerah">bahasa daerah</a> sebagai <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_ibu" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bahasa ibu">bahasa ibu</a>, namun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_resmi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bahasa resmi">bahasa resmi</a> negara, yaitu <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bahasa Indonesia">bahasa Indonesia</a>, diajarkan di seluruh sekolah-sekolah di negara ini dan dikuasai oleh hampir seluruh penduduk Indonesia.</div><div style="background-color: white; clear: both; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></div><table align="center" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" class="toccolours" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: right; color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><th align="left" colspan="1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ccccff; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; padding-right: 10px;"> <span class="noprint plainlinks navbar" style="background-image: none; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templat:Kota_besar_di_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; color: #0645ad; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 0px !important; padding-top: 0px !important; text-decoration: none;" title="Templat:Kota besar di Indonesia"><span title="Lihat templat ini">l</span></a> <span style="font-size: 7px;">•</span> <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Kota_besar_di_Indonesia&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; color: #ba0000; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 0px !important; padding-top: 0px !important; text-decoration: none;" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Kota besar di Indonesia (halaman belum tersedia)"><span title="Bicarakan templat ini">b</span></a> <span style="font-size: 7px;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Kota_besar_di_Indonesia&action=edit" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px !important; text-decoration: none;"><span title="Sunting templat ini">s</span></a></span> </th><th align="left" colspan="8" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ccccff; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; padding-left: 10px;"><br />
<center><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_kota_di_Indonesia_menurut_jumlah_penduduk" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Daftar kota di Indonesia menurut jumlah penduduk">Kota-kota besar</a> di <b class="selflink">Indonesia</b></center></th></tr>
<tr><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: gray; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; text-align: left;" width="2%"></th><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: gray; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; text-align: left;" width="16%">Kota</th><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: gray; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; text-align: left;" width="16%">Provinsi</th><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: gray; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px;" width="10%">Populasi</th><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: left;" width="15%"></th><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: gray; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; text-align: left;" width="2%"></th><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: gray; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; text-align: left;" width="16%">Kota</th><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: gray; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; text-align: left;" width="16%">Provinsi</th><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: gray; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px;" width="10%">Populasi</th></tr>
<tr><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f0f0f0; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px;">1</td><td align="left" style="padding-left: 5px;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daerah_Khusus_Ibukota_Jakarta" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta">Jakarta</a></b></td><td align="left"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DKI_Jakarta" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="DKI Jakarta">DKI Jakarta</a></span></td><td>9.607.787</td><th align="center" rowspan="10" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: gray; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: gray; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: gray; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Jakarta_Skyline_%28Resize%29.jpg&filetimestamp=20081011005216" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" class="thumbborder" height="98" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Jakarta_Skyline_%28Resize%29.jpg/150px-Jakarta_Skyline_%28Resize%29.jpg" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="150" /></a><br />
<b class="selflink">Indonesia</b></th><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f0f0f0; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px;">7</td><td align="left" style="padding-left: 5px;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Depok" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Depok">Depok</a></b></td><td align="left"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Barat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jawa Barat">Jawa Barat</a></span></td><td>1.738.570</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f0f0f0; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px;">2</td><td align="left" style="padding-left: 5px;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Surabaya" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Surabaya">Surabaya</a></b></td><td align="left"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Timur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jawa Timur">Jawa Timur</a></span></td><td>2.765.487</td><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f0f0f0; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px;">8</td><td align="left" style="padding-left: 5px;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Semarang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Semarang">Semarang</a></b></td><td align="left"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Tengah" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jawa Tengah">Jawa Tengah</a></span></td><td>1.555.984</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f0f0f0; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px;">3</td><td align="left" style="padding-left: 5px;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Bandung" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Bandung">Bandung</a></b></td><td align="left"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Barat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jawa Barat">Jawa Barat</a></span></td><td>2.394.873</td><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f0f0f0; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px;">9</td><td align="left" style="padding-left: 5px;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Palembang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Palembang">Palembang</a></b></td><td align="left"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera_Selatan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sumatera Selatan">Sumatera Selatan</a></span></td><td>1.455.284</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f0f0f0; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px;">4</td><td align="left" style="padding-left: 5px;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Bekasi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Bekasi">Bekasi</a></b></td><td align="left"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Barat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jawa Barat">Jawa Barat</a></span></td><td>2.334.871</td><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f0f0f0; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px;">10</td><td align="left" style="padding-left: 5px;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Makassar" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Makassar">Makassar</a></b></td><td align="left"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi_Selatan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sulawesi Selatan">Sulawesi Selatan</a></span></td><td>1.338.663</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f0f0f0; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px;">5</td><td align="left" style="padding-left: 5px;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Medan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Medan">Medan</a></b></td><td align="left"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera_Utara" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sumatera Utara">Sumatera Utara</a></span></td><td>2.097.610</td><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f0f0f0; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px;">11</td><td align="left" style="padding-left: 5px;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Tangerang_Selatan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Tangerang Selatan">Tangerang Selatan</a></b></td><td align="left"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banten" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Banten">Banten</a></span></td><td>1.290.322</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f0f0f0; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px;">6</td><td align="left" style="padding-left: 5px;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Tangerang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Tangerang">Tangerang</a></b></td><td align="left"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banten" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Banten">Banten</a></span></td><td>1.798.601</td><td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f0f0f0; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: white; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: white; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: white; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px;">12</td><td align="left" style="padding-left: 5px;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Bogor" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Bogor">Bogor</a></b></td><td align="left"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Barat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jawa Barat">Jawa Barat</a></span></td><td>950.334</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="background-color: white; clear: both; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indonesia&action=edit&section=11" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Kebudayaan">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Kebudayaan">Kebudayaan</span></h2><div class="dablink noprint" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 2em;"><img alt="!" height="20" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/20px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="20" />Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budaya_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Budaya Indonesia">Budaya Indonesia</a></div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indonesia&action=edit&section=12" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Pertunjukan">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Pertunjukan">Pertunjukan</span></h3><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: white; clear: right; float: right; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 252px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:WayangKulit_Scene_Zoom.JPG&filetimestamp=20070918142253" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="250" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/WayangKulit_Scene_Zoom.JPG/250px-WayangKulit_Scene_Zoom.JPG" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="250" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:WayangKulit_Scene_Zoom.JPG&filetimestamp=20070918142253" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wayang">Wayang kulit</a> warisan budaya Jawa.</div></div></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Indonesia memiliki sekitar 300 kelompok etnis, tiap etnis memiliki warisan budaya yang berkembang selama berabad-abad, dipengaruhi oleh kebudayaan India, Arab, Cina, Eropa, dan termasuk kebudayaan sendiri yaitu <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melayu" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Melayu">Melayu</a>. Contohnya tarian <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jawa">Jawa</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bali">Bali</a> tradisional memiliki aspek budaya dan mitologi Hindu, seperti <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wayang">wayang kulit</a> yang menampilkan kisah-kisah tentang kejadian mitologis Hindu <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baratayuda" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Baratayuda">Baratayuda</a>. Banyak juga seni tari yang berisikan nilai-nilai <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Islam">Islam</a>. Beberapa di antaranya dapat ditemukan di daerah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sumatera">Sumatera</a> seperti tari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tari_Rat%C3%A9b_Meuseukat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tari Ratéb Meuseukat">Ratéb Meuseukat</a> dan tari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tari_Seudati" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tari Seudati">Seudati</a>dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aceh" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Aceh">Aceh</a>.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Seni <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantun" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pantun">pantun</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurindam" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gurindam">gurindam</a>, dan sebagainya dari pelbagai daerah seperti pantun Melayu, dan pantun-pantun lainnya acapkali dipergunakan dalam acara-acara tertentu yaitu <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perhelatan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Perhelatan">perhelatan</a>, pentas seni, dan lain-lain.</div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indonesia&action=edit&section=13" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Busana">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Busana">Busana</span></h3><div class="dablink noprint" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 2em;"><img alt="!" height="20" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/20px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="20" />Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_busana_daerah_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Daftar busana daerah Indonesia">Daftar busana daerah Indonesia</a></div><div class="thumb tleft" style="background-color: white; clear: left; float: left; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 1.4em; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 152px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Aesan_Gede_Songket_Palembang.jpg&filetimestamp=20091008164845" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="313" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Aesan_Gede_Songket_Palembang.jpg/150px-Aesan_Gede_Songket_Palembang.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="150" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Aesan_Gede_Songket_Palembang.jpg&filetimestamp=20091008164845" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Seorang gadis <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palembang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Palembang">Palembang</a>tengah mengenakan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Songket" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Songket">Songket</a>, salah satu busana tradisional Indonesia.</div></div></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Di bidang busana warisan budaya yang terkenal di seluruh dunia adalah kerajinan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batik" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Batik">batik</a>. Beberapa daerah yang terkenal akan industri batik meliputi <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogyakarta" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Yogyakarta">Yogyakarta</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Surakarta" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Surakarta">Surakarta</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirebon" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Cirebon">Cirebon</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandeglang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pandeglang">Pandeglang</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garut" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Garut">Garut</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten_Tasikmalaya" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kabupaten Tasikmalaya">Tasikmalaya</a> dan juga <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten_Pekalongan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kabupaten Pekalongan">Pekalongan</a>. Kerajinan batik ini pun diklaim oleh negara lain dengan industri batiknya.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-57" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-57" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[58]</a></sup> Busana asli Indonesia dari <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sabang">Sabang</a> sampai<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merauke" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Merauke">Merauke</a> lainnya dapat dikenali dari ciri-cirinya yang dikenakan di setiap daerah antara lain <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baju_kurung" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Baju kurung">baju kurung</a> dengan<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Songket" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Songket">songketnya</a> dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera_Barat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sumatera Barat">Sumatera Barat</a> (<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minangkabau" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Minangkabau">Minangkabau</a>), kain <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulos" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ulos">ulos</a> dari <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra_Utara" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sumatra Utara">Sumatra Utara</a> (<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batak" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Batak">Batak</a>), busana <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebaya" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kebaya">kebaya</a>, busana khas<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Dayak" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Suku Dayak">Dayak</a> di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimantan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kalimantan">Kalimantan</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baju_bodo" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Baju bodo">baju bodo</a> dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi_Selatan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sulawesi Selatan">Sulawesi Selatan</a>, busana ber<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koteka" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Koteka">koteka</a> dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Papua">Papua</a> dan sebagainya.</div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indonesia&action=edit&section=14" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Arsitektur">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Arsitektur">Arsitektur</span></h3><div class="dablink noprint" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 2em;"><img alt="!" height="20" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/20px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="20" />Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsitektur_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Arsitektur Indonesia">Arsitektur Indonesia</a></div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: white; clear: right; float: right; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 152px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Hindu_Temple_in_Java_,_Indonesia.jpg&filetimestamp=20060827021009" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="199" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Hindu_Temple_in_Java_%2C_Indonesia.jpg/150px-Hindu_Temple_in_Java_%2C_Indonesia.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="150" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Hindu_Temple_in_Java_,_Indonesia.jpg&filetimestamp=20060827021009" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Lukisan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candi_Prambanan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Candi Prambanan">Candi Prambanan</a>yang berasal dari masa pemerintahan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffles" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Raffles">Raffles</a>.</div></div></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsitektur_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Arsitektur Indonesia">Arsitektur Indonesia</a> mencerminkan keanekaragaman <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budaya_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Budaya Indonesia">budaya</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sejarah Indonesia">sejarah</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografi_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Geografi Indonesia">geografi</a> yang membentuk Indonesia seutuhnya. Kaum penyerang, penjajah, penyebar agama, pedagang, dan saudagar membawa perubahan budaya dengan memberi dampak pada gaya dan teknik bangunan. Tradisionalnya, pengaruh arsitektur asing yang paling kuat adalah dari India. Tetapi, Cina, Arab, dan sejak abad ke-19 pengaruh Eropa menjadi cukup dominan.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Ciri khas arsitektur Indonesia kuno masih dapat dilihat melalui rumah-rumah adat dan/atau istana-istana kerajaan dari tiap-tiap provinsi.<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taman_Mini_Indonesia_Indah" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Taman Mini Indonesia Indah">Taman Mini Indonesia Indah</a>, salah satu objek wisata di Jakarta yang menjadi miniatur Indonesia, menampilkan keanekaragaman arsitektur Indonesia itu. Beberapa bangunan khas Indonesia misalnya <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumah_Gadang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Rumah Gadang">Rumah Gadang</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monumen_Nasional" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Monumen Nasional">Monumen Nasional</a>, dan Bangunan Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_Teknologi_Bandung" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Institut Teknologi Bandung">Institut Teknologi Bandung</a>.</div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indonesia&action=edit&section=15" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Olahraga">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Olahraga">Olahraga</span></h3><div class="dablink noprint" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 2em;"><img alt="!" height="20" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/20px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="20" />Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olahraga_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Olahraga Indonesia">Olahraga Indonesia</a></div><div class="thumb tleft" style="background-color: white; clear: left; float: left; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 1.4em; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 152px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Badminton_Beijing_2008_Lu_Lan_vs_Yulianti.jpg&filetimestamp=20090303181931" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="221" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Badminton_Beijing_2008_Lu_Lan_vs_Yulianti.jpg/150px-Badminton_Beijing_2008_Lu_Lan_vs_Yulianti.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="150" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Badminton_Beijing_2008_Lu_Lan_vs_Yulianti.jpg&filetimestamp=20090303181931" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Kristin_Yulianti" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Maria Kristin Yulianti">Maria Kristin Yulianti</a>(merah), peraih <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medali" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Medali">medali</a><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perunggu" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Perunggu">perunggu</a> pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiade_Beijing_2008" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Olimpiade Beijing 2008">Olimpiade Beijing 2008</a>.</div></div></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Olahraga yang paling populer di Indonesia adalah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulu_tangkis" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bulu tangkis">bulu tangkis</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepak_bola" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sepak bola">sepak bola</a>; <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga_Super_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Liga Super Indonesia">Liga Super Indonesia</a> adalah liga klub sepak bola utama di Indonesia. Olahraga tradisional termasuk <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepak_takraw" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sepak takraw">sepak takraw</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karapan_sapi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Karapan sapi">karapan sapi</a> di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Madura" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pulau Madura">Madura</a>. Di wilayah dengan sejarah perang antar suku, kontes pertarungan diadakan, seperti <i>caci</i> di <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flores" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Flores">Flores</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasola" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pasola">pasola</a> di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumba" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sumba">Sumba</a>. <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pencak_silat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pencak silat">Pencak silat</a> adalah seni bela diri yang unik yang berasal dari wilayah Indonesia. Seni bela diri ini kadang-kadang ditampilkan pada acara-acara pertunjukkan yang biasanya diikuti dengan musik tradisional Indonesia berupa <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamelan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gamelan">gamelan</a> dan seni musik tradisional lainnya sesuai dengan daerah asalnya. Olahraga di Indonesia biasanya berorientasi pada pria dan olahraga spektator sering berhubungan dengan judi yang ilegal di Indonesia.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-58" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-58" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[59]</a></sup></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Di ajang kompetisi multi cabang, prestasi atlet-atlet Indonesia tidak terlalu mengesankan. Di Olimpiade, prestasi terbaik Indonesia diraih pada saat <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiade_1992" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Olimpiade 1992">Olimpiade 1992</a>, dimana Indonesia menduduki peringkat 24 dengan meraih 2 emas 2 perak dan 1 perunggu. Pada era 1960 hingga 2000, Indonesia merajai bulu tangkis. Atlet-atlet putra Indonesia seperti <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudi_Hartono" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Rudi Hartono">Rudi Hartono</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liem_Swie_King" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Liem Swie King">Liem Swie King</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icuk_Sugiarto" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Icuk Sugiarto">Icuk Sugiarto</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Budikusuma" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Alan Budikusuma">Alan Budikusuma</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricky_Subagja" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ricky Subagja">Ricky Subagja</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rexy_Mainaky" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Rexy Mainaky">Rexy Mainaky</a> merajai kejuaraan-kejuaraan dunia. Rudi Hartono yang dianggap sebagai maestro bulu tangkis dunia, menjadi juara <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_England" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="All England">All England</a> terbanyak sepanjang sejarah. Selain <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulu_tangkis" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bulu tangkis">bulu tangkis</a>, atlet-atlet tinju Indonesia juga mampu meraih gelar juara dunia, seperti <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elyas_Pical" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Elyas Pical">Elyas Pical</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nico_Thomas" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nico Thomas">Nico Thomas</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-59" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-59" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[60]</a></sup>, dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_John_%28petinju%29" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Chris John (petinju)">Chris John</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-60" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-60" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[61]</a></sup></div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indonesia&action=edit&section=16" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Seni musik">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Seni_musik">Seni musik</span></h3><div class="dablink noprint" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 2em;"><img alt="!" height="20" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/20px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="20" />Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musik_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Musik Indonesia">Musik Indonesia</a></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Seni musik di Indonesia, baik tradisional maupun modern sangat banyak terbentang dari <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sabang">Sabang</a> hingga <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merauke" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Merauke">Merauke</a>. Setiap provinsi di Indonesia memiliki <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musik_tradisional" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Musik tradisional">musik tradisional</a>dengan ciri khasnya tersendiri. Musik tradisional termasuk juga <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keroncong" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Keroncong">keroncong</a> yang berasal dari keturunan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugis" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Portugis">Portugis</a> di daerah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampung_Tugu" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kampung Tugu">Tugu</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakarta" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-61" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-61" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[62]</a></sup> yang dikenal oleh semua rakyat Indonesia bahkan hingga ke mancanegara. Ada juga musik yang merakyat di Indonesia yang dikenal dengan nama <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangdut" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Dangdut">dangdut</a> yaitu musik beraliran Melayu modern yang dipengaruhi oleh musik India sehingga musik dangdut ini sangat berbeda dengan musik tradisional Melayu yang sebenarnya, seperti musik Melayu Deli, Melayu Riau, dan sebagainya.</div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: white; clear: right; float: right; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 252px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Traditional_indonesian_instruments02.jpg&filetimestamp=20051204041301" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="167" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Traditional_indonesian_instruments02.jpg/250px-Traditional_indonesian_instruments02.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="250" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Traditional_indonesian_instruments02.jpg&filetimestamp=20051204041301" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamelan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gamelan">Seperangkat gamelan</a></div></div></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Alat musik tradisional yang merupakan alat musik khas Indonesia memiliki banyak ragam dari pelbagai daerah di Indonesia, namun banyak pula dari alat musik tradisional Indonesia 'dicuri' oleh negara lain<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-62" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-62" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[63]</a></sup> untuk kepentingan penambahan budaya dan seni musiknya sendiri dengan mematenkan hak cipta seni budaya dari Indonesia. <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_alat_musik_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Daftar alat musik Indonesia">Alat musik tradisional Indonesia</a> antara lain meliputi:</div><table class="" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"><tbody>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top" width="25%"><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angklung" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Angklung">Angklung</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Bende</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calung" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Calung">Calung</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Dermenan</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamelan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gamelan">Gamelan</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Gandang Tabuik</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Gendang Bali</li>
</ul></td><td align="left" valign="top" width="25%"><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Gondang Batak</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Gong Kemada</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Gong Lambus</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Jidor</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tembang_Cianjuran" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tembang Cianjuran">Kecapi Suling</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Kulcapi Batak</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Kendang Jawa</li>
</ul></td><td align="left" valign="top" width="25%"><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Kenong</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulintang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kulintang">Kulintang</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebab" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Rebab">Rebab</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebana" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Rebana">Rebana</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saluang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Saluang">Saluang</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saron" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Saron">Saron</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasando" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sasando">Sasando</a></li>
</ul></td><td align="left" valign="top" width="25%"><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serunai" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Serunai">Serunai</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Seurune Kale</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Suling Lembang</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Sulim Batak</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Suling Sunda</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talempong" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Talempong">Talempong</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Tanggetong</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Tifa, dan sebagainya</li>
</ul></td></tr>
</tbody></table><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indonesia&action=edit&section=17" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Boga">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Boga">Boga</span></h3><div class="dablink noprint" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 2em;"><img alt="!" height="20" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/20px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="20" />Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masakan_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Masakan Indonesia">Masakan Indonesia</a></div><div class="thumb tleft" style="background-color: white; clear: left; float: left; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 1.4em; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 252px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:SOTO_FOOD.jpg&filetimestamp=20061212123527" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="188" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/SOTO_FOOD.jpg/250px-SOTO_FOOD.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="250" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:SOTO_FOOD.jpg&filetimestamp=20061212123527" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Beberapa <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masakan_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Masakan Indonesia">makanan Indonesia</a>: <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soto" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Soto">soto</a> ayam, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sate" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sate">sate</a>kerang, telor pindang, perkedel dan es teh manis.</div></div></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masakan_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Masakan Indonesia">Masakan Indonesia</a> bervariasi bergantung pada wilayahnya.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-63" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-63" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[64]</a></sup> Nasi adalah makanan pokok dan dihidangkan dengan lauk daging dan sayur. Bumbu (terutama <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabai" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Cabai">cabai</a>), <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Santan">santan</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ikan">ikan</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayam" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ayam">ayam</a> adalah bahan yang penting.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-64" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-64" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[65]</a></sup></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Sepanjang sejarah, Indonesia telah menjadi tempat perdagangan antara dua benua. Ini menyebabkan terbawanya banyak bumbu, bahan makanan dan teknik memasak dari bangsa <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melayu" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Melayu">Melayu</a> sendiri, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="India">India</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timur_tengah" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Timur tengah">Timur tengah</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tionghoa">Tionghoa</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eropa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Eropa">Eropa</a>. Semua ini bercampur dengan ciri khas makanan Indonesia tradisional, menghasilkan banyak keanekaragaman yang tidak ditemukan di daerah lain. Bahkan bangsa <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanyol" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Spanyol">Spanyol</a> dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugis" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Portugis">Portugis</a>, telah mendahului bangsa <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belanda" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Belanda">Belanda</a> dengan membawa banyak produk dari dunia baru ke Indonesia.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sambal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sambal">Sambal</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sate" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sate">sate</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakso" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bakso">bakso</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soto" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Soto">soto</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasi_goreng" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nasi goreng">nasi goreng</a> merupakan beberapa contoh makanan yang biasa dimakan masyarakat Indonesia setiap hari.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-65" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-65" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[66]</a></sup> Selain disajikan di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warung" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Warung">warung</a> atau <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restoran" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Restoran">restoran</a>, terdapat pula aneka makanan khas Indonesia yang dijual oleh para pedagang keliling menggunakan gerobak atau pikulan. Pedagang ini menyajikan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubur_ayam" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bubur ayam">bubur ayam</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mie_ayam" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mie ayam">mie ayam</a>, mi bakso, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi_goreng" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mi goreng">mi goreng</a>, nasi goreng, aneka macam soto, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siomay" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Siomay">siomay</a>, sate, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasi_uduk" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nasi uduk">nasi uduk</a>, dan lain-lain.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Rumah makan Padang yang menyajikan nasi Padang, yaitu nasi disajikan bersama aneka lauk-pauk <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masakan_Padang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Masakan Padang">Masakan Padang</a>, mudah ditemui di berbagai kota di Indonesia. Selain itu <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warung_Tegal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Warung Tegal">Warung Tegal</a> yang menyajikan masakan Jawa khas Tegal dengan harga yang terjangkau juga tersebar luas. <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasi_rames" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nasi rames">Nasi rames</a> atau<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasi_campur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nasi campur">nasi campur</a> yang berisi nasi beserta lauk atau sayur pilihan dijual di warung nasi di tempat-tempat umum, seperti stasiun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kereta_api" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kereta api">kereta api</a>, pasar, dan terminal bus. Di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daerah_Istimewa_Yogyakarta" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta">Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta</a> dan sekitarnya dikenal <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasi_kucing" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nasi kucing">nasi kucing</a> sebagai nasi rames yang berukuran kecil dengan harga murah, nasi kucing sering dijual di atas angkringan, sejenis warung kaki lima. Penganan kecil semisal kue-kue banyak dijual di pasar tradisional. Kue-kue tersebut biasanya berbahan dasar beras, ketan, ubi kayu, ubi jalar, terigu, atau sagu.</div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indonesia&action=edit&section=18" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Perfilman">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Perfilman">Perfilman</span></h3><div class="dablink noprint" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 2em;"><img alt="!" height="20" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/20px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="20" />Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfilman_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Perfilman Indonesia">Perfilman Indonesia</a></div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: white; clear: right; float: right; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 152px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Tjoet_Nja%27_Dhien.jpg&filetimestamp=20060818165041" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="215" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/e/ed/Tjoet_Nja%27_Dhien.jpg/150px-Tjoet_Nja%27_Dhien.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="150" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Tjoet_Nja%27_Dhien.jpg&filetimestamp=20060818165041" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>Poster film <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjoet_Nja%27_Dhien_%28film%29" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tjoet Nja' Dhien (film)">Tjoet Nja' Dhien</a></i> (1988), film tentang pahlawan nasional Indonesia asal <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aceh" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Aceh">Aceh</a>.</div></div></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Film pertama yang diproduksi pertama kalinya di nusantara adalah film bisu tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1926" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1926">1926</a> yang berjudul <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loetoeng_Kasaroeng" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Loetoeng Kasaroeng">Loetoeng Kasaroeng</a></i> dan dibuat oleh sutradara <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belanda" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Belanda">Belanda</a> G. Kruger dan L. Heuveldorp pada zaman <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindia_Belanda" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Hindia Belanda">Hindia Belanda</a>. Film ini dibuat dengan aktor lokal oleh Perusahaan Film Jawa NV di <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bandung">Bandung</a> dan muncul pertama kalinya pada tanggal<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/31_Desember" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="31 Desember">31 Desember</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1926" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1926">1926</a> di teater Elite and Majestic, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bandung">Bandung</a>. Setelah itu, lebih dari 2.200 film diproduksi. Di masa awal kemerdekaan, sineas-sineas Indonesia belum banyak bermunculan. Di antara sineas yang ada, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usmar_Ismail" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Usmar Ismail">Usmar Ismail</a> merupakan salah satu sutradara paling produktif, dengan film pertamanya <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harta_Karun_%28film%29" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Harta Karun (film)">Harta Karun</a></i> (1949). Namun kemudian film pertama yang secara resmi diakui sebagai film pertama Indonesia sebagai negara berkedaulatan adalah film <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darah_dan_Doa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Darah dan Doa">Darah dan Doa</a></i> (1950) yang disutradarai Usmar Ismail. Dekade 1970 hingga 2000-an, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Arizal">Arizal</a> muncul sebagai sutradara film paling produktif. Tak kurang dari 52 buah film dan 8 judul sinetron dengan 1.196 episode telah dihasilkannya.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Popularitas <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfilman_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Perfilman Indonesia">industri film Indonesia</a> memuncak pada tahun 1980-an dan mendominasi bioskop di Indonesia,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-kompasmovies_66-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-kompasmovies-66" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[67]</a></sup> meskipun kepopulerannya berkurang pada awal tahun 1990-an. Antara tahun 2000 hingga 2005, jumlah film Indonesia yang dirilis setiap tahun meningkat.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-kompasmovies_66-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-kompasmovies-66" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[67]</a></sup> Film <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laskar_Pelangi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Laskar Pelangi">Laskar Pelangi</a> (2008) yang diangkat dari novel karya <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_Hirata" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Andrea Hirata">Andrea Hirata</a>menjadi film dengan pendapatan tertinggi sepanjang sejarah perfilman Indonesia saat ini.</div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indonesia&action=edit&section=19" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Kesusastraan">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Kesusastraan">Kesusastraan</span></h3><div class="dablink noprint" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 2em;"><img alt="!" height="20" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/20px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="20" />Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sastra_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sastra Indonesia">Sastra Indonesia</a></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Bukti tulisan tertua di Indonesia adalah berbagai prasasti berbahasa <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskerta" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sanskerta">Sanskerta</a> pada abad ke-5 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masehi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Masehi">Masehi</a>. Figur penting dalam sastra modern Indonesia termasuk: pengarang Belanda <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multatuli" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Multatuli">Multatuli</a> yang mengkritik perlakuan Belanda terhadap Indonesia selama zaman penjajahan Belanda; <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Yamin" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Muhammad Yamin">Muhammad Yamin</a> dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamka" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Hamka">Hamka</a> yang merupakan penulis dan politikus pra-kemerdekaan;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-67" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-67" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[68]</a></sup> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pramoedya_Ananta_Toer" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pramoedya Ananta Toer">Pramoedya Ananta Toer</a>, pembuat novel Indonesia yang paling terkenal.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-68" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-68" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[69]</a></sup> Selain novel, sastra tulis Indonesia juga berupa puisi, pantun, dan sajak. <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairil_Anwar" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Chairil Anwar">Chairil Anwar</a> merupakan penulis puisi Indonesia yang paling ternama. Banyak orang Indonesia memiliki <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradisi_lisan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tradisi lisan">tradisi lisan</a> yang kuat, yang membantu mendefinisikan dan memelihara identitas budaya mereka.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-UNESCO_Jakarta.2C_Indonesia_69-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-UNESCO_Jakarta.2C_Indonesia-69" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[70]</a></sup> Kebebasan pers di Indonesia meningkat setelah berakhirnya kekuasaan Presiden <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soeharto" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Soeharto">Soeharto</a>. Stasiun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Televisi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Televisi">televisi</a> termasuk sepuluh stasiun televisi swasta nasional, dan jaringan daerah yang bersaing dengan stasiun televisi negeri <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/TVRI" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="TVRI">TVRI</a>. <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stasiun_radio" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Stasiun radio">Stasiun radio</a> swasta menyiarkan berita mereka dan program penyiaran asing. Dilaporkan terdapat 20 juta pengguna internet di Indonesia pada tahun 2007.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-70" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-70" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[71]</a></sup> Penggunaan internet terbatas pada minoritas populasi, diperkirakan sekitar 8.5%.</div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indonesia&action=edit&section=20" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Lingkungan hidup">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Lingkungan_hidup">Lingkungan hidup</span></h2><div class="dablink noprint" style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 2em;"><img alt="!" height="20" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/20px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="20" />Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Flora Indonesia">Flora Indonesia</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Fauna Indonesia">Fauna Indonesia</a></div><div class="thumb tleft" style="background-color: white; clear: left; float: left; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 1.4em; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 252px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Rafflesia_sumatra.jpg&filetimestamp=20070421214221" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="333" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Rafflesia_sumatra.jpg/250px-Rafflesia_sumatra.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="250" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Rafflesia_sumatra.jpg&filetimestamp=20070421214221" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafflesia_arnoldii" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Rafflesia arnoldii">Rafflesia arnoldii</a> bunga terbesar di dunia, diameternya mencapai 1,3 meter.</div></div></div><div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: white; clear: right; float: right; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 252px;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Varanus_komodoensis6.jpg&filetimestamp=20060122213129" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="188" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Varanus_komodoensis6.jpg/250px-Varanus_komodoensis6.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="250" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;"><a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Varanus_komodoensis6.jpg&filetimestamp=20060122213129" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komodo" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Komodo">Komodo</a>, hewan reptil langka khas dari <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusa_Tenggara" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nusa Tenggara">Nusa Tenggara</a>.</div></div></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Wilayah Indonesia memiliki keanekaragaman makhluk hidup yang tinggi sehingga oleh beberapa pihak wilayah ekologi Indonesia disebut dengan istilah "<i>Mega biodiversity</i>" atau "keanekaragaman mahluk hidup yang tinggi"<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-71" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-71" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[72]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-72" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-72" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[73]</a></sup> umumnya dikenal sebagai <i>Indomalaya</i> atau <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Malesia">Malesia</a> bedasarkan penelitian bahwa 10 persen tumbuhan, 12 persen mamalia, 16 persen reptil, 17 persen burung, 25 persen ikan yang ada di dunia hidup di Indonesia, padahal luas Indonesia hanya 1,3 % dari luas Bumi. Kekayaan makhluk hidup Indonesia menduduki peringkat ketiga setelah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brasil" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Brasil">Brasil</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Demokratik_Kongo" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Republik Demokratik Kongo">Republik Demokratik Kongo</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-73" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-73" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[74]</a></sup></div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">Meskipun demikian, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a> pada 2008 pernah mencatat rekor Indonesia sebagai negara yang paling kencang laju kerusakan hutannya di dunia. Setiap tahun Indonesia kehilangan hutan seluas 1,8 juta hektar. Kerusakan yang terjadi di daerah hulu (hutan) juga turut merusak kawasan di daerah hilir (pesisir).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-74" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-74" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[75]</a></sup> Menurut catatan <i>Down The Earth</i>, proyek <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Development_Bank" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Asian Development Bank">Asian Development Bank</a> (ADB) di sektor kelautan Indonesia telah memicu terjadinya alih fungsi secara besar-besaran hutan bakau menjadi kawasan pertambakan. Padahal hutan bakau, selain berfungsi melindungi pantai dari abrasi, merupakan habitat yang baik bagi berbagai jenis ikan. Kehancuran hutan bakau tersebut mengakibatkan nelayan harus mencari ikan dengan jarak semakin jauh dan menambah biaya operasional mereka dalam mencari ikan. Selain itu, hancurnya hutan bakau juga mengakibatkan semakin rentannya kawasan pesisir Indonesia terhadap terjangan air pasang laut dan banjir, terlebih di musim hujan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-75" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-75" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[76]</a></sup></div><div style="background-color: white; clear: both; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></div><h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;"><span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indonesia&action=edit&section=21" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat Pula">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Lihat_Pula">Lihat Pula</span></h2>Intan Andhikahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04468021386331397875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7306587035043214014.post-87142929986728009062011-12-15T19:48:00.000-08:002011-12-15T19:48:50.857-08:00Boneka Danbo<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">DANBO, </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Boneka Kardus Yang Punya Jiwa, Dijamin Gemez PIC mengharukan</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;">pengen share ttg boneka yg satu ini nih, sebenernya udah lumayan lama diciptain o/ pemiliknya... liat aja tuh bentuknya kardus unik simple</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">DANBO adalah kependekan dari Danboard, dibuat dari kertas karton board. Boneka ini adalah kreasi dari Azuma Kiyohiko seorang komikus serial manga Yotsuba. Bentuk boneka ini sangat unik, yaitu action figure dengan penampilan seperti manusia dengan ukuran mini 7 cm dan 13 cm. Siapa pun pasti akan merasa gemas ketika melihat si Danbo ini. Bagaimana tiak DANBO dapat digerakkan secara manual dan dibentuk dengan berbagai macam gaya unik. Perusahaan yang membuatnya menggunakan teknologi tinggi disetiap persendiaan boneka ini sehingga membuatnya mampu bergerak lues. Ekspresi dari si kardus imut ini menjadi daya tarik utama . Danbo sendiri di jepang dijual dengan harga mulai dari </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">5000 yen atau sekitar</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;"><span style="font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">Rp. 500.000 </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">rupiah per bijinya. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;">Dalam serial manganya danbo mungil ini dapat bergerak ketika ada koin yang dimasukan kedalam mulutnya. Anda tertarik memilikinya? Saat ini boneka kardus ini bisa dipesan Online di Amazon.jp.</span></span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #b9b9b9; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></span><br />
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3d85c6;"><br /></span></span></b>Intan Andhikahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04468021386331397875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7306587035043214014.post-58717702181651666222011-12-03T00:18:00.001-08:002011-12-03T01:12:35.813-08:00Jangan Kau Lupa<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<img src="http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSPM4YbSnQnwIBn46RBrixOnolDidgRmNUYiIX_ao0w1lndkjjoyEmKpBvqLg" /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cipt. Intan Andhika Fitr</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">i</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dahulu kita jalani semua bersama</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Banyak kenangan indah yang takkan terlupa</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dan akan ku ukir kisah itu selamanya</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sampai akhir ku menutup mata</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Kini
hanya satu yang kupinta</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Jangan pernah
kau lupa</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tentang aku dan kau</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Yang selalu ada bersama</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mungikn kita akan bertemu lagi</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Di masa yang tak ku mengerti</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Namun satu hal yang pasti</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kau yang selalu di hatiku</span></span></div>Intan Andhikahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04468021386331397875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7306587035043214014.post-13655670834679791492011-11-29T04:16:00.001-08:002011-11-29T04:22:03.750-08:00Biografi Jimmy Wales - Pendiri Wikipedia<br />
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0huaADnHoyNgEKujiXwJmUojPdKFVkzCYlgCoxmcBgErnCVvxYY3M2vUHfyHuvQsp3rRFw98JktAY3GmnM7cSXCOi_p_QzRJ4-LG31gOCK-sGqevehngUq9DrIpwSf1KnKoDpbBqRhU5c/s200/dwro06.jpg" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: -webkit-auto;" />Jimmy Donal "Jimbo" Wales </span>atau <span style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Jimmy Wales</span> lahir di Huntsville, Alabama, Amerika Serikat, 7 Agustus 1966, Ayahnya adalah manajer toko kelontong, sementara ibunya, (Doris) dan neneknya (Erma) mengurus suatu sekolah swasta kecil yang berupa "sekolah tradisional dengan satu ruang kelas". tempat Wales bersekolah. Karena jumlah murid yang sekelas dengannya selalu hanya empat anak, pihak sekolah menyatukan murid-murid kelas satu hingga kelas empat, dan kelas lima hingga kelas delapan.</div>
<div class="fullpost" style="background-color: white; display: inline; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" />Setelah lulus kelas delapan, Wales masuk Randolph School, suatu sekolah persiapan untuk masuk perguruan tinggi, yang merupakan pendukung awal gerakan penggunaan laboratorium komputer dan fasilitas teknologi lainnya untuk digunakan oleh para siswa. Wales mengatakan bahwa biaya bersekolah di sana terlalu mahal untuk keluarganya, tetapi pendidikan dianggap penting. "Keluarga saya selalu mementingkan pendidikan … suatu pendekatan yang sangat tradisional terhadap pendidikan sebagai landasan kehidupan yang baik." Ia menerima gelar sarjana dalam bidang keuangan dari universias Auburn dan melanjutkan pendidikannya di bidang keuangan pada universitas Alabama dan memperoleh gelar master dalam bidang keuangan. Setelah itu, ia mengikuti pendidikan doktoral di Universitas Indiana. Selama menjadi mahasiswa pasca-sarjana, ia mengajar di kedua universitas itu, tetapi ia tidak mengerjakan disertasi yang dibutuhkan untuk memperoleh gelar Ph.D.<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" />Sejak 1994 hingga 2000, Wales bekerja sebagai direktur riset di Chicago Options Associates, suatu perusahan pialang bursa berjangka dan option di Chicago. Menurut Daniel Pink dari majalah Wired, dengan melakukan "spekulasi tingkat bunga dan mata uang asing" ia segera bisa mengumpulkan cukup uang untuk "membiayai dirinya sendiri dan istri selama hidup". Pada 1996, ia mendirikan situs portal pencari yang bernama Bomis, yang juga menjual hal-hal yang bersifat erotis hingga pertengahan 2005. Pada September 2005 ia diwawancarai oleh stasiun televisi kabel C-SPAN tentang keterlibatannya di masa lalu terhadap hal itu, yang disebut oleh Brian Lamb, si pewawancara, sebagai "gambar-gambar porno". Wales menjawab dengan menggambarkan Bomis sebagai "situs mesin pencari untuk pria", dengan target pasar yang serupa dengan Majalah Maxim.<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><a href="http://visionarymarketing.files.wordpress.com/2007/04/jimmywales.jpg" style="color: #2255aa; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="jimmy wales, penemu, wikipedia, biografi, pengusaha" border="0" src="http://visionarymarketing.files.wordpress.com/2007/04/jimmywales.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 235px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center; width: 360px;" /></a><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" />Dalam wawancara dengan website majalah online Wired News, ia juga menjelaskan bahwa ia menentang pengelompokkan Bomis ke dalam kelompok "pornografi soft-core": "Jika film-film dengan rating R dikelompokkan ke dalam pornografi softcore, film itu memang porno. Dengan kata lain, tidak, Bomis tidak porno." Wales sudah tidak lagi terlibat secara aktif pada perusahaan itu. Pada Maret 2000, ia mendirikan ensiklopedia yang bisa disunting oleh khalayak ramai namun di awasi oleh orang-orang terkemuka di bidangnya masing-masing, yaitu <span style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Nupedia.com</span> ("ensiklopedia bebas"), dan mempekerjakan Larry Sanger sebagai editor-in-chief.<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" />Larry Sanger mengajukan proposal untuk membuat ensiklopedia menggunakan piranti lunak wiki pada 10 Januari 2001, dan Wales berusaha untuk mewujudkannya, dan meluncurkannya pada 15 Januari 2001. ketika itu, <span style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Wikipedia</span> adalah situs berbasis wiki sebagai fasilitas untuk membuat isi awal ensiklopedia yang dikerjakan oleh khalayak ramai untuk diperiksa oleh para ahli dan kemudian dimasukkan ke Nupedia, tetapi perkembangan Wikipedia yang begitu cepat menjadikannya sebagai proyek yang lebih berkembang dan Nupedia menjadi terbengkalai. Sanger mengundurkan diri dari proyek ini pada 2002.<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" />Pada pertengahan 2003, Wales mendirikan <span style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Yayasan Wikimedia</span>, perusahaan nirlaba yang berpusat di St. Petersburg, untuk mendukung Wikipedia dan proyek-proyek serupa lainnya. Ia menunjuk dirinya sendiri dan dua orang rekan bisnisnya yang bukan Wikipedian aktif menjadi anggota dewan direksi yang terdiri atas lima orang; dua orang anggota lainnya adalah wakil komunitas terpilih. Menurut Daniel H. Pink dari majalah Wired, hingga 2004 Wales telah menghabiskan lebih kurang US$500.000 untuk mendirikan dan mengoperasikan proyek-proyek Wiki-nya, hampir seluruhnya berasal dari sakunya sendiri. Pada akhir pengumpulan dana pada Februari 2005, Yayasan Wikimedia telah didukung sepenuhnya oleh sumbangan dan hadiah. Wales menjadi semakin terlibat dengan mempromosikan dan berbicara mengenai proyek-proyek <span style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Wikimedia</span>, dan untuk melakukannya, ia mengunjungi konferensi-konferensi dan pertemuan-pertemuan, seperti "Wikimeets" dan Wikimania.<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZcPaX5d0W6cdQeLxTgpb7JqEvCtbuREtY1d7Ne-hxyxibNodKDlEk39MsTYuno7z1MGesUgKSXLOsZF9fjy6G1qb1u7M3D4hZdQ7WRhECjjMaashqpElp3RG2K047hdomAXYUz41nlyQ/s1600/dwro06.jpg" style="color: #2255aa; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="jimmy wales, penemu, wikipedia, biografi, pengusaha" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZcPaX5d0W6cdQeLxTgpb7JqEvCtbuREtY1d7Ne-hxyxibNodKDlEk39MsTYuno7z1MGesUgKSXLOsZF9fjy6G1qb1u7M3D4hZdQ7WRhECjjMaashqpElp3RG2K047hdomAXYUz41nlyQ/s1600/dwro06.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 269px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center; width: 336px;" /></a><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" />Wales seringkali menjelaskan tujuan-tujuannya akan <span style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Wikipedia</span>. Dalam wawancara dengan situs web Slashdot, Ia mengatakan, "Bayangkanlah suatu dunia yang setiap orangnya bisa memperoleh akses gratis ke seluruh ilmu pengetahuan yang ada. Itulah yang kami kerjakan." Pada akhir 2005, Wales dikritik karena menyunting biografinya sendiri dengan cara yang disebut oleh beberapa orang sebagai "sejarah revisionis." Secara khusus, Rogers Cadenhead menarik perhatian orang kepada file log yang menunjukkan bahwa Mr. Wales telah menghapus rujukan tentang Sanger sebagai co-founder Wikipedia. Ia juga diketahui telah mengubah rujukan Bomis dengan cara yang disebut sebagai mengurangi unsur seksualitas dari beberapa produk perusahaannya yang terdahulu. Pada kedua kasus itu, Wales berpendapat bahwa pengubahan yang dilakukannya semata-mata untuk membuat isinya menjadi lebih akurat. Wales menjelaskan bahwa Sanger adalah pegawainya, dan ia selalu menganggap dirinya sebagai satu-satunya <span style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">pendiri Wikipedia</span>.<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" />Pada 2006, Wales mengatakan kepada surat kabar Boston Globe bahwa "tak masuk akal" untuk menyebut Sanger sebagai co-founder. Namun, Sanger menolak hal ini dengan keras. Ia sudah dikenal sebagai co-founder Wikipedia setidak-tidaknya semenjak September 2001 dan menyebut dirinya sendiri demikian setidak-tidaknya semenjak Januari 2002. Setelah peristiwa itu, Wales meminta maaf karena telah mengubah artikel tentang biografinya sendiri (tindakan yang kurang disukai di Wikipedia). Wales mengatakan pada wawancara di majalah Wired, "Seharusnya tidak dilakukan, saya sendiri pun seharusnya tidak. Saya menyesal telah melakukannya."Namun, ia tetap bersikeras bahwa ia adalah satu-satunya <span style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">pendiri Wikipedia</span>.<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" />Menurut selebaran pers yang dikeluarkan oleh Wikia, Wikia (sebelumnya dikenal sebagai Wikicities) adalah wiki hosting service yang didirikan pada Oktober 2004 oleh Jimmy Wales dan Angela Beesley. Wikia adalah sekumpulan situs wiki yang berbasis piranti lunak MediaWiki dan dioperasikan oleh Wikia, Inc. yang ditujukan untuk berbagai komunitas. Situs wiki itu gratis bagi para pengunjung dan penyunting, dan penghasilannya berasal dari iklan. Setelah berganti nama, Wikia mengumumkan bahwa perusahaan itu telah menerima dana sebesar US$4 juta dalam bentuk modal gabungan dari sekelompok pemodal. "Para pemodal sangat tertarik terhadap perusahaan ini, dan masalahnya hanya memilih siapa pemodal yang akan diajak bekerjasama untuk memastikan bahwa orang-orang yang menjadi pemodaladalah orang-orang yang memiliki keyakinan yang sama terhadap misi kami," kata Wales, yang mengoperasikan Wikipedia dan Wikia secara terpisah dari kantornya di St. Petersburg, demikian laporan Tempa Bay Business Journal.<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuYNZxEDaIC5m1O1b5hZkqwEh7QwkxtDs0H83L5S_yNndw-lax1DUVKLaxRhyt5rV40fsQxJCZxxEYVCg6U-1EAUOGjuzy9XheyzbGyh0QKSKFOWSqgp8PNVVrB6K5fTcVg1dxIh8zjyc/s1600/wiki-founder-jimmy-wales.jpg" style="color: #2255aa; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="jimmy wales, penemu, wikipedia, biografi, pengusaha" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuYNZxEDaIC5m1O1b5hZkqwEh7QwkxtDs0H83L5S_yNndw-lax1DUVKLaxRhyt5rV40fsQxJCZxxEYVCg6U-1EAUOGjuzy9XheyzbGyh0QKSKFOWSqgp8PNVVrB6K5fTcVg1dxIh8zjyc/s1600/wiki-founder-jimmy-wales.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 263px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center; width: 375px;" /></a><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" />Wales ditunjuk menjadi anggota Berkman Center for Internet and Society di Harvard Law School pada 2005. Menurut selebaran pers yang dikeluarkan oleh SocialText, pada 31 Oktober 2005, Wales bergabung dengan dewan direksi Socialtext, suatu perusahaan pengembang teknologi wiki untuk bisnis. Pada 2006, ia bergabung dengan dewan direksi Creative Commons, suatu organisasi nirlaba. Wales menerima gelar kehormatan dari Knox College pada 3 Juni 2006. Yayasan Electronic Frontier memberikan penghargaan Pioneer Award kepadanya pada 3 Mei 2006. Wales adalah orang pertama yang dimasukkan dalam daftar "Scientists & Thinkers" pada majalah Time edisi khusus tanggal 8 Mei 2006 ("Riwayat hidup dan gagasan-gagasan orang-orang paling berpengaruh di dunia"), daftar pemilihan 100 orang terkemuka 2006 pada majalah Time.<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" />Referensi ;<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" />- http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Wales</div>Intan Andhikahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04468021386331397875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7306587035043214014.post-57106672770971245932011-11-29T04:08:00.001-08:002011-11-29T04:23:42.667-08:00Biografi Marcopolo - Penjelajah Dunia<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><img src="http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTzXppk5KaFDDEi6rB_ncaWCsigESWq_H8UvEncBzdn5jbcQZ69q3dk67g" style="font-weight: normal;" />Marco Polo</span> lahir 15 September 1254 di Venesia, Italia, dia merupakan seorang penjelajah dan pedagang berkebangsaan Eropa yang memiliki kisah petualangan yang mengesankan. Kisah petualangan <span style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Marco Polo</span>begitu terkenal karena gambaran <span style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Marco Polo</span> akan tempat-tempat yang ia singgahi begitu memikat. <span style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Marco Polo</span> memulai perjalanannya ketika ia berusia 17 tahun. Ketika itu ia melakukan perjalanan bersama dengan ayahnya, Niccolo dan pamannya, Maffeo. Mereka merupakan orang barat pertama yang melakukan perjalanan ke Jalur Sutera ke Cina dan mengunjungi<span style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><a href="http://kolom-biografi.blogspot.com/2011/11/biografi-kubilai-khan-sang-penguasa.html" style="color: #2255aa; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Kublai Khan</a></span>. <span style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Marco Polo</span> kemudian mencatat perjalanannya dalam sebuah buku <span style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Il Milione</span>.</div>
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Buku Il Milione, Buku inilah yang mencuatkan namanya. Dari Venesia, Marco polo melanjutkan perjalanannya ke Irak, Iran, Afghanistan, menyusuri Jalur Sutera ke China, dan kembali ke Venesia melalui Indonesia, Sri Lanka, dan India. Semua tempat yang ia kunjungi berikut masyarakat dan budayanya diabadikan oleh Marco Polo.<br />
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Berkat perjalanannya itu, maka terbukalah rute dagang antara Eropa ke Asia yang sebelumnya pada masa itu masih dianggap berbahaya dan uncharted, alias belum terpetakan. Berkat Marco Polo pula, kerajaan-kerajaan di Eropa mendapat informasi detil yang sangat berharga mengenai Asia. Salah satu pencapaian Marco Polo adalah ketika dia berhasil diterima dengan baik oleh <span style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><a href="http://kolom-biografi.blogspot.com/2011/11/biografi-kubilai-khan-sang-penguasa.html" style="color: #2255aa; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Kubilai Khan</a></span> di Cina, bahkan menurut beberapa sumber, dia bahkan dianugerahi sebuah jabatan oleh Khan dalam pemerintahannya.<br />
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Selain itu, Marco Polo tercatat pernah melakukan perjalanan hingga ke wilayah India. Perjalanannya itu dituangkan oleh Marco Polo dalam “<span style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The Travels</span>”, kumpulan catatan perjalanannya ke Asia. Dibanding sebuah buku yang memang ditulis dan dipersiapkan dengan baik, “The Travels” lebih merupakan kompilasi jurnal-jurnal Marco Polo yang (menurut beberapa kritikus) kurang terorganisir dengan baik dan cenderung sangat subyektif sifatnya. Adalah Laurence Bergreen, penulis Amerika yang pernah memenangkan penghargaan, serta penulis beberapa buku best selling, seperti Magellan, Al Capone, Irving Berlin dan Louis Armstrong (dua yang terakhir adalah musisi kenamaan), mencoba menulis sebuah biografi Marco Polo berdasarkan data langsung dari buku “The Travels”.<br />
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<a href="http://myhero.com/images/guest/g214989/hero54829/g214989_u60869_marco_polo_route.jpg" style="color: #2255aa; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="marco polo, penjelajah, biografi" border="0" src="http://myhero.com/images/guest/g214989/hero54829/g214989_u60869_marco_polo_route.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 233px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; width: 416px;" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Rute Marco Polo</span></div>
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Salah satu kisah Marco Polo yang menarik untuk bangsa Indonesia adalah cerita tentang unicorn atau kuda bertanduk satu yang menurutnya dijumpainya di pulau Sumatra. Tetapi, ilmu pengetahuan membuktikan bahwa yang ditemukan Marco Polo itu bukanlah unicorn melainkan badak Sumatra.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Beberapa nama tempat di Indonesia yang disebutkan dalam buku perjalanan Marco Polo, antara lain:</span><br />
<ul style="list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<li style="list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 17px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pulau Jawa Besar (pulau Jawa); diperkirakan sangat luas karena pantai selatannya tidak sempat dikunjungi oleh Marco Polo. Juga diceritakan mengenai ekspedisi penyerangan Kubilai Khan ke Jawa dan kegagalannya.</li>
<li style="list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 17px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pulau-pulau Sondur dan Condur diperkirakan merupakan pulau-pulau kecil di Laut Cina Selatan yang pernah digunakan sebagai patokan pelayaran.</li>
<li style="list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 17px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pulau Pentam (pulau Bintan) disebutkan mengenai letak pulau ini dari selat Singapura</li>
<li style="list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 17px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Kota Malaiur (Melayu, atau Palembang) diceritakan pula tentang raja-raja Melayu, diantaranya adalah Paramasura.</li>
<li style="list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 17px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pulau Jawa Kecil (pulau Sumatra) diperkirakan sebutan untuk Sumatra, karena ciri-ciri komoditas dan hewan (gajah, badak, elang hitam) yang disebutkannya.</li>
<li style="list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 17px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Kerajaan-kerajaan Ferlec (Perlak) dan Basman diceritakan tentang beberapa kerajaan bertetangga dan keberadaan suku Battas (Batak) di pedalaman.</li>
<li style="list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 17px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Kerajaan-kerajaan Samara (Samudra) dan Dagroian disebutkan mengenai pohon kelapa (palem Melayu) dan legenda kanibalisme famili yang meninggal.</li>
<li style="list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 17px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Kerajaan-kerajaan Lambri (Lamuri) dan Fansur (Barus); disebutkan mengenai legenda manusia berbulu dan berekor (orangutan), kapur barus, dan sagu kelapa.</li>
</ul>
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Tiga tahun setelah kembali ke Venesia, saat itu perang berkecamuk antara Venesia dan Genoa. Marco Polo yang saat itu berusia 42 tahun ditunjuk otoritas Venesia sebagai salah satu komandan strategi armada perang. Namun pada 1296, Genoa berhasil menaklukkan Venesia. Dalam perang yang dilatarbelakangi dominasi jalur perdagangan laut itu serdadu Genoa menangkap Marco Polo dan mentransfernya ke salah satu kamp penjara di Genoa. Di dalam penjara, Marco Polo menghabiskan waktu dengan mencatat ulang kisah perjalanan hidupnya selama di daratan Tiongkok. Ia lalu bertemu dengan seorang penulis terkenal di zamannya, yaitu Rustichello of Pisa. Melalui Rustichello-lah ia bertutur dan menyerahkan sebagian catatannya. Rustichello tertarik dengan kisah-kisah perjalanan Marco Polo.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3h6wntJjzwTbDQOdltLex3du3UOwS7E3OcgiLQOlzDPlZOtn4HVhSPKCClSISr63SugkrSN900BnUM0oRQOQu7pNc3gO3yTMdXwJdUPtKo5dlE1uYou74fBLZieAYxck8fujBKVKd9U0/s1600/marco-polo-mosaic_11363_600x450.jpg" style="color: #2255aa; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="marco polo, penjelajah, biografi" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3h6wntJjzwTbDQOdltLex3du3UOwS7E3OcgiLQOlzDPlZOtn4HVhSPKCClSISr63SugkrSN900BnUM0oRQOQu7pNc3gO3yTMdXwJdUPtKo5dlE1uYou74fBLZieAYxck8fujBKVKd9U0/s1600/marco-polo-mosaic_11363_600x450.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 269px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center; width: 368px;" /></a><br />
Kemudian ia menulis ulang semua kisah Marco Polo. Ia menerjemahkan deskripsi Marco Polo dalam bahasa Prancis Tua (standar penulisan Itali masa itu). Setelah bekerja selama dua tahun, Rustichello mempublikasikan kisah perjalanan Marco Polo dalam sebuah buku yang diterbitkan tahun 1298. Buku ini kemudian dikenal sebagai <span style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Description of the World</span> yang menggemparkan literatur Eropa. Dalam buku ini diuraikan mengenai kejayaan dan kemajuan yang dicapai kerajaan Tiongkok pada masa pemerintahan <span style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><a href="http://kolom-biografi.blogspot.com/2011/11/biografi-kubilai-khan-sang-penguasa.html" style="color: #2255aa; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Kublai Khan</a></span>. Dijelaskan bahwa kota-kota di daratan Tiongkok sudah demikian maju dan punya arsitektur yang cukup modern di masanya. Beberapa hal yang belun diketahui di dunia barat, diuraikan detail dalam buku tersebut. Kebudayaan dan kebiasaan masyarakat Tiongkok yang maju itu membuat banyak orang Eropa yang menganggap kisah Marco Polo itu hanya bualan. Apalagi setelah mengetahui di Tiongkok sudah digunakan uang kertas, padahal di Eropa masih menggunakan koin logam, perak dan emas.<br />
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Walau ditentang dan dianggap berdusta atas informasi tak masuk akal, tulisan dalam Description of the World ternyata mempengaruhi para penjelajah Eropa untuk menguak kebenaran kisah tersebut. Dari sinilah mata Barat terbuka untuk menjelajah ke dunia Timur yang mereka anggap masih barbar dan sangat primitif. Sampai ujung hayatnya di tahun 1324, Marco Polo yang diminta salah satu Pastor untuk mengaku dosa atas pandangannya terhadap timur justru berucap bahwa apa yang dituturkannya dalam buku Description of The World hanyalah sebagian kecil dari pengalamannya di wilayah Timur (Tiongkok dan sekitarnya). Para penjelajah setelah meninggalnya Marco Polo justru membuat laporan bahwa kisah Marco Polo adalah benar. Apa yang kemudian ditemukan orang Eropa di Timur sungguh mengejutkan bahwa peradaban di Timur memang sudah maju sesuai gambaran Marco Polo.<br />
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Pada tanggal 8 Januari 1324 Marco polo meninggal dunia di venesia, Italia dan di makamkan di gereja san lorenzo, yang merupakan tempat peristirahatan terakhirnya dan menandai akhir petualangan hidupnya sebagai seorang penjelajah dunia.<br />
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Referensi :<br />
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- http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Polo<br />
- http://www.kaskus.us/showthread.php?p=204383441<br />
- http://www.fotografer.net/isi/artikel/lihat.php?id=997</div>Intan Andhikahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04468021386331397875noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7306587035043214014.post-61563215033873007012011-11-25T03:31:00.001-08:002011-11-25T03:40:37.333-08:00Pulau Komodo<br />
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Pulau Komodo</h1>
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<table cellspacing="5" class="infobox vcard" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f9f9f9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: right; color: black; float: right; font-size: 11px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; width: 22em;"><caption class="fn org" style="font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold;">Komodo</caption><tbody>
<tr class=""><td class="" colspan="2" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Komodo_Island_2009.jpg&filetimestamp=20100211014719" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="Komodo Island 2009.jpg" height="149" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Komodo_Island_2009.jpg/220px-Komodo_Island_2009.jpg" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a></td></tr>
<tr class=""><td class="" colspan="2" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:ID_-_Komodo.PNG&filetimestamp=20061010182011" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" height="149" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/ID_-_Komodo.PNG/220px-ID_-_Komodo.PNG" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color: #cef2e0; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;">Geografi</th></tr>
<tr class=""><th style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;">Lokasi</th><td class="" style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Tenggara" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Asia Tenggara">Asia Tenggara</a></td></tr>
<tr class=""><th style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;">Koordinat</th><td class="" style="vertical-align: top;"><span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><img alt="" class="noprint" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/WMA_button2b.png/17px-WMA_button2b.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; cursor: pointer; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" title="Tunjukkan letak di peta interaktif" /><a class="external text" href="http://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?language=id&pagename=Pulau_Komodo&params=8.55_S_119.45_E_region:ID_type:isle" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none; white-space: normal;">8.55° S 119.45° E</a></span></span><span class="plainlinksneverexpand" id="coordinates" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; float: right; font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0em; margin-left: 0em; margin-right: 0em; margin-top: 0em; padding-bottom: 0em; padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; padding-top: 0em; position: absolute; right: 0em; text-align: right; top: 0em; white-space: nowrap; z-index: 1;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_koordinat_geografi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sistem koordinat geografi">Koordinat</a>: <img alt="" class="noprint" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/WMA_button2b.png/17px-WMA_button2b.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; cursor: pointer; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" title="Tunjukkan letak di peta interaktif" /><a class="external text" href="http://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?language=id&pagename=Pulau_Komodo&params=8.55_S_119.45_E_region:ID_type:isle" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">8.55° S 119.45° E</a></span></td></tr>
<tr class=""><th style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;">Kepulauan</th><td class="note" style="vertical-align: top;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepulauan_Sunda_Kecil" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kepulauan Sunda Kecil">Kepulauan Sunda Kecil</a></td></tr>
<tr class=""><th style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;">Luas</th><td class="" style="vertical-align: top;">390 km²</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color: #cef2e0; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;">Negara</th></tr>
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<b>Indonesia</b></div>
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<tr class=""><th style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;">Provinsi</th><td class="" style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusa_Tenggara_Timur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nusa Tenggara Timur">Nusa Tenggara Timur</a></td></tr>
<tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color: #cef2e0; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;">Demografi</th></tr>
<tr class=""><th style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;">Populasi</th><td class="" style="vertical-align: top;">perkiraan 2000</td></tr>
<tr class=""><th style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;">Kelompok etnik</th><td class="" style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugis" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bugis">Bugis</a>, dll</td></tr>
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<b>Pulau Komodo</b> adalah sebuah pulau yang terletak di Kepulauan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusa_Tenggara" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nusa Tenggara">Nusa Tenggara</a>. Pulau Komodo dikenal sebagai habitat asli hewan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komodo" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Komodo">komodo</a>. Pulau ini juga merupakan kawasan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taman_Nasional_Komodo" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Taman Nasional Komodo">Taman Nasional Komodo</a> yang dikelola oleh Pemerintah Pusat. Pulau Komodo berada di sebelah timur <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Sumbawa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pulau Sumbawa">Pulau Sumbawa</a>, yang dipisahkan oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selat_Sape" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Selat Sape">Selat Sape</a>.</div>
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Secara administratif, pulau ini termasuk wilayah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komodo,_Manggarai_Barat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Komodo, Manggarai Barat">Kecamatan Komodo</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten_Manggarai_Barat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kabupaten Manggarai Barat">Kabupaten Manggarai Barat</a>, Provinsi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusa_Tenggara_Timur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nusa Tenggara Timur">Nusa Tenggara Timur</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>. Pulau Komodo merupakan ujung paling barat Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur, berbatasan dengan Provinsi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusa_Tenggara_Barat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nusa Tenggara Barat">Nusa Tenggara Barat</a>.</div>
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Di Pulau Komodo, hewan komodo hidup dan berkembang biak dengan baik. Hingga Agustus 2009, di pulau ini terdapat sekitar 1300 ekor komodo. Ditambah dengan pulau lain, seperti <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Rinca" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pulau Rinca">Pulau Rinca</a> dan dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gili_Motang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gili Motang">Gili Motang</a>, jumlah mereka keseluruhan mencapai sekitar 2500 ekor. Ada pula sekitar 100 ekor komodo di <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cagar_Alam_Wae_Wuul&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Cagar Alam Wae Wuul (halaman belum tersedia)">Cagar Alam Wae Wuul</a> di daratan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Flores" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pulau Flores">Pulau Flores</a> tapi tidak termasuk wilayah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taman_Nasional_Komodo" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Taman Nasional Komodo">Taman Nasional Komodo</a>.</div>
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Selain komodo, pulau ini juga menyimpan eksotisme flora yang beragam <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kayu_sepang&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Kayu sepang (halaman belum tersedia)">kayu sepang</a> yang oleh warga sekitar digunakan sebagi obat dan bahan pewarna pakaian, pohon nitak ini atau <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sterculia_oblongata&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Sterculia oblongata (halaman belum tersedia)">sterculia oblongata</a> di yakini berguna sebagai obat dan bijinya gurih dan enak seperti kacang polong.</div>
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<span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulau_Komodo&action=edit&section=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Sejarah">Sejarah</span></h2>
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Pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1910" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1910">1910</a> orang Belanda menamai pulau di sisi selatan Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur ini dengan julukan Pulau Komodo. Cerita ini berawal dari Letnan <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steyn_van_Hens_Broek&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Steyn van Hens Broek (halaman belum tersedia)">Steyn van Hens Broek</a> yang mencoba membuktikan laporan pasukan Belanda tentang adanya hewan besar menyerupai naga di pulau tersebut. Steyn lantas membunuh seekor komodo tersebut dan membawa dokumentasinya ke <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Museum_and_Botanical_Garden&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Museum and Botanical Garden (halaman belum tersedia)">Museum and Botanical Garden</a> di <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogor" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bogor">Bogor</a> untuk diteliti.</div>
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Tahun 2009, Taman Nasional Komodo dinobatkan menjadi finalis "New Seven Wonders of Nature" yang baru diumumkan pada tahun 2010 melalui voting secara online di www.N7W.com.Pada tanggal 11 November 2011, New 7 Wonders telah mengumumkan pemenang sementara, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taman_Nasional_Komodo" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Taman Nasional Komodo">Taman Nasional Komodo</a> masuk kedalam jajaran pemenang tersebut bersama dengan, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutan_Amazon" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Hutan Amazon">Hutan Amazon</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teluk_Halong" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Teluk Halong">Teluk Halong</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Terjun_Iguazu" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Air Terjun Iguazu">Air Terjun Iguazu</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Jeju" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pulau Jeju">Pulau Jeju</a>, <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sungai_Bawah_Tanah_Puerto_Princesa&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Sungai Bawah Tanah Puerto Princesa (halaman belum tersedia)">Sungai Bawah Tanah Puerto Princesa</a>, dan <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Table_Mountain&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Table Mountain (halaman belum tersedia)">Table Mountain</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Komodo#cite_note-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[1]</a></sup>. <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taman_Nasional_Komodo" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Taman Nasional Komodo">Taman Nasional Komodo</a> mendapatkan suara terbanyak <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Komodo#cite_note-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[2]</a></sup>.</div>
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</div>Intan Andhikahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04468021386331397875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7306587035043214014.post-70916533547513286432011-11-25T03:22:00.001-08:002011-11-25T03:25:24.668-08:00Borobudur<br />
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Borobudur</h1>
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Untuk artikel tentang <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kecamatan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kecamatan">kecamatan</a> dengan nama sama, lihat <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur,_Magelang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Borobudur, Magelang">Borobudur, Magelang</a>.</div>
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<tr><td class="fn org" colspan="2" style="font-size: larger; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;"><b>Borobudur</b></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Stupa_Borobudur.jpg&filetimestamp=20091215164856" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="Stupa Borobudur.jpg" height="195" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Stupa_Borobudur.jpg/260px-Stupa_Borobudur.jpg" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="260" /></a><br />Arca Buddha dan stupa Borobudur</td></tr>
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<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Indonesia_location_map.svg&filetimestamp=20100218125853" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;" title="Borobudur terletak di Indonesia"><img alt="Borobudur terletak di Indonesia" height="99" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Indonesia_location_map.svg/258px-Indonesia_location_map.svg.png" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; vertical-align: middle;" width="258" /></a><div style="height: 0px; left: 33.400001525878906%; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: absolute; top: 78.4000015258789%; width: 0px; z-index: 2;">
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Lokasi dalam Indonesia</div>
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<tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color: #ccccff; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;">Informasi Bangunan</th></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">Lokasi</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span class="label">dekat <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mungkid" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mungkid">Mungkid</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten_Magelang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kabupaten Magelang">Kabupaten Magelang</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Tengah" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jawa Tengah">Jawa Tengah</a></span></td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">Negara</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_koordinat_geografi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sistem koordinat geografi">Koordinat</a></th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><img alt="" class="noprint" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/WMA_button2b.png/17px-WMA_button2b.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; cursor: pointer; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" title="Tunjukkan letak di peta interaktif" /><a class="external text" href="http://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?language=id&pagename=Borobudur&params=-7.608_N_110.204_E_type:landmark" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px !important; text-decoration: none; white-space: normal;"><span class="geo-default" style="display: inline;"><span class="geo-dec" style="display: inline;" title="Peta, foto udara, dan data lainnya untuk lokasi ini">7.608°LS 110.204°BT</span></span></a></span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span id="coordinates" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; float: right; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0em; margin-left: 0em; margin-right: 0em; margin-top: 0em; padding-bottom: 0em; padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em; padding-top: 0em; position: absolute; right: 0em; text-align: right; top: 0em; white-space: nowrap; z-index: 1;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_koordinat_geografi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sistem koordinat geografi">Koordinat</a>: <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><img alt="" class="noprint" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/WMA_button2b.png/17px-WMA_button2b.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; cursor: pointer; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" title="Tunjukkan letak di peta interaktif" /><a class="external text" href="http://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?language=id&pagename=Borobudur&params=-7.608_N_110.204_E_type:landmark" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px !important; text-decoration: none;"><span class="geo-default" style="display: inline;"><span class="geo-dec" style="display: inline;" title="Peta, foto udara, dan data lainnya untuk lokasi ini">7.608°LS 110.204°BT</span></span></a></span></span></span></td></tr>
<tr class="note"><th style="vertical-align: top;">Arsitek</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gunadharma&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Gunadharma (halaman belum tersedia)">Gunadharma</a></td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">Klien</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syailendra" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Syailendra">Syailendra</a></td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">Awal Konstruksi</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">sekitar 770 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masehi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Masehi">Masehi</a></td></tr>
<tr class="note"><th style="vertical-align: top;">Penyelesaian</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">sekitar 825 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masehi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Masehi">Masehi</a></td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">Sistem struktural</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">piramida berundak dari susunan blok batu andesit yang saling mengunci</td></tr>
<tr class="note"><th style="vertical-align: top;">Jenis</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Stupa">stupa</a> and <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Candi">candi</a></td></tr>
<tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">Ukuran</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">luas dasar 123×123 meter, tinggi kini 35 meter, tinggi asli 42 meter (termasuk chattra)</td></tr>
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<tr><th colspan="2" style="font-size: 12px; padding-bottom: 0.4em; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situs_Warisan_Dunia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Situs Warisan Dunia">Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO</a></th></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><b><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabel_Situs_Warisan_Dunia_UNESCO_berdasarkan_negara_peserta" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tabel Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO berdasarkan negara peserta">Negara Peserta</a></b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><b>Tipe</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">Budaya</td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><b><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situs_Warisan_Dunia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Situs Warisan Dunia">Kriteria</a></b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">i, ii, vi</td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><b>Referensi</b></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/592" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">592</a></td></tr>
<tr class="adr"><td style="vertical-align: top;"><b>Wilayah</b>†</td><td style="line-height: 16px; vertical-align: top; white-space: nowrap;"><span class="region"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daftar_Situs_Warisan_Dunia_di_Asia_dan_Australasia&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Daftar Situs Warisan Dunia di Asia dan Australasia (halaman belum tersedia)">Asia-Pasifik</a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #eeeeee; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 12px; vertical-align: top;"><b>Sejarah prasasti</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><b>Prasasti resmi</b></td><td style="line-height: 16px; vertical-align: top;">1991 <small>(<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situs_Warisan_Dunia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Situs Warisan Dunia">sesi</a> ke-15)</small></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 13px; padding-top: 0.8em; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: #555555; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">* <a class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">Nama resmi dalam Daftar Warisan Dunia.</a><br /><span style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">† <a class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/?search=&search_by_country=&type=&media=&region=&order=region" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">Menurut klasifikasi resmi UNESCO.</a></span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<b>Borobudur</b> adalah nama sebuah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Candi">candi</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddha" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Buddha">Buddha</a> yang terletak di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur,_Magelang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Borobudur, Magelang">Borobudur</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten_Magelang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kabupaten Magelang">Magelang</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Tengah" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jawa Tengah">Jawa Tengah</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>. Lokasi candi adalah kurang lebih 100<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilometer" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kilometer">km</a> di sebelah barat daya <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semarang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Semarang">Semarang</a> dan 40 km di sebelah barat laut <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogyakarta" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Yogyakarta">Yogyakarta</a>. Candi berbentuk <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Stupa">stupa</a> ini didirikan oleh para penganut <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agama" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Agama">agama</a><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddha_Mahayana" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Buddha Mahayana">Buddha Mahayana</a> sekitar tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/800-an" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="800-an">800-an Masehi</a> pada masa pemerintahan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wangsa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wangsa">wangsa</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syailendra" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Syailendra">Syailendra</a>. Monumen ini terdiri atas enam teras berbentuk bujur sangkar yeng diatasnya terdapat tiga pelataran melingkar, pada dindingnya dihiasi dengan 2.672 panel <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relief" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Relief">relief</a> dan aslinya terdapat 504 <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arca_Buddha&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Arca Buddha (halaman belum tersedia)">arca Buddha</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-p35-36_0-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-p35-36-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[1]</a></sup>Stupa utama terbesar teletak di tengah sekaligus memahkotai bangunan ini, dikelilingi oleh tiga barisan melingkar 72 stupa berlubang yang didalamnya terdapat arca buddha tengah duduk bersila dalam posisi teratai sempurna dengan <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudra" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mudra">mudra</a></i> (sikap tangan) <i>Dharmachakra mudra</i> (memutar roda dharma).</div>
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Monumen ini merupakan model alam semesta dan dibangun sebagai tempat suci untuk memuliakan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siddhartha_Gautama" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Siddhartha Gautama">Buddha</a> sekaligus berfungsi sebagai tempat<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziarah" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ziarah">ziarah</a> untuk menuntun umat manusia beralih dari alam nafsu duniawi menuju pencerahan dan kebijaksanaan sesuai ajaran Buddha.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Kompas_1-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-Kompas-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[2]</a></sup> Para peziarah masuk melalui sisi timur memulai ritual di dasar candi dengan berjalan melingkari bangunan suci ini searah jarum jam, sambil terus naik ke undakan berikutnya melalui tiga tingkatan ranah dalam kosmologi Buddha. Ketiga tingkatan itu adalah <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=K%C4%81madh%C4%81tu&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Kāmadhātu (halaman belum tersedia)">Kāmadhātu</a></i> (ranah hawa nafsu), <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rupadhatu&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Rupadhatu (halaman belum tersedia)">Rupadhatu</a></i> (ranah berwujud), dan <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arupadhatu&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Arupadhatu (halaman belum tersedia)">Arupadhatu</a></i> (ranah tak berwujud). Dalam perjalanannya ini peziarah berjalan melalui serangkaian lorong dan tangga dengan menyaksikan tak kurang dari 1.460 panel relief indah yang terukir pada dinding dan pagar langkan.</div>
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Menurut bukti-bukti sejarah, Borobudur ditinggalkan pada abad ke-14 seiring melemahnya pengaruh kerajaan Hindu dan Buddha di Jawa serta mulai masuknya pengaruh Islam.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Soekmono4_2-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-Soekmono4-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[3]</a></sup> Dunia mulai menyadari keberadaan bangunan ini sejak ditemukan 1814 oleh <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Thomas_Stamford_Raffles" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles">Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles</a>, yang saat itu menjabat sebagai Gubernur Jenderal Inggris atas Jawa. Sejak saat itu Borobudur telah mengalami serangkaian upaya penyelamatan dan pemugaran. Proyek pemugaran terbesar digelar pada kurun 1975 hingga 1982 atas upaya <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemerintah_Republik_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pemerintah Republik Indonesia">Pemerintah Republik Indonesia</a> dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>, kemudian situs bersejarah ini masuk dalam daftar <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situs_Warisan_Dunia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Situs Warisan Dunia">Situs Warisan Dunia</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-unesco-whc_3-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-unesco-whc-3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[4]</a></sup></div>
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Borobudur kini masih digunakan sebagai tempat ziarah keagamaan; tiap tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agama_Buddha_di_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Agama Buddha di Indonesia">umat Buddha</a> yang datang dari seluruh Indonesia dan mancanegara berkumpul di Borobudur untuk memperingati Trisuci <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waisak" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Waisak">Waisak</a>. Dalam dunia pariwisata, Borobudur adalah obyek wisata tunggal di Indonesia yang paling banyak dikunjungi wisatawan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[5]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Hampton2004_5-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-Hampton2004-5" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[6]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Sedyawati1997_6-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-Sedyawati1997-6" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[7]</a></sup></div>
<table class="toc" id="toc" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f9f9f9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px;"><tbody>
<tr><td><div id="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;">
<h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; display: inline; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: auto;">
Daftar isi</h2>
<span class="toctoggle" style="font-size: 11px;"> [<a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#" id="togglelink" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">sembunyikan</a>] </span></div>
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;">
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#Nama_Borobudur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Nama Borobudur</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#Lingkungan_sekitar" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Lingkungan sekitar</span></a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#Tiga_candi_serangkai" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Tiga candi serangkai</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#Danau_purba" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Danau purba</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#Sejarah" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Sejarah</span></a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#Pembangunan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Pembangunan</span></a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#Tahapan_pembangunan_Borobudur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">3.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Tahapan pembangunan Borobudur</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#Borobudur_diterlantarkan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Borobudur diterlantarkan</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#Penemuan_kembali" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Penemuan kembali</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#Pemugaran" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Pemugaran</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#Peristiwa_kontemporer" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Peristiwa kontemporer</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#Rehabilitasi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">3.6</span> <span class="toctext">Rehabilitasi</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#Arsitektur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Arsitektur</span></a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#Konsep_rancang_bangun" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Konsep rancang bangun</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#Struktur_bangunan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Struktur bangunan</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#Relief" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Relief</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#Arca_Buddha" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Arca Buddha</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#Ikhtisar_waktu_proses_pemugaran_Candi_Borobudur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Ikhtisar waktu proses pemugaran Candi Borobudur</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#Referensi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Referensi</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#Lihat_pula" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Lihat pula</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#Daftar_pustaka" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Daftar pustaka</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#Pranala_luar" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Pranala luar</span></a></li>
</ul>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;">
<span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Borobudur&action=edit&section=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Nama Borobudur">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Nama_Borobudur">Nama Borobudur</span></h2>
<div class="thumb tleft" style="background-color: transparent; clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 1.4em; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;">
<div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Borobudur_2008.JPG&filetimestamp=20080527001330" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="165" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Borobudur_2008.JPG/220px-Borobudur_2008.JPG" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;">
<div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;">
<a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Borobudur_2008.JPG&filetimestamp=20080527001330" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>
Stupa Borobudur dengan jajaran perbukitan Menoreh. Selama berabad-abad bangunan suci ini sempat terlupakan.</div>
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<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
Dalam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bahasa Indonesia">Bahasa Indonesia</a>, bangunan keagamaan purbakala disebut <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Candi">candi</a></i>; istilah <i>candi</i> juga digunakan secara lebih luas untuk merujuk kepada semua bangunan purbakala yang berasal dari masa Hindu-Buddha di Nusantara, misalnya <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerbang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gerbang">gerbang</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gapura" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gapura">gapura</a>, dan petirtaan (kolam dan pancuran pemandian). Asal mula nama<i>Borobudur</i> tidak jelas,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Soekmono13_7-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-Soekmono13-7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[8]</a></sup> meskipun memang nama asli dari kebanyakan candi di Indonesia tidak diketahui.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Soekmono13_7-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-Soekmono13-7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[8]</a></sup>Nama Borobudur pertama kali ditulis dalam buku "<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah_Pulau_Jawa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sejarah Pulau Jawa">Sejarah Pulau Jawa</a>" karya <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Thomas_Raffles" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sir Thomas Raffles">Sir Thomas Raffles</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Raffles1814_8-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-Raffles1814-8" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[9]</a></sup> Raffles menulis mengenai monumen bernama <i>borobudur</i>, akan tetapi tidak ada dokumen yang lebih tua yang menyebutkan nama yang sama persis.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Soekmono13_7-2" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-Soekmono13-7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[8]</a></sup> Satu-satunya naskah Jawa kuno yang memberi petunjuk mengenai adanya bangunan suci Buddha yang mungkin merujuk kepada Borobudur adalah <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagarakretagama" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nagarakretagama">Nagarakretagama</a>, yang ditulis oleh <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpu_Prapanca" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mpu Prapanca">Mpu Prapanca</a> pada 1365.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-moens_9-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-moens-9" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[10]</a></sup></div>
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Nama <i>Bore-Budur</i>, yang kemudian ditulis <i>BoroBudur</i>, kemungkinan ditulis Raffles dalam tata bahasa Inggris untuk menyebut desa terdekat dengan candi itu yaitu desa Bore (Boro); kebanyakan <i>candi</i> memang seringkali dinamai berdasarkan desa tempat candi itu berdiri. Raffles juga menduga bahwa istilah 'Budur' mungkin berkaitan dengan istilah <i>Buda</i> dalam bahasa Jawa yang berarti "purba"– maka bermakna, "Boro purba".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Soekmono13_7-3" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-Soekmono13-7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[8]</a></sup>Akan tetapi arkeolog lain beranggapan bahwa nama <i>Budur</i> berasal dari istilah <i>bhudhara</i> yang berarti gunung.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-casparis_10-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-casparis-10" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[11]</a></sup></div>
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Banyak <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teori" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Teori">teori</a> yang berusaha menjelaskan nama candi ini. Salah satunya menyatakan bahwa nama ini kemungkinan berasal dari kata <i>Sambharabhudhara</i>, yaitu artinya "<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gunung">gunung</a>" (<i>bhudara</i>) di mana di lereng-lerengnya terletak teras-teras. Selain itu terdapat beberapa <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etimologi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Etimologi">etimologi</a> rakyat lainnya. Misalkan kata <i>borobudur</i> berasal dari ucapan "para Buddha" yang karena pergeseran bunyi menjadi <i>borobudur</i>. Penjelasan lain ialah bahwa nama ini berasal dari dua kata "bara" dan "beduhur". Kata <i>bara</i> konon berasal dari kata <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vihara" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Vihara">vihara</a></i>, sementara ada pula penjelasan lain di mana <i>bara</i> berasal dari <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Sansekerta" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bahasa Sansekerta">bahasa Sansekerta</a> yang artinya kompleks candi atau biara dan <i>beduhur</i> artinya ialah "tinggi", atau mengingatkan dalam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Bali" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bahasa Bali">bahasa Bali</a> yang berarti "di atas". Jadi maksudnya ialah sebuah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biara" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Biara">biara</a> atau <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asrama" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Asrama">asrama</a> yang berada di tanah tinggi.</div>
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Sejarawan <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J.G._de_Casparis&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="J.G. de Casparis (halaman belum tersedia)">J.G. de Casparis</a> dalam disertasinya untuk mendapatkan gelar doktor pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1950">1950</a> berpendapat bahwa Borobudur adalah tempat pemujaan. Berdasarkan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prasasti_Karangtengah" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Prasasti Karangtengah">prasasti Karangtengah</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prasasti_Tri_Tepusan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Prasasti Tri Tepusan">Tri Tepusan</a>, Casparis memperkirakan pendiri Borobudur adalah raja <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajaan_Medang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kerajaan Medang">Mataram</a> dari wangsa <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syailendra" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Syailendra">Syailendra</a> bernama <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaratungga" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Samaratungga">Samaratungga</a>, yang melakukan pembangunan sekitar tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/824" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="824">824 M</a>. Bangunan raksasa itu baru dapat diselesaikan pada masa putrinya, Ratu <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pramodhawardhani" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pramodhawardhani">Pramudawardhani</a>. Pembangunan Borobudur diperkirakan memakan waktu setengah abad. Dalam prasasti Karangtengah pula disebutkan mengenai penganugerahan tanah <i>sima</i> (tanah bebas pajak) oleh Çrī Kahulunan (Pramudawardhani) untuk memelihara <i>Kamūlān</i> yang disebut <i>Bhūmisambhāra</i>. <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-11" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[12]</a></sup> Istilah <i>Kamūlān</i> sendiri berasal dari kata <i>mula</i>yang berarti tempat asal muasal, bangunan suci untuk memuliakan leluhur, kemungkinan leluhur dari wangsa Sailendra. Casparis memperkirakan bahwa <i>Bhūmi Sambhāra Bhudhāra</i> dalam bahasa sansekerta yang berarti "Bukit himpunan kebajikan sepuluh tingkatan boddhisattwa", adalah nama asli Borobudur.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-12" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[13]</a></sup></div>
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<span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Borobudur&action=edit&section=2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Lingkungan sekitar">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Lingkungan_sekitar">Lingkungan sekitar</span></h2>
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Borobudur, Pawon, dan Mendut terbujur dalam satu garis lurus yang menunjukan kesatuan perlambang</div>
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Terletak sekitar 40 kilometer (25 mil) barat laut dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Yogyakarta" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Yogyakarta">Kota Yogyakarta</a>, Borobudur terletak di atas bukit pada dataran yang dikeliling dua pasang gunung kembar; <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung_Sundoro" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gunung Sundoro">Gunung Sundoro</a>-<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung_Sumbing" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gunung Sumbing">Sumbing</a> di sebelah barat laut dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung_Merbabu" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gunung Merbabu">Merbabu</a>-<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung_Merapi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gunung Merapi">Merapi</a> di sebelah timur laut, di sebelah utaranya terdapat bukit <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidar" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tidar">Tidar</a>, lebih dekat di sebelah selatan terdapat jajaran perbukitan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menoreh" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Menoreh">Menoreh</a>, serta candi ini terletak dekat pertemuan dua sungai yaitu <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungai_Progo" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sungai Progo">Sungai Progo</a> dan <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sungai_Elo&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Sungai Elo (halaman belum tersedia)">Sungai Elo</a> di sebelah timur. Menurut legenda Jawa, daerah yang dikenal sebagai <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dataran_Kedu" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Dataran Kedu">dataran Kedu</a> adalah tempat yang dianggap suci dalam kepercayaan Jawa dan disanjung sebagai 'Taman pulau Jawa' karena keindahan alam dan kesuburan tanahnya<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-p1_13-0" style="line-height: 1em;"></sup></div>
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<span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Borobudur&action=edit&section=3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Tiga candi serangkai">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Tiga_candi_serangkai">Tiga candi serangkai</span></h3>
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Selain Borobudur, terdapat beberapa candi Buddha dan Hindu di kawasan ini. Pada masa penemuan dan pemugaran di awal abad ke-20 ditemukan candi Buddha lainnya yaitu <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candi_Mendut" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Candi Mendut">Candi Mendut</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candi_Pawon" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Candi Pawon">Candi Pawon</a> yang terbujur membentang dalam satu garis lurus.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-krom_14-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-krom-14" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[15]</a></sup> Awalnya diduga hanya suatu kebetulan, akan tetapi berdasarkan dongeng penduduk lokal, dulu terdapat jalan berlapis batu yang dipagari pagar langkan di kedua sisinya yang menghubungkan ketiga candi ini. Tidak ditemukan bukti fisik adanya jalan raya beralas batu dan berpagar dan mungkin ini hanya dongeng belaka, akan tetapi para pakar menduga memang ada kesatuan perlambang dari ketiga candi ini. Ketiga candi ini (Borobudur-Pawon-Mendut) memiliki kemiripan langgam arsitektur dan ragam hiasnya dan memang berasal dari periode yang sama yang memperkuat dugaan adanya keterkaitan ritual antar ketiga candi ini. Keterkaitan suci pasti ada, akan tetapi bagaimanakah proses ritual keagamaan ziarah dilakukan, belum diketahui secara pasti.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-moens_9-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-moens-9" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[10]</a></sup></div>
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Selain candi Mendut dan Pawon, di sekitar Borobudur juga ditemukan beberapa peninggalan purbakala lainnya, diantaranya berbagai temuan tembikar seperti periuk dan kendi yang menunjukkan bahwa di sekitar Borobudur dulu terdapat beberapa wilayah hunian. Temuan-temuan purbakala di sekitar Borobudur kini disimpan di <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Museum_Karmawibhangga&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Museum Karmawibhangga (halaman belum tersedia)">Museum Karmawibhangga</a> Borobudur, yang terletak di sebelah utara candi bersebelahan dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_Samudra_Raksa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Museum Samudra Raksa">Museum Samudra Raksa</a>. Tidak seberapa jauh di sebelah utara Candi Pawon ditemukan reruntuhan bekas candi Hindu yang disebut <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Candi_Banon&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Candi Banon (halaman belum tersedia)">Candi Banon</a>. Pada candi ini ditemukan beberapa arca dewa-dewa utama Hindu dalam keadaan cukup baik yaitu <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiwa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Shiwa">Shiwa</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wishnu" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wishnu">Wishnu</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahma" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Brahma">Brahma</a>, serta <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganesha" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a>. Akan tetapi batu asli Candi Banon amat sedikit ditemukan sehingga tidak mungkin dilakukan rekonstruksi. Pada saat penemuannya arca-arca Banon diangkut ke Batavia (kini Jakarta) dan kini disimpan di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_Nasional_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Museum Nasional Indonesia">Museum Nasional Indonesia</a>.</div>
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<span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Borobudur&action=edit&section=4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Danau purba">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Danau_purba">Danau purba</span></h3>
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Borobudur di tengah kehijauan alam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dataran_Kedu" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Dataran Kedu">dataran Kedu</a>. Diduga dulu kawasan di sekeliling Borobudur adalah danau purba.</div>
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Tidak seperti candi lainnya yang dibangun di atas tanah datar, Borobudur dibangun di atas bukit dengan ketinggian 265 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meter" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Meter">m</a>(870 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaki_(satuan_panjang)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kaki (satuan panjang)">kaki</a>) dari permukaan laut dan 15 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meter" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Meter">m</a> (49 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaki_(satuan_panjang)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kaki (satuan panjang)">kaki</a>) di atas dasar danau purba yang telah mengering.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Murwanto_15-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-Murwanto-15" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[16]</a></sup> Keberadaan danau purba ini menjadi bahan perdebatan yang hangat di kalangan arkeolog pada abad ke-20; dan menimbulkan dugaan bahwa Borobudur dibangun di tepi atau bahkan di tengah danau. Pada 1931, seorang seniman dan pakar arsitektur Hindu Buddha, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/W.O.J._Nieuwenkamp" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="W.O.J. Nieuwenkamp">W.O.J. Nieuwenkamp</a>, mengajukan teori bahwa Dataran Kedu dulunya adalah sebuah danau, dan Borobudur dibangun melambangkan bunga <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teratai" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Teratai">teratai</a> yang mengapung di atas permukaan danau.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-casparis_10-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-casparis-10" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[11]</a></sup> Bunga teratai baik dalam bentuk <i>padma</i> (teratai merah), <i>utpala</i>(teratai biru), ataupun <i>kumuda</i> (teratai putih) dapat ditemukan dalam semua ikonografi seni keagamaan Buddha; seringkali digenggam oleh <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boddhisatwa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Boddhisatwa">Boddhisatwa</a> sebagai <i>laksana</i> (lambang regalia), menjadi alas duduk singgasana Buddha atau sebagai lapik stupa. Bentuk arsitektur Borobudur sendiri menyerupai bunga teratai, dan postur Budha di Borobudur melambangkan Sutra Teratai yang kebanyakan ditemui dalam naskah keagamaan Buddha mahzab <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayana" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a> (aliran Buddha yang kemudian menyebar ke Asia Timur). Tiga pelataran melingkar di puncak Borobudur juga diduga melambangkan kelopak bunga teratai.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Murwanto_15-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-Murwanto-15" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[16]</a></sup> Akan tetapi teori Nieuwenkamp yang terdengar luar biasa dan fantastis ini banyak menuai bantahan dari para arkeolog; pada daratan di sekitar monumen ini telah ditemukan bukti-bukti arkeologi yang membuktikan bahwa kawasan sekitar Borobudur pada masa pembangunan candi ini adalah daratan kering, bukan dasar danau purba.</div>
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Sementara itu pakar geologi justru mendukung pandangan Nieuwenkamp dengan menunjukkan bukti adanya endapan sedimen lumpur di dekat situs ini.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-16" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[17]</a></sup> Sebuah penelitian <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratigrafi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Stratigrafi">stratigrafi</a>, sedimen dan analisis sampel serbuk sari yang dilakukan tahun 2000 mendukung keberadaan danau purba di lingkungan sekitar Borobudur,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Murwanto_15-2" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-Murwanto-15" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[16]</a></sup> yang memperkuat gagasan Nieuwenkamp. Ketinggian permukaan danau purba ini naik-turun berubah-ubah dari waktu ke waktu, dan bukti menunjukkan bahwa dasar bukit dekat Borobudur pernah kembali terendam air dan menjadi tepian danau sekitar abad ke-13 dan ke-14. Aliran sungai dan aktivitas vulkanik diduga memiliki andil turut merubah bentang alam dan topografi lingkungan sekitar Borobudur termasuk danaunya. Salah satu gunung berapi paling aktif di Indonesia adalah Gunung Merapi yang terletak cukup dekat dengan Borobudur dan telah aktif sejak masa <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistosen" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pleistosen">Pleistosen</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-17" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[18]</a></sup></div>
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<span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Borobudur&action=edit&section=5" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Sejarah">Sejarah</span></h2>
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<span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Borobudur&action=edit&section=6" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Pembangunan">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Pembangunan">Pembangunan</span></h3>
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<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Temperaschilderij_voorstellende_de_Borobudur_als_bedevaartsoord_TMnr_75-2.jpg&filetimestamp=20100728204917" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="263" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Temperaschilderij_voorstellende_de_Borobudur_als_bedevaartsoord_TMnr_75-2.jpg/380px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Temperaschilderij_voorstellende_de_Borobudur_als_bedevaartsoord_TMnr_75-2.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="380" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;">
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Lukisan karya G.B. Hooijer (dibuat kurun 1916—1919) merekonstruksi suasana di Borobudur pada masa jayanya</div>
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Tidak ditemukan bukti tertulis yang menjelaskan siapakah yang membangun Borobudur dan apa kegunaannya.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Soekmono9_18-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-Soekmono9-18" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[19]</a></sup> Waktu pembangunannya diperkirakan berdasarkan perbandingan antara jenis aksara yang tertulis di kaki tertutup Karmawibhangga dengan jenis aksara yang lazim digunakan pada prasasti kerajaan abad ke-8 dan ke-9. Diperkirakan Borobudur dibangun sekitar tahun 800 masehi.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Soekmono9_18-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-Soekmono9-18" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[19]</a></sup> Kurun waktu ini sesuai dengan kurun antara 760 dan 830 AD, masa puncak kejayaan wangsa <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syailendra" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Syailendra">Syailendra</a> di Jawa Tengah,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-19" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[20]</a></sup> yang kala itu dipengaruhi Kemaharajaan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sriwijaya" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sriwijaya">Sriwijaya</a>. Pembangunan Borobudur diperkirakan menghabiskan waktu 75 tahun dan dirampungkan pada masa pemerintahan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaratungga" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Samaratungga">Samaratungga</a> pada tahun 825.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Dumarcay_20-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-Dumarcay-20" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[21]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-21" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-21" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[22]</a></sup></div>
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Terdapat kesimpangsiuran fakta mengenai apakah raja yang berkuasa di Jawa kala itu beragama Hindu atau Buddha. Wangsa Sailendra diketahui sebagai penganut agama Buddha aliran Mahayana yang taat, akan tetapi melalui temuan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prasasti_Sojomerto" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Prasasti Sojomerto">prasasti Sojomerto</a>menunjukkan bahwa mereka mungkin awalnya beragama Hindu Siwa.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Dumarcay_20-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-Dumarcay-20" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[21]</a></sup> Pada kurun waktu itulah dibangun berbagai candi Hindu dan Buddha di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dataran_Kedu" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Dataran Kedu">Dataran Kedu</a>. Candi Buddha Borobudur dibangun pada kurun waktu yang hampir bersamaan dengan candi-candi di <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dataran_Prambanan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Dataran Prambanan">Dataran Prambanan</a> termasuk candi Siwa <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prambanan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Prambanan">Prambanan</a>. Pada tahun 732 AD, raja beragama Siwa <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanjaya,_Rakai_Mataram" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sanjaya, Rakai Mataram">Sanjaya</a> memerintahkan pembangunan bangunan suci Shiwalingga yang dibangun di perbukitan Gunung Wukir, letaknya hanya 10 km (6.2 mil) sebelah timur dari Borobudur.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-holing_22-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-holing-22" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[23]</a></sup></div>
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Pembangunan candi-candi Buddha — termasuk Borobudur — saat itu dimungkinkan karena pewaris Sanjaya, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakai_Panangkaran" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Rakai Panangkaran">Rakai Panangkaran</a>memberikan izin kepada umat Buddha untuk membangun candi.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-meulen_23-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-meulen-23" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[24]</a></sup> Bahkan untuk menunjukkan penghormatannya, Panangkaran menganugerahkan desa <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalasan,_Sleman" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kalasan, Sleman">Kalasan</a> kepada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangha" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sangha">sangha</a> (komunitas Buddha), untuk pemeliharaan dan pembiayaan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candi_Kalasan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Candi Kalasan">Candi Kalasan</a> yang dibangun untuk memuliakan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tara_(Bodhisattva)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tara (Bodhisattva)">Bodhisattwadewi Tara</a>, sebagaimana disebutkan dalam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prasasti_Kalasan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Prasasti Kalasan">Prasasti Kalasan</a> berangka tahun 778 Masehi.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-meulen_23-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-meulen-23" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[24]</a></sup> Petunjuk ini dipahami oleh para arkeolog, bahwa pada masyarakat Jawa kuno, agama tidak pernah menjadi masalah yang dapat menuai konflik, dengan dicontohkan raja penganut agama Hindu bisa saja menyokong dan mendanai pembangunan candi Buddha, demikian pula sebaliknya.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Soekmono10_24-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-Soekmono10-24" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[25]</a></sup> Akan tetapi diduga terdapat persaingan antara dua wangsa kerajaan pada masa itu — wangsa Syailendra yang menganut Buddha dan wangsa Sanjaya yang memuja <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siwa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Siwa">Siwa</a> — yang kemudian wangsa Sanjaya memenangi pertempuran pada tahun 856 di perbukitan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratu_Boko" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ratu Boko">Ratu Boko</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-hall_25-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-hall-25" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[26]</a></sup> Ketidakjelasan juga timbul mengenai candi Lara Jonggrang di <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prambanan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Prambanan">Prambanan</a>, candi megah yang dipercaya dibangun oleh sang pemenang Rakai Pikatan sebagai jawaban wangsa Sanjaya untuk menyaingi kemegahan Borobudur milik wangsa Syailendra,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-hall_25-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-hall-25" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[26]</a></sup> akan tetapi banyak pihak percaya bahwa terdapat suasana toleransi dan kebersamaan yang penuh kedamaian antara kedua wangsa ini yaitu pihak Sailendra juga terlibat dalam pembangunan Candi Siwa di Prambanan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-26" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[27]</a></sup></div>
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<span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Borobudur&action=edit&section=7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Tahapan pembangunan Borobudur">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Tahapan_pembangunan_Borobudur">Tahapan pembangunan Borobudur</span></h4>
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Para ahli arkeologi menduga bahwa rancangan awal Borobudur adalah stupa tunggal yang sangat besar memahkotai puncaknya. Diduga massa stupa raksasa yang luar biasa besar dan berat ini membahayakan tubuh dan kaki candi sehingga arsitek perancang Borobudur memutuskan untuk membongkar stupa raksasa ini dan diganti menjadi tiga barisan stupa kecil dan satu stupa induk seperti sekarang. Berikut adalah perkiraan tahapan pembangunan Borobudur:</div>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Tahap pertama</b>: Masa pembangunan Borobudur tidak diketahui pasti (diperkirakan kurun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/750" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="750">750</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/850" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="850">850 M</a>). Borobudur dibangun di atas bukit alami, bagian atas bukit diratakan dan pelataran datar diperluas. Sesungguhnya Borobudur tidak seluruhnya terbuat dari batu andesit, bagian bukit tanah dipadatkan dan ditutup struktur batu sehingga menyerupai cangkang yang membungkus bukit tanah. Sisa bagian bukit ditutup struktur batu lapis demi lapis. Pada awalnya dibangun tata susun bertingkat. Sepertinya dirancang sebagai piramida berundak, tetapi kemudian diubah. Sebagai bukti ada tata susun yang dibongkar. Dibangun tiga undakan pertama yang menutup struktur asli piramida berundak.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Tahap kedua</b>: Penambahan dua undakan persegi, pagar langkan dan satu undak melingkar yang diatasnya langsung dibangun stupa tunggal yang sangat besar.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Tahap ketiga</b>: Terjadi perubahan rancang bangun, undak atas lingkaran dengan stupa tunggal induk besar dibongkar dan diganti tiga undak lingkaran. Stupa-stupa yang lebih kecil dibangun berbaris melingkar pada pelataran undak-undak ini dengan satu stupa induk yang besar di tengahnya. Karena alasan tertentu pondasi diperlebar, dibangun kaki tambahan yang membungkus kaki asli sekaligus menutup relief Karmawibhangga. Para arkeolog menduga bahwa Borobudur semula dirancang berupa stupa tunggal yang sangat besar memahkotai batur-batur teras bujur sangkar. Akan tetapi stupa besar ini terlalu berat sehingga mendorong struktur bangunan condong bergeser keluar. Patut diingat bahwa inti Borobudur hanyalah bukit tanah sehingga tekanan pada bagian atas akan disebarkan ke sisi luar bagian bawahnya sehingga Borobudur terancam longsor dan runtuh. Karena itulah diputuskan untuk membongkar stupa induk tunggal yang besar dan menggantikannya dengan teras-teras melingkar yang dihiasi deretan stupa kecil berterawang dan hanya satu stupa induk. Untuk menopang agar dinding candi tidak longsor maka ditambahkan struktur kaki tambahan yang membungkus kaki asli. Struktur ini adalah penguat dan berfungsi bagaikan ikat pinggang yang mengikat agar tubuh candi tidak ambrol dan runtuh keluar, sekaligus menyembunyikan relief Karmawibhangga pada bagian Kamadhatu</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Tahap keempat</b>: Ada perubahan kecil seperti penyempurnaan relief, penambahan pagar langkan terluar, perubahan tangga dan pelengkung atas gawang pintu, serta pelebaran ujung kaki.</li>
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<span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Borobudur&action=edit&section=8" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Borobudur diterlantarkan">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Borobudur_diterlantarkan">Borobudur diterlantarkan</span></h3>
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<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Borobudur_Stupa_Merapi.jpg&filetimestamp=20090312223732" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="147" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Borobudur_Stupa_Merapi.jpg/220px-Borobudur_Stupa_Merapi.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;">
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<a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Borobudur_Stupa_Merapi.jpg&filetimestamp=20090312223732" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>
Meletusnya <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung_Merapi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gunung Merapi">Gunung Merapi</a> diduga sebagai penyebab utama diterlantarkannya Borobudur</div>
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Borobudur tersembunyi dan terlantar selama berabad-abad terkubur di bawah lapisan tanah dan debu vulkanik yang kemudian ditumbuhi pohon dan semak belukar sehingga Borobudur kala itu benar-benar menyerupai bukit. Alasan sesungguhnya penyebab Borobudur ditinggalkan hingga kini masih misteri. Tidak diketahui secara pasti sejak kapan bangunan suci ini tidak lagi menjadi pusat ziarah umat Buddha. Pada kurun 928 dan 1006, Raja <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpu_Sindok" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mpu Sindok">Mpu Sindok</a>memindahkan ibu kota kerajaan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Medang">Medang</a> ke kawasan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Timur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jawa Timur">Jawa Timur</a> setelah serangkaian letusan gunung berapi; tidak dapat dipastikan apakah faktor inilah yang menyebabkan Borobudur ditinggalkan, akan tetapi beberapa sumber menduga bahwa sangat mungkin Borobudur mulai ditinggalkan pada periode ini.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Soekmono4_2-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-Soekmono4-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[3]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Murwanto_15-3" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-Murwanto-15" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[16]</a></sup>Bangunan suci ini disebutkan secara samar-samar sekitar tahun 1365, oleh <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpu_Prapanca" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mpu Prapanca">Mpu Prapanca</a> dalam naskahnya <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagarakretagama" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nagarakretagama">Nagarakretagama</a></i> yang ditulis pada masa kerajaan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majapahit" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Majapahit">Majapahit</a>. Ia menyebutkan adanya "Wihara di Budur". Selain itu Soekmono (1976) juga mengajukan pendapat populer bahwa candi ini mulai benar-benar ditinggalkan sejak penduduk sekitar beralih keyakinan kepada Islam pada abad ke-15.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Soekmono4_2-2" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-Soekmono4-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[3]</a></sup></div>
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Monumen ini tidak sepenuhnya dilupakan, melalui dongeng rakyat Borobudur beralih dari sebagai bukti kejayaan masa lampau menjadi kisah yang lebih bersifat tahayul yang dikaitkan dengan kesialan, kemalangan dan penderitaan. Dua Babad Jawa yang ditulis abad ke-18 menyebutkan nasib buruk yang dikaitkan dengan monumen ini. Menurut <i>Babad Tanah Jawi</i> (Sejarah Jawa), monumen ini merupakan faktor fatal bagi Mas Dana, pembangkang yang memberontak kepada Pakubuwono I, raja <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesultanan_Mataram" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kesultanan Mataram">Kesultanan Mataram</a> pada 1709.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Soekmono4_2-3" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-Soekmono4-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[3]</a></sup> Disebutkan bahwa bukit "Redi Borobudur" dikepung dan para pemberontak dikalahkan dan dihukum mati oleh raja. Dalam <i>Babad Mataram</i> (Sejarah Kerajaan Mataram), monumen ini dikaitkan dengan kesialan Pangeran Monconagoro, putra mahkota <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesultanan_Yogyakarta" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kesultanan Yogyakarta">Kesultanan Yogyakarta</a>yang mengunjungi monumen ini pada 1757.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-p5_27-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-p5-27" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[28]</a></sup> Meskipun terdapat tabu yang melarang orang untuk mengunjungi monumen ini, "Sang Pangeran datang dan mengunjungi <i>satria yang terpenjara di dalam kurungan</i> (arca buddha yang terdapat di dalam stupa berterawang)". Setelah kembali ke keraton, sang Pangeran jatuh sakit dan meninggal dunia sehari kemudian. Dalam kepercayaan Jawa pada masa Mataram Islam, reruntuhan bangunan percandian dianggap sebagai tempat bersemayamnya roh halus dan dianggap <i>wingit</i> (angker) sehingga dikaitkan dengan kesialan atau kemalangan yang mungkin menimpa siapa saja yang mengunjungi dan mengganggu situs ini. Meskipun secara ilmiah diduga, mungkin setelah situs ini tidak terurus dan ditutupi semak belukar, tempat ini pernah menjadi sarang wabah penyakit seperti <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demam_berdarah" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Demam berdarah">demam berdarah</a> atau <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Malaria">malaria</a>.</div>
<h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-size: 17px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;">
<span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Borobudur&action=edit&section=9" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Penemuan kembali">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Penemuan_kembali">Penemuan kembali</span></h3>
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<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Borobudur_photograph_by_van_kinsbergen.jpg&filetimestamp=20070202153704" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="168" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Borobudur_photograph_by_van_kinsbergen.jpg/220px-Borobudur_photograph_by_van_kinsbergen.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;">
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<a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Borobudur_photograph_by_van_kinsbergen.jpg&filetimestamp=20070202153704" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>
Foto pertama Borobudur oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isidore_van_Kinsbergen" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Isidore van Kinsbergen">Isidore van Kinsbergen</a> (1873) setelah monumen ini dibersihkan dari tanaman yang tumbuh pada tubuh candi. Bendera Belanda tampak pada stupa utama candi.</div>
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<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Gezicht_op_de_bovenste_stupa_van_het_tempelcomplex_van_de_Borobudur_TMnr_10023604.jpg&filetimestamp=20091126230243" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="159" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Gezicht_op_de_bovenste_stupa_van_het_tempelcomplex_van_de_Borobudur_TMnr_10023604.jpg/220px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Gezicht_op_de_bovenste_stupa_van_het_tempelcomplex_van_de_Borobudur_TMnr_10023604.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;">
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<a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Gezicht_op_de_bovenste_stupa_van_het_tempelcomplex_van_de_Borobudur_TMnr_10023604.jpg&filetimestamp=20091126230243" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>
Teras tertinggi setelah restorasi Van Erp. Stupa utama memiliki menara dengan <i>chattra</i>(payung) susun tiga.</div>
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Setelah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Jawa_Britania-Belanda" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Perang Jawa Britania-Belanda">Perang Inggris-Belanda</a> dalam memperebutkan pulau Jawa, Jawa dibawah pemerintahan Britania (Inggris) pada kurun 1811 hingga 1816. <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Stamford_Raffles" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Thomas Stamford Raffles">Thomas Stamford Raffles</a> ditunjuk sebagai Gubernur Jenderal, dan ia memiliki minat istimewa terhadap sejarah Jawa. Ia mengumpulkan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artefak" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Artefak">artefak</a>-artefak antik kesenian Jawa kuno dan membuat catatan mengenai sejarah dan kebudayaan Jawa yang dikumpulkannya dari perjumpaannya dengan rakyat setempat dalam perjalanannya keliling Jawa. Pada kunjungan inspeksinya di <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semarang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Semarang">Semarang</a> tahun 1814, ia dikabari mengenai adanya sebuah monumen besar jauh di dalam hutan dekat desa Bumisegoro.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-p5_27-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-p5-27" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[28]</a></sup> Karena berhalangan dan tugasnya sebagai Gubernur Jenderal, ia tidak dapat pergi sendiri untuk mencari bangunan itu dan mengutus H.C. Cornelius, seorang insinyur Belanda, untuk menyelidiki keberadaan bangunan besar ini. Dalam dua bulan, Cornelius beserta 200 bawahannya menebang pepohonan dan semak belukar yang tumbuh di bukit Borobudur dan membersihkan lapisan tanah yang mengubur candi ini. Karena ancaman longsor, ia tidak dapat menggali dan membersihkan semua lorong. Ia melaporkan penemuannya kepada Raffles termasuk menyerahkan berbagai gambar sketsa candi Borobudur. Meskipun penemuan ini hanya menyebutkan beberapa kalimat, Raffles dianggap berjasa atas penemuan kembali monumen ini, serta menarik perhatian dunia atas keberadaan monumen yang pernah hilang ini.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Raffles1814_8-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-Raffles1814-8" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[9]</a></sup></div>
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Hartmann, seorang pejabat pemerintah Hindia Belanda di Keresidenan Kedu meneruskan kerja Cornelius dan pada 1835 akhirnya seluruh bagian bangunan telah tergali dan terlihat. Minatnya terhadap Borobudur lebih bersifat pribadi daripada tugas kerjanya. Hartmann tidak menulis laporan atas kegiatannya; secara khusus, beredar kabar bahwa ia telah menemukan arca buddha besar di stupa utama.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-p6_28-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-p6-28" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[29]</a></sup> Pada 1842, Hartmann menyelidiki stupa utama meskipun apa yang ia temukan tetap menjadi misteri karena bagian dalam stupa kosong.</div>
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Pemerintah <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindia_Belanda" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Hindia Belanda">Hindia Belanda</a> menugaskan F.C. Wilsen, seorang insinyur pejabat Belanda bidang teknik, ia mempelajari monumen ini dan menggambar ratusan sketsa relief. J.F.G. Brumund juga ditunjuk untuk melakukan penelitian lebih terperinci atas monumen ini, yang dirampungkannya pada 1859. Pemerintah berencana menerbitkan artikel berdasarkan penelitian Brumund yang dilengkapi sketsa-sketsa karya Wilsen, tetapi Brumund menolak untuk bekerja sama. Pemerintah Hindia Belanda kemudian menugaskan ilmuwan lain, C. Leemans, yang mengkompilasi <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monografi&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Monografi (halaman belum tersedia)">monografi</a> berdasarkan sumber dari Brumund dan Wilsen. Pada 1873, monograf pertama dan penelitian lebih detil atas Borobudur diterbitkan, dilanjutkan edisi terjemahannya dalam bahasa Perancis setahun kemudian.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-p6_28-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-p6-28" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[29]</a></sup> Foto pertama monumen ini diambil pada 1873 oleh ahli engrafi Belanda, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isidore_van_Kinsbergen" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Isidore van Kinsbergen">Isidore van Kinsbergen</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-p42_29-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-p42-29" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[30]</a></sup></div>
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Penghargaan atas situs ini tumbuh perlahan. Untuk waktu yang cukup lama Borobudur telah menjadi sumber cenderamata dan pendapatan bagi pencuri, penjarah candi, dan kolektor "pemburu artefak". Kepala arca Buddha adalah bagian yang paling banyak dicuri. Karena mencuri seluruh arca buddha terlalu berat dan besar, arca sengaja dijungkirkan dan dijatuhkan oleh pencuri agar kepalanya terpenggal. Karena itulah kini di Borobudur banyak ditemukan arca Buddha tanpa kepala. Kepala Buddha Borobudur telah lama menjadi incaran kolektor benda antik dan museum-museum di seluruh dunia. Pada 1882, kepala inspektur artefak budaya menyarankan agar Borobudur dibongkar seluruhnya dan reliefnya dipindahkan ke museum akibat kondisi yang tidak stabil, ketidakpastian dan pencurian yang marak di monumen.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-p42_29-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-p42-29" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[30]</a></sup> Akibatnya, pemerintah menunjuk Groenveldt, seorang arkeolog, untuk menggelar penyelidikan menyeluruh atas situs dan memperhitungkan kondisi aktual kompleks ini; laporannya menyatakan bahwa kekhawatiran ini berlebihan dan menyarankan agar bangunan ini dibiarkan utuh dan tidak dibongkar untuk dipindahkan. Pada tahun 1896, beberapa patung Buddha bersama dengan 30 batu dengan relief, dua patung singa, beberapa batu berbentuk kala, tangga dan gerbang dihadiahkan kepada <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raja_Thailand" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Raja Thailand">Raja Thailand</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chulalongkorn" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Chulalongkorn">Chulalongkorn</a> yang mengunjungi <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindia_Belanda" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Hindia Belanda">Hindia Belanda</a> (kini Indonesia) sebagai hadiah dari pemerintah Hindia Belanda ketika itu.</div>
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<span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Borobudur&action=edit&section=10" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Pemugaran">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Pemugaran">Pemugaran</span></h3>
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<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Affiche_voor_het_herstel_van_de_Borobudur_TMnr_20018452.jpg&filetimestamp=20091125221519" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="220" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Affiche_voor_het_herstel_van_de_Borobudur_TMnr_20018452.jpg/220px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Affiche_voor_het_herstel_van_de_Borobudur_TMnr_20018452.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;">
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<a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Affiche_voor_het_herstel_van_de_Borobudur_TMnr_20018452.jpg&filetimestamp=20091125221519" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>
Poster tahun 1971 menyerukan upaya penyelamatan Borobudur</div>
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Borobudur kembali menarik perhatian pada 1885, ketika Yzerman, Ketua Masyarakat Arkeologi di Yogyakarta, menemukan <i>kaki tersembunyi</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-kompas_30-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-kompas-30" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[31]</a></sup> Foto-foto yang menampilkan relief pada kaki tersembunyi dibuat pada kurun 1890–1891.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-p43_31-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-p43-31" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[32]</a></sup> Penemuan ini mendorong pemerintah Hindia Belanda untuk mengambil langkah menjaga kelestarian monumen ini. Pada 1900, pemerintah membentuk komisi yang terdiri atas tiga pejabat untuk meneliti monumen ini: Brandes, seorang sejarawan seni, Theodoor van Erp, seorang insinyur yang juga anggota tentara Belanda, dan Van de Kamer, insinyur ahli konstruksi bangunan dari Departemen Pekerjaan Umum.</div>
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<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Borobudur_restoration.png&filetimestamp=20061205152501" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="179" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Borobudur_restoration.png/200px-Borobudur_restoration.png" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="200" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;">
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<a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Borobudur_restoration.png&filetimestamp=20061205152501" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>
Penanaman beton dan pipa <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/PVC" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="PVC">PVC</a>untuk memperbaiki sistem drainase Borobudur pada pemugaran tahun 1973</div>
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Pada 1902, komisi ini mengajukan proposal tiga langkah rencana pelestarian Borobudur kepada pemerintah. Pertama, bahaya yang mendesak harus segera diatasi dengan mengatur kembali sudut-sudut bangunan, memindahkan batu yang membahayakan batu lain di sebelahnya, memperkuat pagar langkan pertama, dan memugar beberapa relung, gerbang, stupa dan stupa utama. Kedua, memagari halaman candi, memelihara dan memperbaiki sistem drainase dengan memperbaiki lantai dan pancuran. Ketiga, semua batuan lepas dan longgar harus dipindahkan, monumen ini dibersihkan hingga pagar langkan pertama, batu yang rusak dipindahkan dan stupa utama dipugar. Total biaya yang diperlukan pada saat itu ditaksir sekitar 48.800 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulden" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gulden">Gulden</a>.</div>
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Pemugaran dilakukan pada kurun 1907 dan 1911, menggunakan prinsip <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anastilosis&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Anastilosis (halaman belum tersedia)">anastilosis</a> dan dipimpin Theodor van Erp.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-unesco2004_32-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-unesco2004-32" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[33]</a></sup>Tujuh bulan pertama dihabiskan untuk menggali tanah di sekitar monumen untuk menemukan kepala buddha yang hilang dan panel batu. Van Erp membongkar dan membangun kembali tiga teras melingkar dan stupa di bagian puncak. Dalam prosesnya Van Erp menemukan banyak hal yang dapat diperbaiki; ia mengajukan proposal lain yang disetujui dengan anggaran tambahan sebesar 34.600 gulden. Van Erp melakukan rekonstruksi lebih lanjut, ia bahkan dengan teliti merekonstruksi <i>chattra</i> (payung batu susun tiga) yang memahkotai puncak Borobudur. Pada pandangan pertama, Borobudur telah pulih seperti pada masa kejayaannya. Akan tetapi rekonstruksi <i>chattra</i> hanya menggunakan sedikit batu asli dan hanya rekaan kira-kira. Karena dianggap tidak dapat dipertanggungjawabkan keasliannya, Van Erp membongkar sendiri bagian <i>chattra</i>. Kini mastaka atau kemuncak Borobudur <i>chattra</i> susun tiga tersimpan di Museum Karmawibhangga Borobudur.</div>
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Akibat anggaran yang terbatas, pemugaran ini hanya memusatkan perhatian pada membersihkan patung dan batu, Van Erp tidak memecahkan masalah drainase dan tata air. Dalam 15 tahun, dinding galeri miring dan relief menunjukkan retakan dan kerusakan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-unesco2004_32-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-unesco2004-32" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[33]</a></sup> Van Erp menggunakan beton yang menyebabkan terbentuknya kristal garam alkali dan kalsium hidroksida yang menyebar ke seluruh bagian bangunan dan merusak batu candi. Hal ini menyebabkan masalah sehingga renovasi lebih lanjut diperlukan.</div>
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Pemugaran kecil-kecilan dilakukan sejak itu, tetapi tidak cukup untuk memberikan perlindungan yang utuh. Pada akhir 1960-an, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemerintah_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pemerintah Indonesia">Pemerintah Indonesia</a> telah mengajukan permintaan kepada masyarakat internasional untuk pemugaran besar-besaran demi melindungi monumen ini. Pada 1973, rencana induk untuk memulihkan Borobudur dibuat.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1973restoration_33-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-1973restoration-33" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[34]</a></sup> Pemerintah Indonesia dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>mengambil langkah untuk perbaikan menyeluruh monumen ini dalam suatu proyek besar antara tahun 1975 dan 1982.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-unesco2004_32-2" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-unesco2004-32" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[33]</a></sup> Pondasi diperkokoh dan segenap 1.460 panel relief dibersihkan. Pemugaran ini dilakukan dengan membongkar seluruh lima teras bujur sangkar dan memperbaiki sistem drainase dengan menanamkan saluran air ke dalam monumen. Lapisan saringan dan kedap air ditambahkan. Proyek kolosal ini melibatkan 600 orang untuk memulihkan monumen dan menghabiskan biaya total sebesar 6.901.243 dollar AS.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-34" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-34" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[35]</a></sup> Setelah renovasi, UNESCO memasukkan Borobudur ke dalam daftar <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situs_Warisan_Dunia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Situs Warisan Dunia">Situs Warisan Dunia</a> pada tahun 1991.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-unesco-whc_3-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-unesco-whc-3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[4]</a></sup> Borobudur masuk dalam kriteria Budaya (i) "mewakili mahakarya kretivitas manusia yang jenius", (ii) "menampilkan pertukaran penting dalam nilai-nilai manusiawi dalam rentang waktu tertentu di dalam suatu wilayah budaya di dunia, dalam pembangunan arsitektur dan teknologi, seni yang monumental, perencanaan tata kota dan rancangan lansekap", dan (vi) "secara langsung dab jelas dihubungkan dengan suatu peristiwa atau tradisi yang hidup, dengan gagasan atau dengan kepercayaan, dengan karya seni artistik dan karya sastra yang memiliki makna universal yang luar biasa".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-unesco-whc_3-2" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-unesco-whc-3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[4]</a></sup></div>
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<span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Borobudur&action=edit&section=11" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Peristiwa kontemporer">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Peristiwa_kontemporer">Peristiwa kontemporer</span></h3>
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<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Borobudur_monks_1.jpg&filetimestamp=20061011121759" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="165" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Borobudur_monks_1.jpg/220px-Borobudur_monks_1.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;">
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<a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Borobudur_monks_1.jpg&filetimestamp=20061011121759" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>
Biksu peziarah tengah bermeditasi di pelataran puncak</div>
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<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Borobudur_Tourism.jpg&filetimestamp=20061219173418" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="208" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Borobudur_Tourism.jpg/170px-Borobudur_Tourism.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="170" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;">
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<a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Borobudur_Tourism.jpg&filetimestamp=20061219173418" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>
Turis di Borobudur</div>
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Setelah pemugaran besar-besaran pada 1973 yang didukung oleh <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1973restoration_33-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-1973restoration-33" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[34]</a></sup> Borobudur kembali menjadi pusat keagamaan dan ziarah agama Buddha. Sekali setahun pada saat bulan purnama sekitar bulan Mei atau Juni, umat Buddha di Indonesia memperingati hari suci <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waisak" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Waisak">Waisak</a>, hari yang memperingati kelahiran, wafat, dan terutama peristiwa pencerahan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siddhartha_Gautama" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Siddhartha Gautama">Siddhartha Gautama</a> yang mencapai tingkat kebijaksanaan tertinggi menjadi Buddha Shakyamuni. Waisak adalah hari libur nasional di Indonesia<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-35" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-35" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[36]</a></sup> dan upacara peringatan dippusatkan di tiga candi Buddha utama dengan ritual berjalan dari Candi Mendut menuju Candi Pawon dan prosesi berakhir di Candi Borobudur.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-walubi-The_Meaning_of_Procession_36-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-walubi-The_Meaning_of_Procession-36" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[37]</a></sup></div>
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Pada 21 Januari 1985, sembilan stupa rusak parah akibat sembilan bom.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-37" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-37" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[38]</a></sup> Pada 1991 seorang penceramah muslim beraliran ekstrem yang tunanetra, Husein Ali Al Habsyie, dihukum penjara seumur hidup karena berperan sebagai otak serangkaian serangan bom pada pertengahan dekade 1980-an, termasuk serangan atas Candi Borobudur.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-38" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-38" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[39]</a></sup> Dua anggota kelompok ekstrem sayap kanan djatuhi hukuman 20 tahun penjara pada tahun 1986 dan seorang lainnya menerima hukuman 13 tahun penjara.</div>
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<a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Trail_of_civilisations.jpg&filetimestamp=20071202103218" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>
Sendratari "Mahakarya Borobudur" digelar di Borobudur</div>
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Monumen ini adalah obyek wisata tunggal yang paling banyak dikunjungi di Indonesia. Pada 1974 sebanyak 260.000 wisatawan yang 36.000 diantaranya adalah wisatawan mancanegara telah mengunjungi monumen ini.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Hampton2004_5-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-Hampton2004-5" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[6]</a></sup> Angka ini meningkat hingga mencapai 2,5 juta pengunjung setiap tahunnya (80% adalah wisatawan domestik) pada pertengahan 1990-an, sebelum <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krisis_finansial_Asia_1997" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Krisis finansial Asia 1997">Krisis finansial Asia 1997</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Sedyawati1997_6-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-Sedyawati1997-6" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[7]</a></sup> Akan tetapi pembangunan pariwisata dikritik tidak melibatkan masyarakat setempat sehingga beberapa konflik lokal kerap terjadi.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Hampton2004_5-2" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-Hampton2004-5" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[6]</a></sup> Pada 2003, penduduk dan wirausaha skala kecil di sekitar Borobudur menggelar pertemuan dan protes dengan pembacaan puisi, menolak rencana pemerintah provinsi yang berencana membangun kompleks mal berlantai tiga yang disebut 'Java World'.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-39" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-39" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[40]</a></sup> Upaya masyarakat setempat untuk mendapatkan penghidupan dari sektor pariwisata Borobudur telah meningkatkan jumlah usaha kecil di sekitar Borobudur. Akan tetapi usaha mereka untuk mencari nafkah seringkali malah mengganggu kenyamanan pengunjung. Misalnya pedagang cenderamata asongan yang mengganggu dengan bersikeras menjual dagangannya; meluasnya lapak-lapak pasar cenderamata sehingga saat hendak keluar kompleks candi, pengunjung malah digiring berjalan jauh memutar memasuki labirin pasar cenderamata. Jika tidak tertata maka semua ini membuat kompleks candi Borobudur semakin semrawut.</div>
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Pada 27 Mei 2006, gempa berkekuatan 6,2 skala mengguncang pesisir selatan Jawa Tengah. Bencana alam ini menghancurkan kawasan dengan korban terbanyak di <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogyakarta" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Yogyakarta">Yogyakarta</a>, akan tetapi Borobudur tetap utuh.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-40" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-40" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[41]</a></sup></div>
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Pada 28 Agustus 2006 simposium bertajuk Trail of Civilizations (jejak peradaban) digelar di Borobudur atas prakarsa Gubernur Jawa Tengah dan Kementerian Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan, juga hadir perwakilan UNESCO dan negara-negara mayoritas Buddha di Asia Tenggara, seperti Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, dan Kamboja. Puncak acara ini adalah pagelaran sendratari kolosal "Mahakarya Borobudur" di depan Candi Borobudur. Tarian ini diciptakan dengan berdasarkan gaya tari tradisional Jawa, musik gamelan, dan busananya, menceritakan tentang sejarah pembangunan Borobudur. Setelah simposium ini, sendratari Mahakarya Borobudur kembali dipergelarkan beberapa kali, khususnya menjelang peringatan Waisak yang biasanya turut dihadiri Presiden Republik Indonesia.</div>
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<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Batu_peringatan_pemugaran_candi_Borobudur.JPG&filetimestamp=20070917111935" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="128" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/e/ed/Batu_peringatan_pemugaran_candi_Borobudur.JPG/170px-Batu_peringatan_pemugaran_candi_Borobudur.JPG" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="170" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;">
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<a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Batu_peringatan_pemugaran_candi_Borobudur.JPG&filetimestamp=20070917111935" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>
Batu peringatan pemugaran candi Borobudur dengan bantuan UNESCO</div>
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UNESCO mengidentifikasi tiga permasalahan penting dalam upaya pelestarian Borobudur: (i) vandalisme atau pengrusakan oleh pengunjung; (ii) erosi tanah di bagian tenggara situs; (iii) analisis dan pengembalian bagian-bagian yang hilang.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-UNESCO_report_41-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-UNESCO_report-41" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[42]</a></sup> Tanah yang gembur, beberapa kali gempa bumi, dan hujan lebat dapat menggoyahkan struktur bangunan ini. Gempa bumi adalah faktor yang paling parah, karena tidak saja batuan dapat jatuh dan pelengkung ambruk, tanah sendiri bergerak bergelombang yang dapat merusak struktur bangunan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-UNESCO_report_41-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-UNESCO_report-41" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[42]</a></sup> Meningkatnya popularitas stupa menarik banyak pengunjung yang kebanyakan adalah warga Indonesia. Meskipun terdapat banyak papan peringatan untuk tidak menyentuh apapun, pengumandangan peringatan melalui pengeras suara dan adanya penjaga, vandalisme berupa pengrusakan dan pencorat-coretan relief dan arca sering terjadi, hal ini jelas merusak situs ini. Pada 2009, tidak ada sistem untuk membatasi jumlah wisatawan yang boleh berkunjung per hari, atau menerapkan tiap kunjungan harus didampingi pemandu agar pengunjung selalu dalam pengawasan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-UNESCO_report_41-2" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-UNESCO_report-41" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[42]</a></sup></div>
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<span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Borobudur&action=edit&section=12" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Rehabilitasi">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Rehabilitasi">Rehabilitasi</span></h3>
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Borobudur sangat terdampak letusan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung_Merapi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gunung Merapi">Gunung Merapi</a> pada Oktober adan November 2010. Debu vulkanik dari Merapi menutupi kompleks candi yang berjarak 28 kilometer (17 mil) arah barat-baratdaya dari kawah Merapi. Lapisan debu vulkanik mencapai ketebalan 2,5 sentimeter (1 in)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-antara2983_42-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-antara2983-42" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[43]</a></sup> menutupi bangunan candi kala letusan 3–5 November 2010, debu juga mematikan tanaman di sekitar, dan para ahli mengkhawatirkan debu vulkanik yang secara kimia bersifat asam dapat merusak batuan bangunan bersejarah ini. Kompleks candi ditutup 5 sampai 9 November 2010 untuk membersihkan luruhan debu.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-43" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-43" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[44]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-44" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-44" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[45]</a></sup></div>
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Mencermati upaya rehabilitasi Borobudur setelah letusan Merapi 2010, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> telah menyumbangkan dana sebesar 3 juta dollar AS untuk mendanai upaya rehabilitasi. Membersihkan candi dari endapan debu vulkanik akan menghabiskan waktu sedikitnya 6 bulan, disusul penghijauan kembali dan penanaman pohon di lingkungan sekitar untuk menstabilkan suhu, dan terakhir menghidupkan kembali kehidupan sosial dan ekonomi masyarakat setempat.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-45" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-45" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[46]</a></sup> Lebih dari 55.000 blok batu candi harus dibongkar untuk memperbaiki sistem tata air dan drainase yang tersumbat adonan debu vulkanik bercampur air hujan. Restorasi berakhir November 2011, lebih awal dari perkiraan semula.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-46" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-46" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[47]</a></sup></div>
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<span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Borobudur&action=edit&section=13" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Arsitektur">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Arsitektur">Arsitektur</span></h2>
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Borobudur dilihat dari pelataran sudut barat laut</div>
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Denah Borobudur membentuk <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandala" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mandala">Mandala</a>, lambang alam semesta dalam kosmologi Buddha.</div>
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<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Borobudur_Architectural_Model.jpg&filetimestamp=20100618135318" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="167" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Borobudur_Architectural_Model.jpg/220px-Borobudur_Architectural_Model.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;">
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<a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Borobudur_Architectural_Model.jpg&filetimestamp=20100618135318" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Model">Model</a> Borobudur</div>
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<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Borobudur_mural.jpg&filetimestamp=20061011121840" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="227" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Borobudur_mural.jpg/170px-Borobudur_mural.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="170" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;">
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<a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Borobudur_mural.jpg&filetimestamp=20061011121840" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>
Lorong koridor dengan galeri dinding berukir relief</div>
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<span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Borobudur&action=edit&section=14" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Konsep rancang bangun">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Konsep_rancang_bangun">Konsep rancang bangun</span></h3>
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Pada hakikatnya Borobudur adalah sebuah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Stupa">stupa</a> yang bila dilihat dari atas membentuk pola <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandala" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mandala">Mandala</a> besar. Mandala adalah pola rumit yang tersusun atas bujursangkar dan lingkaran konsentris yang melambangkan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmos" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kosmos">kosmos</a> atau alam semesta yang lazim ditemukan dalam Buddha aliran Wajrayana-Mahayana. Sepuluh pelataran yang dimiliki Borobudur menggambarkan secara jelas filsafat mazhab <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayana" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a> yang secara bersamaan menggambarkan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmologi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kosmologi">kosmologi</a> yaitu konsep alam semesta, sekaligus tingkatan alam pikiran dalam ajaran Buddha.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-47" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-47" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[48]</a></sup> Bagaikan sebuah kitab, Borobudur menggambarkan sepuluh tingkatan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodhisattva" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bodhisattva">Bodhisattva</a> yang harus dilalui untuk mencapai <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penerangan_sempurna&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Penerangan sempurna (halaman belum tersedia)">kesempurnaan</a> menjadi Buddha. Dasar denah bujur sangkar berukuran 123 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meter" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Meter">m</a> (400 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaki_(satuan_panjang)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kaki (satuan panjang)">kaki</a>) pada tiap sisinya. Bangunan ini memiliki sembilan teras, enam teras terbawah berbentuk bujur sangkar dan tiga teras teratas berbentuk lingkaran.</div>
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Pada tahun 1885, secara tidak disengaja ditemukan struktur tersembunyi di kaki Borobudur.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-kompas_30-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-kompas-30" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[31]</a></sup> Kaki tersembunyi ini terdapat relief yang 160 diantaranya adalah berkisah tentang <i>Karmawibhangga</i>. Pada relief panel ini terdapat ukiran aksara yang merupakan petunjuk bagi pengukir untuk membuat adegan dalam gambar relief.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-p18_48-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-p18-48" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[49]</a></sup> Kaki asli ini tertutup oleh penambahan struktur batu yang membentuk pelataran yang cukup luas, fungsi sesungguhnya masih menjadi misteri. Awalnya diduga bahwa penambahan kaki ini untuk mencegah kelongsoran monumen.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-p18_48-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-p18-48" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[49]</a></sup> Teori lain mengajukan bahwa penambahan kaki ini disebabkan kesalahan perancangan kaki asli, dan tidak sesuai dengan <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wastu_Sastra&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Wastu Sastra (halaman belum tersedia)">Wastu Sastra</a>, kitab India mengenai arsitektur dan tata kota.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-kompas_30-2" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-kompas-30" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[31]</a></sup>Apapun alasan penambahan kaki ini, penambahan dan pembuatan kaki tambahan ini dilakukan dengan teliti dengan mempertimbangkan alasan keagamaan, estetik, dan teknis.</div>
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Ketiga tingkatan ranah spiritual dalam kosmologi Buddha adalah:</div>
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<b>Kamadhatu</b></div>
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Bagian kaki Borobudur melambangkan <i>Kamadhatu</i>, yaitu dunia yang masih dikuasai oleh <i>kama</i> atau "nafsu rendah". Bagian ini sebagian besar tertutup oleh tumpukan batu yang diduga dibuat untuk memperkuat konstruksi candi. Pada bagian kaki asli yang tertutup struktur tambahan ini terdapat 160 panel cerita<i>Karmawibhangga</i> yang kini tersembunyi. Sebagian kecil struktur tambahan di sudut tenggara disisihkan sehingga orang masih dapat melihat beberapa relief pada bagian ini. Struktur batu andesit kaki tambahan yang menutupi kaki asli ini memiliki volume 13.000 meter kubik.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Kompas_1-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-Kompas-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[2]</a></sup></div>
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<b>Rupadhatu</b></div>
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Empat undak teras yang membentuk lorong keliling yang pada dindingnya dihiasi galeri relief oleh para ahli dinamakan <i>Rupadhatu</i>. Lantainya berbentuk persegi. Rupadhatu terdiri dari empat lorong dengan 1.300 gambar relief. Panjang relief seluruhnya 2,5 km dengan 1.212 panel berukir dekoratif. Rupadhatu adalah dunia yang sudah dapat membebaskan diri dari <i>nafsu</i>, tetapi masih terikat oleh rupa dan bentuk. Tingkatan ini melambangkan <i>alam antara</i> yakni, antara <i>alam bawah</i> dan <i>alam atas</i>. Pada bagian Rupadhatu ini patung-patung Buddha terdapat pada ceruk atau relung dinding di atas pagar langkan atau selasar. Aslinya terdapat 432 arca Buddha di dalam relung-relung terbuka di sepanjang sisi luar di pagar langkan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Kompas_1-2" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-Kompas-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[2]</a></sup> Pada pagar langkan terdapat sedikit perbedaan rancangan yang melambangkan peralihan dari ranah Kamadhatu menuju ranah Rupadhatu; pagar langkan paling rendah dimahkotai ratna, sedangkan empat tingkat pagar langkan diatasnya dimahkotai stupika (stupa kecil). Bagian teras-teras bujursangkar ini kaya akan hiasan dan ukiran relief.</div>
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<b>Arupadhatu</b></div>
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Berbeda dengan lorong-lorong Rupadhatu yang kaya akan relief, mulai lantai kelima hingga ketujuh dindingnya tidak berelief. Tingkatan ini dinamakan<i>Arupadhatu</i> (yang berarti tidak berupa atau tidak berwujud). Denah lantai berbentuk lingkaran. Tingkatan ini melambangkan <i>alam atas</i>, di mana manusia sudah bebas dari segala keinginan dan ikatan bentuk dan rupa, namun belum mencapai <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirwana" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nirwana">nirwana</a>. Pada pelataran lingkaran terdapat 72 dua stupa kecil berterawang yang tersusun dalam tiga barisan yang mengelilingi satu stupa besar sebagai stupa induk. Stupa kecil berbentuk lonceng ini disusun dalam 3 teras lingkaran yang masing-masing berjumlah 32, 24, dan 16 (total 72 stupa). Dua teras terbawah stupanya lebih besar dengan lubang berbentuk belah ketupat, satu teras teratas stupanya sedikit lebih kecil dan lubangnya berbentuk kotak bujur sangkar. Patung-patung Buddha ditempatkan di dalam stupa yang ditutup berlubang-lubang seperti dalam kurungan. Dari luar patung-patung itu masih tampak samar-samar. Rancang bangun ini dengan cerdas menjelaskan konsep peralihan menuju keadaan tanpa wujud, yakni arca Buddha itu ada tetapi tak terlihat.</div>
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Tingkatan tertinggi yang menggambarkan ketiadaan wujud yang sempurna dilambangkan berupa stupa yang terbesar dan tertinggi. Stupa digambarkan polos tanpa lubang-lubang. Di dalam stupa terbesar ini pernah ditemukan patung Buddha yang tidak sempurna atau disebut juga Buddha yang tidak rampung, yang disalahsangkakan sebagai patung 'Adibuddha', padahal melalui penelitian lebih lanjut tidak pernah ada patung di dalam stupa utama, patung yang tidak selesai itu merupakan kesalahan pemahatnya pada zaman dahulu. Menurut kepercayaan patung yang salah dalam proses pembuatannya memang tidak boleh dirusak. Penggalian arkeologi yang dilakukan di halaman candi ini menemukan banyak patung seperti ini. Stupa utama yang dibiarkan kosong diduga bermakna kebijaksanaan tertinggi, yaitu kasunyatan, kesunyian dan ketiadaan sempurna dimana jiwa manusia sudah tidak terikat hasrat, keinginan, dan bentuk serta terbebas dari lingkaran samsara.</div>
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<span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Borobudur&action=edit&section=15" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Struktur bangunan">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Struktur_bangunan">Struktur bangunan</span></h3>
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<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Borobudur_Lion_Guardian.jpg&filetimestamp=20091221143916" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="207" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Borobudur_Lion_Guardian.jpg/170px-Borobudur_Lion_Guardian.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="170" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;">
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Arca singa penjaga gerbang</div>
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<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Borobudur_spout.jpg&filetimestamp=20070408091707" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="127" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Borobudur_spout.jpg/170px-Borobudur_spout.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="170" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;">
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Ukiran raksasa sebagai kepala pancuran drainase</div>
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<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Borobudur_Cross_Section_id.svg&filetimestamp=20111106134415" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="225" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Borobudur_Cross_Section_id.svg/275px-Borobudur_Cross_Section_id.svg.png" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="275" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;">
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Penampang candi Borobudur terdapat rasio perbandingan 4:6:9 antara bagian kaki, tubuh, dan kepala</div>
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<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Lens_Flare_at_Borobudur_Stairs_Kala_Arches.JPG&filetimestamp=20101003171650" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="255" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Lens_Flare_at_Borobudur_Stairs_Kala_Arches.JPG/170px-Lens_Flare_at_Borobudur_Stairs_Kala_Arches.JPG" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="170" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;">
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Tangga Borobudur mendaki melalui serangkaian gapura berukir Kala-Makara</div>
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Sekitar 55.000 meter kubik batu <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andesit" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Andesit">andesit</a> diangkut dari tambang batu dan tempat penatahan untuk membangun monumen ini.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Soekmono16_49-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-Soekmono16-49" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[50]</a></sup> Batu ini dipotong dalam ukuran tertentu, diangkut menuju situs dan disatukan tanpa menggunakan semen. Struktur Borobudur tidak memakai semen sama sekali, melainkan sistem <i>interlock</i> (saling kunci) yaitu seperti balok-balok <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lego" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Lego">lego</a> yang bisa menempel tanpa perekat. Batu-batu ini disatukan dengan tonjolan dan lubang yang tepat dan muat satu sama lain, serta bentuk "ekor merpati" yang mengunci dua blok batu. Relief dibuat di lokasi setelah struktur bangunan dan dinding rampung.</div>
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Monumen ini dilengkapi dengan sistem <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainase" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Drainase">drainase</a> yang cukup baik untuk wilayah dengan curah hujan yang tinggi. Untuk mencegah genangan dan kebanjiran, 100 pancuran dipasang disetiap sudut, masing-masing dengan rancangan yang unik berbentuk kepala raksasa <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kala" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kala">kala</a> atau <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makara" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Makara">makara</a>.</div>
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Borobudur amat berbeda dengan rancangan candi lainnya, candi ini tidak dibangun di atas permukaan datar, tetapi di atas bukit alami. Akan tetapi teknik pembangunannya serupa dengan candi-candi lain di Jawa. Borobudur tidak memiliki ruang-ruang pemujaan seperti candi-candi lain. Yang ada ialah lorong-lorong panjang yang merupakan jalan sempit. Lorong-lorong dibatasi dinding mengelilingi candi tingkat demi tingkat. Secara umum rancang bangun Borobudur mirip dengan<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piramida" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Piramida">piramida</a> berundak. Di lorong-lorong inilah umat Buddha diperkirakan melakukan upacara berjalan kaki mengelilingi candi ke arah kanan. Borobudur mungkin pada awalnya berfungsi lebih sebagai sebuah <i>stupa</i>, daripada kuil atau candi.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Soekmono16_49-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-Soekmono16-49" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[50]</a></sup> <i>Stupa</i> memang dimaksudkan sebagai bangunan suci untuk memuliakan Buddha. Terkadang stupa dibangun sebagai lambang penghormatan dan pemuliaan kepada Buddha. Sementara kuil atau candi lebih berfungsi sebagai rumah ibadah. Rancangannya yang rumit dari monumen ini menunjukkan bahwa bangunan ini memang sebuah bangunan tempat peribadatan. Bentuk bangunan tanpa ruangan dan struktur teras bertingkat-tingkat ini diduga merupakan perkembangan dari bentuk punden berundak, yang merupakan bentuk arsitektur asli dari masa prasejarah Indonesia.</div>
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Menurut legenda setempat arsitek perancang Borobudur bernama <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gunadharma&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Gunadharma (halaman belum tersedia)">Gunadharma</a>, sedikit yang diketahui tentang arsitek misterius ini.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Long_50-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-Long-50" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[51]</a></sup> Namanya lebih berdasarkan dongeng dan legenda Jawa dan bukan berdasarkan prasasti bersejarah. Legenda Gunadharma terkait dengan cerita rakyat mengenai perbukitan Menoreh yang bentuknya menyerupai tubuh orang berbaring. Dongeng lokal ini menceritakan bahwa tubuh Gunadharma yang berbaring berubah menjadi jajaran perbukitan Menoreh, tentu saja legenda ini hanya fiksi dan dongeng belaka.</div>
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Perancangan Borobudur menggunakan satuan ukur <i>tala</i>, yaitu panjang wajah manusia antara ujung garis rambut di dahi hingga ujung dagu, atau jarak jengkal antara ujung ibu jari dengan ujung jari kelingking ketika telapak tangan dikembangkan sepenuhnya.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Atmadi1988_51-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-Atmadi1988-51" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[52]</a></sup> Tentu saja satuan ini bersifat relatif dan sedikit berbeda antar individu, akan tetapi satuan ini tetap pada monumen ini. Penelitian pada 1977 mengungkapkan rasio perbandingan 4:6:9 yang ditemukan di monumen ini. Arsitek menggunakan formula ini untuk menentukan dimensi yang tepat dari suatu <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraktal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Fraktal">fraktal</a> geometri perulangan swa-serupa dalam rancangan Borobudur.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Atmadi1988_51-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-Atmadi1988-51" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[52]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-fraktal_52-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-fraktal-52" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[53]</a></sup> Rasio matematis ini juga ditemukan dalam rancang bangun Candi Mendut dan Pawon di dekatnya. Arkeolog yakin bahwa rasio 4:6:9 dan satuan <i>tala</i> memiliki fungsi dan makna penanggalan, astronomi, dan kosmologi. Hal yang sama juga berlaku di candi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkor_Wat" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Angkor Wat">Angkor Wat</a> di Kamboja.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Long_50-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-Long-50" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[51]</a></sup></div>
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Struktur bangunan dapat dibagi atas tiga bagian: dasar (kaki), tubuh, dan puncak.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Long_50-2" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-Long-50" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[51]</a></sup> Dasar berukuran 123×123 m (403.5 × 403.5 ft) dengan tinggi 4 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meter" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Meter">m</a> (13 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaki_(satuan_panjang)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kaki (satuan panjang)">kaki</a>).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Soekmono16_49-2" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-Soekmono16-49" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[50]</a></sup> Tubuh candi terdiri atas lima batur teras bujur sangkar yang makin mengecil di atasnya. Teras pertama mundur 7 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meter" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Meter">m</a> (23 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaki_(satuan_panjang)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kaki (satuan panjang)">kaki</a>) dari ujung dasar teras. Tiap teras berikutnya mundur 2 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meter" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Meter">m</a> (6.6 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaki_(satuan_panjang)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kaki (satuan panjang)">kaki</a>), menyisakan lorong sempit pada tiap tingkatan. Bagian atas terdiri atas tiga teras melingkar, tiap tingkatan menopang barisan stupa berterawang yang disusun secara konsentris. Terdapat stupa utama yang terbesar di tengah; dengan pucuk mencapai ketinggian 35 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meter" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Meter">m</a> (110 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaki_(satuan_panjang)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kaki (satuan panjang)">kaki</a>) dari permukaan tanah. Tinggi asli Borobudur termasuk chattra (payung susun tiga) yang kini dilepas adalah 42 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meter" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Meter">m</a> (140 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaki_(satuan_panjang)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kaki (satuan panjang)">kaki</a>) . Tangga terletak pada bagian tengah keempat sisi mata angin yang membawa pengunjung menuju bagian puncak monumen melalui serangkaian gerbang pelengkung yang dijaga 32 arca singa. Gawang pintu gerbang dihiasi ukiran <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kala" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kala">Kala</a> pada puncak tengah lowong pintu dan ukiran <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makara" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Makara">makara</a> yang menonjol di kedua sisinya. Motif Kala-Makara lazim ditemui dalam arsitektur pintu candi di Jawa. Pintu utama terletak di sisi timur, sekaligus titik awal untuk membaca kisah relief. Tangga ini lurus terus tersambung dengan tangga pada lereng bukit yang menghubungkan candi dengan dataran di sekitarnya.</div>
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<span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Borobudur&action=edit&section=16" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Relief">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Relief">Relief</span></h2>
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<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:029_LalitavistaraDeva_listening_to_Dhamma.jpg&filetimestamp=20110507100649" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="165" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/029_LalitavistaraDeva_listening_to_Dhamma.jpg/220px-029_LalitavistaraDeva_listening_to_Dhamma.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;">
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<a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:029_LalitavistaraDeva_listening_to_Dhamma.jpg&filetimestamp=20110507100649" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>
Seni pahat Borobudur memiliki kehalusan gaya dan citarasa estetik yang anggun</div>
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<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Borobudur_Reliefs_Position_id.svg&filetimestamp=20111101165253" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="234" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Borobudur_Reliefs_Position_id.svg/220px-Borobudur_Reliefs_Position_id.svg.png" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;">
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<a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Borobudur_Reliefs_Position_id.svg&filetimestamp=20111101165253" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>
Letak relief kisah-kisah naskah suci Buddha di dinding Borobudur</div>
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Pada dinding candi di setiap tingkatan — kecuali pada teras-teras Arupadhatu — dipahatkan panel-panel bas-relief yang dibuat dengan sangat teliti dan halus.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-53" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-53" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[54]</a></sup> Relief dan pola hias Borobudur bergaya naturalis dengan proporsi yang ideal dan selera estetik yang halus. Relief-relief ini sangat indah, bahkan dianggap sebagai yang paling elegan dan anggun dalam kesenian dunia Buddha.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-54" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-54" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[55]</a></sup> Relief Borobudur juga menerapkan disiplin senirupa India, seperti berbagai sikap tubuh yang memiliki makna atau nilai estetis tertentu. Relief-relief berwujud manusia mulia seperti pertapa, raja dan wanita bangsawan,<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidadari" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bidadari">bidadari</a> atapun makhluk yang mencapai derajat kesucian laksana dewa, seperti tara dan boddhisatwa, seringkali digambarkan dengan posisi tubuh tribhanga. Posisi tubuh ini disebut "lekuk tiga" yaitu melekuk atau sedikit condong pada bagian leher, pinggul, dan pergelangan kaki dengan beban tubuh hanya bertumpu pada satu kaki, sementara kaki yang lainnya dilekuk beristirahat. Posisi tubuh yang luwes ini menyiratkan keanggunan, misalnya figur bidadari Surasundari yang berdiri dengan sikap tubuh tribhanga sambil menggenggam teratai bertangkai panjang.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-55" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-55" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[56]</a></sup></div>
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Relief Borobudur menampilkan banyak gambar; seperti sosok manusia baik bangsawan, rakyat jelata, atau pertapa, aneka tumbuhan dan hewan, serta menampilkan bentuk bangunan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsitektur_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Arsitektur Indonesia">vernakular tradisional Nusantara</a>. Borobudur tak ubahnya bagaikan kitab yang merekam berbagai aspek kehidupan masyarakat Jawa kuno. Banyak arkeolog meneliti kehidupan masa lampau di Jawa kuno dan Nusantara abad ke-8 dan ke-9 dengan mencermati dan merujuk ukiran relief Borobudur. Bentuk rumah panggung, lumbung, istana dan candi, bentuk perhiasan, busana serta persenjataan, aneka tumbuhan dan margasatwa, serta alat transportasi, dicermati oleh para peneliti. Salah satunya adalah relief terkenal yang menggambarkan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapal_Borobudur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kapal Borobudur">Kapal Borobudur</a>. Kapal kayu bercadik khas Nusantara ini menunjukkan kebudayaan bahari purbakala. Replika bahtera yang dibuat berdasarkan relief Borobudur tersimpan di<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_Samudra_Raksa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Museum Samudra Raksa">Museum Samudra Raksa</a> yang terletak di sebelah utara Borobudur.</div>
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Relief-relief ini dibaca sesuai arah jarum jam atau disebut <i>mapradaksina</i> dalam bahasa <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Jawa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bahasa Jawa">Jawa Kuna</a> yang berasal dari <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Sansekerta" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bahasa Sansekerta">bahasa Sansekerta</a> <i>daksina</i> yang artinya ialah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Timur">timur</a>. Relief-relief ini bermacam-macam isi ceritanya, antara lain relief-relief cerita <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jataka" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jataka">jātaka</a>. Pembacaan cerita-cerita relief ini senantiasa dimulai, dan berakhir pada pintu gerbang sisi timur di setiap tingkatnya, mulainya di sebelah kiri dan berakhir di sebelah kanan pintu gerbang itu. Maka secara nyata bahwa sebelah timur adalah tangga naik yang sesungguhnya (utama) dan menuju puncak candi, artinya bahwa candi menghadap ke timur meskipun sisi-sisi lainnya serupa benar.</div>
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Adapun susunan dan pembagian relief cerita pada dinding dan pagar langkan candi adalah sebagai berikut.</div>
<table class="wikitable sortable jquery-tablesorter" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f9f9f9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-collapse: collapse; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 1em; margin-top: 1em;"><thead>
<tr><th align="center" colspan="4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: center;">Bagan Relief</th></tr>
<tr><th class="headerSort" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: url(data:image/gif; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; cursor: pointer; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 21px; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: center;" title="Urutkan menaik">Tingkat</th><th class="headerSort" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: url(data:image/gif; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; cursor: pointer; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 21px; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: center;" title="Urutkan menaik">Posisi/letak</th><th class="headerSort" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: url(data:image/gif; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; cursor: pointer; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 21px; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: center;" title="Urutkan menaik">Cerita Relief</th><th class="headerSort" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: url(data:image/gif; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; cursor: pointer; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 21px; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: center;" title="Urutkan menaik">Jumlah Pigura</th></tr>
</thead><tbody>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Kaki candi asli</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">-----</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmawibhangga" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Karmawibhangga">Karmawibhangga</a></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">160</td></tr>
<tr><td rowspan="4" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Tingkat I</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">dinding</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">a. <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lalitawistara&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Lalitawistara (halaman belum tersedia)">Lalitawistara</a></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">120</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">b. <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jataka/awadana&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Jataka/awadana (halaman belum tersedia)">jataka/awadana</a></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">120</td></tr>
<tr><td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">langkan</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">a. jataka/awadana</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">372</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">b. jataka/awadana</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">128</td></tr>
<tr><td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Tingkat II</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">dinding</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gandawyuha&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Gandawyuha (halaman belum tersedia)">Gandawyuha</a></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">128</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">langkan</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">jataka/awadana</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">100</td></tr>
<tr><td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Tingkat III</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">dinding</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Gandawyuha</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">88</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">langkan</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Gandawyuha</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">88</td></tr>
<tr><td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Tingkat IV</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">dinding</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Gandawyuha</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">84</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">langkan</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Gandawyuha</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">72</td></tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="3" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Jumlah</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">1460</td></tr>
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Secara runtutan, maka cerita pada relief candi secara singkat bermakna sebagai berikut :</div>
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<b>Karmawibhangga</b></div>
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<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Karmawibhangga_Borobudur.jpg&filetimestamp=20070925015424" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="165" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/1/1c/Karmawibhangga_Borobudur.jpg/220px-Karmawibhangga_Borobudur.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;">
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<a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Karmawibhangga_Borobudur.jpg&filetimestamp=20070925015424" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>
Salah satu ukiran Karmawibhangga di dinding candi Borobudur (lantai 0 sudut tenggara)</div>
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Sesuai dengan makna simbolis pada kaki candi, relief yang menghiasi dinding batur yang terselubung tersebut menggambarkan hukum karma. Karmawibhangga adalah naskah yang menggambarkan ajaran mengenai karma, yakni sebab-akibat perbuatan baik dan jahat. Deretan relief tersebut bukan merupakan cerita seri (serial), tetapi pada setiap pigura menggambarkan suatu cerita yang mempunyai hubungan sebab akibat. Relief tersebut tidak saja memberi gambaran terhadap perbuatan tercela manusia disertai dengan hukuman yang akan diperolehnya, tetapi juga perbuatan baik manusia dan <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pahala&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Pahala (halaman belum tersedia)">pahala</a>. Secara keseluruhan merupakan penggambaran kehidupan manusia dalam lingkaran lahir - hidup - mati (<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsara" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Samsara">samsara</a>) yang tidak pernah berakhir, dan oleh agama Buddha rantai tersebutlah yang akan diakhiri untuk menuju kesempurnaan. Kini hanya bagian tenggara yang terbuka dan dapat dilihat oleh pengujung. Foto lengkap relief Karmawibhangga dapat disaksikan di Museum Karmawibhangga di sisi utara candi Borobudur.</div>
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<b>Lalitawistara</b></div>
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<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Siddharta_Gautama_Borobudur.jpg&filetimestamp=20080501135353" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="122" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Siddharta_Gautama_Borobudur.jpg/220px-Siddharta_Gautama_Borobudur.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;">
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<a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Siddharta_Gautama_Borobudur.jpg&filetimestamp=20080501135353" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>
Pangeran <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siddhartha_Gautama" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Siddhartha Gautama">Siddhartha Gautama</a> mencukur rambutnya dan menjadi pertapa</div>
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Merupakan penggambaran riwayat Sang Buddha dalam deretan relief-relief (tetapi bukan merupakan riwayat yang lengkap) yang dimulai dari turunnya Sang Buddha dari surga Tushita, dan berakhir dengan wejangan pertama di Taman Rusa dekat kota Banaras. Relief ini berderet dari tangga pada sisi sebelah selatan, setelah melampui deretan relief sebanyak 27 pigura yang dimulai dari tangga sisi timur. Ke-27 pigura tersebut menggambarkan kesibukan, baik di sorga maupun di dunia, sebagai persiapan untuk menyambut hadirnya penjelmaan terakhir Sang Bodhisattwa selaku calon Buddha. Relief tersebut menggambarkan lahirnya Sang Buddha di arcapada ini sebagai Pangeran Siddhartha, putra Raja Suddhodana dan Permaisuri Maya dari Negeri Kapilawastu. Relief tersebut berjumlah 120 pigura, yang berakhir dengan wejangan pertama, yang secara simbolis dinyatakan sebagai Pemutaran Roda Dharma, ajaran Sang Buddha di sebut <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharma" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Dharma">dharma</a> yang juga berarti "hukum", sedangkan dharma dilambangkan sebagai roda.</div>
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<b>Jataka dan Awadana</b></div>
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Jataka adalah berbagai cerita tentang Sang Buddha sebelum dilahirkan sebagai Pangeran Siddharta. Isinya merupakan pokok penonjolan perbuatan-perbuatan baik, seperti sikap rela berkorban dan suka menolong yang membedakan Sang Bodhisattwa dari makhluk lain manapun juga. Beberapa kisah Jataka menampilkan kisah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabel" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Fabel">fabel</a> yakni kisah yang melibatkan tokoh satwa yang bersikap dan berpikir seperti manusia. Sesungguhnya, pengumpulan jasa atau perbuatan baik merupakan tahapan persiapan dalam usaha menuju ketingkat ke-Buddha-an.</div>
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Sedangkan Awadana, pada dasarnya hampir sama dengan Jataka akan tetapi pelakunya bukan Sang Bodhisattwa, melainkan orang lain dan ceritanya dihimpun dalam kitab <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diwyawadana&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Diwyawadana (halaman belum tersedia)">Diwyawadana</a> yang berarti perbuatan mulia kedewaan, dan kitab Awadanasataka atau seratus cerita Awadana. Pada relief candi Borobudur Jataka dan Awadana, diperlakukan sama, artinya keduanya terdapat dalam deretan yang sama tanpa dibedakan. Himpunan yang paling terkenal dari kehidupan Sang Bodhisattwa adalah Jatakamala atau untaian cerita Jataka, karya penyair Aryasura yang hidup dalam abad ke-4 Masehi.</div>
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<b>Gandawyuha</b></div>
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Merupakan deretan relief menghiasi dinding lorong ke-2,adalah cerita <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sudhana&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Sudhana (halaman belum tersedia)">Sudhana</a> yang berkelana tanpa mengenal lelah dalam usahanya mencari Pengetahuan Tertinggi tentang Kebenaran Sejati oleh Sudhana. Penggambarannya dalam 460 pigura didasarkan pada kitab suci Buddha Mahayana yang berjudul Gandawyuha, dan untuk bagian penutupnya berdasarkan cerita kitab lainnya yaitu Bhadracari.</div>
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<span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Borobudur&action=edit&section=17" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Arca Buddha">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Arca_Buddha">Arca Buddha</span></h2>
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<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Buddha_in_the_Stupa_Borobudur.jpg&filetimestamp=20100806151444" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="227" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Buddha_in_the_Stupa_Borobudur.jpg/170px-Buddha_in_the_Stupa_Borobudur.jpg" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="170" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;">
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<a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Buddha_in_the_Stupa_Borobudur.jpg&filetimestamp=20100806151444" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>
Sebuah arca Buddha di dalam stupa berterawang</div>
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Selain wujud buddha dalam kosmologi buddhis yang terukir di dinding, di Borobudur terdapat banyak arca buddha duduk bersila dalam posisi teratai serta menampilkan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudra" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mudra">mudra</a> atau sikap tangan simbolis tertentu. Patung buddha dengan tinggi 1,5 meter ini dipahat dari bahan batu andesit.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Kompas_1-3" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-Kompas-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[2]</a></sup></div>
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Patung buddha dalam relung-relung di tingkat <i>Rupadhatu</i>, diatur berdasarkan barisan di sisi luar pagar langkan. Jumlahnya semakin berkurang pada sisi atasnya. Barisan pagar langkan pertama terdiri dari 104 relung, baris kedua 104 relung, baris ketiga 88 relung, baris keempat 72 relung, dan baris kelima 64 relung. Jumlah total terdapat 432 arca Buddha di tingkat <i>Rupadhatu</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-p35-36_0-1" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-p35-36-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[1]</a></sup> Pada bagian <i>Arupadhatu</i> (tiga pelataran melingkar), arca Buddha diletakkan di dalam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Stupa">stupa</a>-stupa berterawang (berlubang). Pada pelataran melingkar pertama terdapat 32 stupa, pelataran kedua 24 stupa, dan pelataran ketiga terdapat 16 stupa, semuanya total 72 stupa.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-p35-36_0-2" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-p35-36-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[1]</a></sup> Dari jumlah asli sebanyak 504 arca Buddha, lebih dari 300 telah rusak (kebanyakan tanpa kepala) dan 43 hilang (sejak penemuan monumen ini, kepala buddha sering dicuri sebagai barang koleksi, kebanyakan oleh museum luar negeri).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-56" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-56" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[57]</a></sup></div>
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Secara sepintas semua arca buddha ini terlihat serupa, akan tetapi terdapat perbedaan halus diantaranya, yaitu pada <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudra" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mudra">mudra</a></i> atau posisi sikap tangan. Terdapat lima golongan <i>mudra</i>: Utara, Timur, Selatan, Barat, dan Tengah, kesemuanya berdasarkan lima arah utama kompas menurut ajaran <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayana" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a>. Keempat pagar langkan memiliki empat <i>mudra</i>: Utara, Timur, Selatan, dan Barat, dimana masing-masing arca buddha yang menghadap arah tersebut menampilkan <i>mudra</i> yang khas. Arca Buddha pada pagar langkan kelima dan arca buddha di dalam 72 stupa berterawang di pelataran atas menampilkan <i>mudra</i>: Tengah atau Pusat. Masing-masing <i>mudra</i>melambangkan lima Dhyani Buddha; masing-masing dengan makna simbolisnya tersendiri.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-57" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_note-57" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[58]</a></sup></div>
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Mengikuti urutan <i>Pradakshina</i> yaitu gerakan mengelilingi searah jarum jam dimulai dari sisi Timur, maka <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudra" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mudra">mudra</a></i> arca-arca buddha di Borobudur adalah:</div>
<table border="1" class="wikitable sortable jquery-tablesorter" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f9f9f9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-collapse: collapse; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 1em; margin-top: 1em;"><thead>
<tr><th class="headerSort" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: url(data:image/gif; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; cursor: pointer; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 21px; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: center;" title="Urutkan menaik" width="70px">Arca</th><th class="headerSort" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: url(data:image/gif; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; cursor: pointer; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 21px; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: center;" title="Urutkan menaik" width="70px">Mudra</th><th class="headerSort" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: url(data:image/gif; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; cursor: pointer; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 21px; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: center;" title="Urutkan menaik" width="100px">Melambangkan</th><th class="headerSort" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: url(data:image/gif; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; cursor: pointer; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 21px; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: center;" title="Urutkan menaik" width="80px">Dhyani Buddha</th><th class="headerSort" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: url(data:image/gif; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; cursor: pointer; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 21px; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: center;" title="Urutkan menaik" width="80px">Arah Mata Angin</th><th class="headerSort" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: url(data:image/gif; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; cursor: pointer; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 21px; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: center;" title="Urutkan menaik" width="100px">Lokasi Arca</th></tr>
</thead><tbody>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Boeddhabeeld_van_de_Borobudur_TMnr_10016277.jpg&filetimestamp=20091126215925" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Boeddhabeeld van de Borobudur TMnr 10016277.jpg" height="94" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Boeddhabeeld_van_de_Borobudur_TMnr_10016277.jpg/70px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Boeddhabeeld_van_de_Borobudur_TMnr_10016277.jpg" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="70" /></a></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><i>Bhumisparsa mudra</i></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Memanggil bumi sebagai saksi</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aksobhya&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Aksobhya (halaman belum tersedia)">Aksobhya</a></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Timur</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Relung di pagar langkan 4 baris pertama <i>Rupadhatu</i> sisi timur</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Boeddhabeeld_van_de_Borobudur_TMnr_60013976.jpg&filetimestamp=20091126153555" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Boeddhabeeld van de Borobudur TMnr 60013976.jpg" height="86" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Boeddhabeeld_van_de_Borobudur_TMnr_60013976.jpg/70px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Boeddhabeeld_van_de_Borobudur_TMnr_60013976.jpg" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="70" /></a></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><i>Wara mudra</i></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Kedermawanan</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ratnasambhawa&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Ratnasambhawa (halaman belum tersedia)">Ratnasambhawa</a></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Selatan</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Relung di pagar langkan 4 baris pertama <i>Rupadhatu</i> sisi selatan</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Boeddhabeeld_van_de_Borobudur_voorstellende_Dhyani_Boeddha_Amitabha_TMnr_10016276.jpg&filetimestamp=20091126215938" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Boeddhabeeld van de Borobudur voorstellende Dhyani Boeddha Amitabha TMnr 10016276.jpg" height="87" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Boeddhabeeld_van_de_Borobudur_voorstellende_Dhyani_Boeddha_Amitabha_TMnr_10016276.jpg/70px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Boeddhabeeld_van_de_Borobudur_voorstellende_Dhyani_Boeddha_Amitabha_TMnr_10016276.jpg" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="70" /></a></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><i>Dhyana mudra</i></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Semadi atau meditasi</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amitabha" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Amitabha">Amitabha</a></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Barat</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Relung di pagar langkan 4 baris pertama <i>Rupadhatu</i> sisi barat</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Boeddhabeeld_van_de_Borobudur_voorstellende_Dhyani_Boeddha_Amogasiddha_TMnr_10016274.jpg&filetimestamp=20091126215957" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Boeddhabeeld van de Borobudur voorstellende Dhyani Boeddha Amogasiddha TMnr 10016274.jpg" height="88" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Boeddhabeeld_van_de_Borobudur_voorstellende_Dhyani_Boeddha_Amogasiddha_TMnr_10016274.jpg/70px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Boeddhabeeld_van_de_Borobudur_voorstellende_Dhyani_Boeddha_Amogasiddha_TMnr_10016274.jpg" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="70" /></a></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><i>Abhaya mudra</i></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Ketidakgentaran</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amoghasiddhi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Amoghasiddhi">Amoghasiddhi</a></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Utara</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Relung di pagar langkan 4 baris pertama <i>Rupadhatu</i> sisi utara</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Boeddhabeeld_van_de_Borobudur_voorstellende_Dhyani_Boeddha_Vairocana_TMnr_10015947.jpg&filetimestamp=20091126220028" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Boeddhabeeld van de Borobudur voorstellende Dhyani Boeddha Vairocana TMnr 10015947.jpg" height="87" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Boeddhabeeld_van_de_Borobudur_voorstellende_Dhyani_Boeddha_Vairocana_TMnr_10015947.jpg/70px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Boeddhabeeld_van_de_Borobudur_voorstellende_Dhyani_Boeddha_Vairocana_TMnr_10015947.jpg" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="70" /></a></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><i>Witarka mudra</i></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Akal budi</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wairocana" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wairocana">Wairocana</a></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Tengah</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Relung di pagar langkan baris kelima (teratas) <i>Rupadhatu</i>semua sisi</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Boeddhabeeld_van_de_Borobudur_TMnr_60019836.jpg&filetimestamp=20091126153609" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Boeddhabeeld van de Borobudur TMnr 60019836.jpg" height="90" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Boeddhabeeld_van_de_Borobudur_TMnr_60019836.jpg/70px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Boeddhabeeld_van_de_Borobudur_TMnr_60019836.jpg" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="70" /></a></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><i>Dharmachakra mudra</i></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Pemutaran roda dharma</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wairocana" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wairocana">Wairocana</a></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Tengah</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Di dalam 72 stupa di 3 teras melingkar <i>Arupadhatu</i></td></tr>
</tbody><tfoot></tfoot></table>
<h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;">
<span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Borobudur&action=edit&section=18" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Ikhtisar waktu proses pemugaran Candi Borobudur">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Ikhtisar_waktu_proses_pemugaran_Candi_Borobudur">Ikhtisar waktu proses pemugaran Candi Borobudur</span></h2>
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1814" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1814">1814</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stamford_Raffles" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Stamford Raffles">Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles</a>, Gubernur Jenderal Britania Raya di Jawa, mendengar adanya penemuan benda purbakala di desa Borobudur. Raffles memerintahkan <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H.C._Cornelius&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="H.C. Cornelius (halaman belum tersedia)">H.C. Cornelius</a> untuk menyelidiki lokasi penemuan, berupa bukit yang dipenuhi semak belukar.</li>
</ul>
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1873">1873</a> - monografi pertama tentang candi diterbitkan.</li>
</ul>
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1900">1900</a> - pemerintahan Hindia Belanda menetapkan sebuah panitia pemugaran dan perawatan candi Borobudur.</li>
</ul>
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1907" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1907">1907</a> - <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theodoor_van_Erp&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Theodoor van Erp (halaman belum tersedia)">Theodoor van Erp</a> memimpin pemugaran hingga tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1911" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1911">1911</a>.</li>
</ul>
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1926" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1926">1926</a> - Borobudur dipugar kembali, tapi terhenti pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1940">1940</a> akibat krisis <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malaise&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Malaise (halaman belum tersedia)">malaise</a></i> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Perang Dunia II">Perang Dunia II</a>.</li>
</ul>
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1956">1956</a> - Pemerintah Indonesia meminta bantuan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>. <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prof._Dr._C._Coremans&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Prof. Dr. C. Coremans (halaman belum tersedia)">Prof. Dr. C. Coremans</a> datang ke Indonesia dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Belgia">Belgia</a> untuk meneliti sebab-sebab kerusakan Borobudur.</li>
</ul>
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1963">1963</a> - Pemerintah Indonesia mengeluarkan surat keputusan untuk memugar Borobudur, tapi berantakan setelah terjadi peristiwa <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-30-S" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="G-30-S">G-30-S</a>.</li>
</ul>
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1968">1968</a> - Pada konferensi-15 di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perancis" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Perancis">Perancis</a>, UNESCO setuju untuk memberi bantuan untuk menyelamatkan Borobudur.</li>
</ul>
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1971">1971</a> - Pemerintah Indonesia membentuk badan pemugaran Borobudur yang diketuai Prof.Ir.<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roosseno" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Roosseno">Roosseno</a>.</li>
</ul>
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1972">1972</a> - <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Consultative_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="International Consultative Committee (halaman belum tersedia)">International Consultative Committee</a> dibentuk dengan melibatkan berbagai negara dan Roosseno sebagai ketuanya. Komite yang disponsori UNESCO menyediakan 5 juta dolar Amerika Serikat dari biaya pemugaran 7.750 juta dolar Amerika Serikat. Sisanya ditanggung Indonesia.</li>
</ul>
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/10_Agustus" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="10 Agustus">10 Agustus</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1973">1973</a> - Presiden <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soeharto" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Soeharto">Soeharto</a> meresmikan dimulainya pemugaran Borobudur; pemugaran selesai pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1984">1984</a></li>
</ul>
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/21_Januari" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="21 Januari">21 Januari</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1985">1985</a> - terjadi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bom_Candi_Borobudur_1985" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bom Candi Borobudur 1985">serangan bom</a> yang merusakkan beberapa stupa pada Candi Borobudur yang kemudian segera diperbaiki kembali. Serangan dilakukan oleh kelompok Islam ekstremis yang dipimpin oleh <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Husein_Ali_Al_Habsyi&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Husein Ali Al Habsyi (halaman belum tersedia)">Husein Ali Al Habsyi</a>.</li>
</ul>
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1991">1991</a> - Borobudur ditetapkan sebagai <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warisan_Dunia_UNESCO" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Warisan Dunia UNESCO">Warisan Dunia UNESCO</a>.</li>
</ul>
<h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;">
<span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Borobudur&action=edit&section=19" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Referensi">Referensi</span></h2>
<div class="references-small references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-webkit-column-count: 2; font-size: 12px; list-style-type: decimal;">
<ol class="references" style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<li id="cite_note-p35-36-0" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>^</b> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-p35-36_0-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">a</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-p35-36_0-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">b</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-p35-36_0-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">c</sup></a> Soekmono (1976), page 35–36.</li>
<li id="cite_note-Kompas-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>^</b> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-Kompas_1-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">a</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-Kompas_1-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">b</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-Kompas_1-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">c</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-Kompas_1-3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">d</sup></a> Kartapranata, Gunawan, "Upacara Waisak di Borobudur (Infografik)", <i>Harian "Kompas"</i>, 1 Juni 2007.</li>
<li id="cite_note-Soekmono4-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>^</b> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-Soekmono4_2-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">a</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-Soekmono4_2-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">b</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-Soekmono4_2-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">c</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-Soekmono4_2-3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">d</sup></a> Soekmono (1976), page 4.</li>
<li id="cite_note-unesco-whc-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>^</b> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-unesco-whc_3-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">a</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-unesco-whc_3-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">b</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-unesco-whc_3-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">c</sup></a> <span class="citation web" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><a class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/592" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">"Borobudur Temple Compounds"</a>. <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=UNESCO_World_Heritage_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="UNESCO World Heritage Centre (halaman belum tersedia)">UNESCO World Heritage Centre</a></i>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses pada 28 Desember 2008</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Borobudur+Temple+Compounds&rft.atitle=%5B%5BUNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre%5D%5D&rft.pub=%5B%5BUNESCO%5D%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F592&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Borobudur"></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">^</a></b> <span class="citation book" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><i>Indonesia</i>. Melbourne: Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd. 1 November 2003. hlm. 211–215.<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1-74059-154-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1-74059-154-2">1-74059-154-2</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indonesia&rft.date=November+2003&rft.pages=hlm.%26nbsp%3B211%E2%80%93215&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet+Publications+Pty+Ltd&rft.isbn=1-74059-154-2&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Borobudur"></span>.</li>
<li id="cite_note-Hampton2004-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>^</b> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-Hampton2004_5-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">a</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-Hampton2004_5-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">b</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-Hampton2004_5-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">c</sup></a> <span class="citation Journal" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Mark P. Hampton (2005). "Heritage, Local Communities and Economic Development".<i>Annals of Tourism Research</i> <b>32</b> (3): 735–759. <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.annals.2004.10.010" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">10.1016/j.annals.2004.10.010</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Heritage%2C+Local+Communities+and+Economic+Development&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Tourism+Research&rft.aulast=Mark+P.+Hampton&rft.au=Mark+P.+Hampton&rft.date=2005&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=735%E2%80%93759&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.annals.2004.10.010&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Borobudur"></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Sedyawati1997-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>^</b> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-Sedyawati1997_6-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">a</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-Sedyawati1997_6-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">b</sup></a> <cite style="font-style: normal; word-wrap: break-word;">E. Sedyawati (1997). "Potential and Challenges of Tourism: Managing the National Cultural Heritage of Indonesia". W. Nuryanti (ed.) <i>Tourism and Heritage Management</i>: 25–35, Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=proceeding&rft.btitle=Tourism+and+Heritage+Management&rft.atitle=Potential+and+Challenges+of+Tourism%3A+Managing+the+National+Cultural+Heritage+of+Indonesia&rft.au=E.+Sedyawati&rft.date=1997&rft.pub=Gajah+Mada+University+Press&rft.place=Yogyakarta&rft.pages=25%E2%80%9335"> </span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Soekmono13-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>^</b> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-Soekmono13_7-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">a</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-Soekmono13_7-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">b</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-Soekmono13_7-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">c</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-Soekmono13_7-3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">d</sup></a> Soekmono (1976), page 13.</li>
<li id="cite_note-Raffles1814-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>^</b> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-Raffles1814_8-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">a</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-Raffles1814_8-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">b</sup></a> <span class="citation book" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Thomas_Raffles" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sir Thomas Raffles">Thomas Stamford Raffles</a> (1817). <i>The History of Java</i> (edisi ke-1978). Oxford University Press. <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-19-580347-7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-19-580347-7">0-19-580347-7</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Java&rft.aulast=Thomas+Stamford+Raffles&rft.au=Thomas+Stamford+Raffles&rft.date=1817&rft.edition=1978&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.isbn=0-19-580347-7&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Borobudur"></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-moens-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>^</b> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-moens_9-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">a</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-moens_9-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">b</sup></a> <span class="citation Journal" style="word-wrap: break-word;">J. L. Moens (1951). <a class="external text" href="http://www.borobudur.tv/Barabudur_Mendut_Pawon.pdf" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">"Barabudur, Mendut en Pawon en hun onderlinge samenhang (<i>Barabudur, Mendut and Pawon and their mutual relationship</i>)"</a> (PDF). <i>Tijdschrift voor de Indische Taai-, Land- en Volkenkunde</i> (Het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen): 326–386. "trans. by Mark Long".</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Barabudur%2C+Mendut+en+Pawon+en+hun+onderlinge+samenhang+%28%27%27Barabudur%2C+Mendut+and+Pawon+and+their+mutual+relationship%27%27%29&rft.jtitle=Tijdschrift+voor+de+Indische+Taai-%2C+Land-+en+Volkenkunde&rft.aulast=J.+L.+Moens&rft.au=J.+L.+Moens&rft.date=1951&rft.pages=326%E2%80%93386&rft.pub=Het+Bataviaasch+Genootschap+van+Kunsten+en+Wetenschappen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.borobudur.tv%2FBarabudur_Mendut_Pawon.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Borobudur"></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-casparis-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>^</b> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-casparis_10-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">a</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-casparis_10-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">b</sup></a> J.G. de Casparis, "The Dual Nature of Barabudur", in Gómez and Woodward (1981), page 70 and 83.</li>
<li id="cite_note-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-11" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">^</a></b> <span class="citation book" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Drs. R. Soekmono, (1973, 5th reprint edition in 1988). Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia 2<i>, 2nd ed.</i>. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kanisius. hlm. 46.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%27%27Pengantar+Sejarah+Kebudayaan+Indonesia+2%27%27%2C+2nd+ed.&rft.aulast=Drs.+R.+Soekmono%2C&rft.au=Drs.+R.+Soekmono%2C&rft.date=1973%2C+5th+reprint+edition+in+1988&rft.pages=hlm.%26nbsp%3B46&rft.place=Yogyakarta&rft.pub=Penerbit+Kanisius&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Borobudur"></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-12" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">^</a></b> <span class="citation web" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Walubi. <a class="external text" href="http://www.walubi.or.id/waisak2004/Borobudur%20-%20Candi%20Berbukit%20Kebajikan.shtml" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">"Borobudur : Candi Berbukit Kebajikan"</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Borobudur+%3A+Candi+Berbukit+Kebajikan&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Walubi&rft.au=Walubi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.walubi.or.id%2Fwaisak2004%2FBorobudur%2520-%2520Candi%2520Berbukit%2520Kebajikan.shtml&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Borobudur"></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-p1-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-p1_13-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">^</a></b> Soekmono (1976), page 1.</li>
<li id="cite_note-krom-14" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-krom_14-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">^</a></b> <span class="citation book" style="word-wrap: break-word;">N. J. Krom (1927). <a class="external text" href="http://www.borobudur.tv/mendut_borobudur.htm" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;"><i>Borobudur, Archaeological Description</i></a>. The Hague: Nijhoff<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses pada 17 Agustus 2008</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Borobudur%2C+Archaeological+Description&rft.aulast=N.+J.+Krom&rft.au=N.+J.+Krom&rft.date=1927&rft.place=The+Hague&rft.pub=Nijhoff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.borobudur.tv%2Fmendut_borobudur.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Borobudur"></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Murwanto-15" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>^</b> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-Murwanto_15-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">a</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-Murwanto_15-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">b</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-Murwanto_15-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">c</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-Murwanto_15-3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">d</sup></a> <span class="citation Journal" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Murwanto, H.; Gunnell, Y; Suharsono, S.; Sutikno, S. and Lavigne, F (2004). "Borobudur monument (Java, Indonesia) stood by a natural lake: chronostratigraphic evidence and historical implications". <i>The Holocene</i> <b>14</b> (3): 459–463. <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1191%2F0959683604hl721rr" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">10.1191/0959683604hl721rr</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Borobudur+monument+%28Java%2C+Indonesia%29+stood+by+a+natural+lake%3A+chronostratigraphic+evidence+and+historical+implications&rft.jtitle=The+Holocene&rft.aulast=Murwanto%2C+H.%3B+Gunnell%2C+Y%3B+Suharsono%2C+S.%3B+Sutikno%2C+S.+and+Lavigne%2C+F&rft.au=Murwanto%2C+H.%3B+Gunnell%2C+Y%3B+Suharsono%2C+S.%3B+Sutikno%2C+S.+and+Lavigne%2C+F&rft.date=2004&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=459%E2%80%93463&rft_id=info:doi/10.1191%2F0959683604hl721rr&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Borobudur"></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-16" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-16" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">^</a></b> R.W. van Bemmelen (1949). <i>The geology of Indonesia, general geology of Indonesia and adjacent archipelago, vol 1A</i>, The Hague, Government Printing Office, Martinus Nijhoff. cited in Murwanto (2004).</li>
<li id="cite_note-17" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-17" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">^</a></b> <span class="citation Journal" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Newhall C.G., Bronto S., Alloway B., Banks N.G., Bahar I., del Marmol M.A., Hadisantono R.D., Holcomb R.T., McGeehin J., Miksic J.N., Rubin M., Sayudi S.D., Sukhyar R., Andreastuti S., Tilling R.I., Torley R., Trimble D., and Wirakusumah A.D. (2000). "10,000 Years of explosive eruptions of Merapi Volcano, Central Java: archaeological and modern implications". <i>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research</i> <b>100</b> (1): 9–50. <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0377-0273%2800%2900132-3" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00132-3</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=10%2C000+Years+of+explosive+eruptions+of+Merapi+Volcano%2C+Central+Java%3A+archaeological+and+modern+implications&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Volcanology+and+Geothermal+Research&rft.aulast=Newhall+C.G.%2C+Bronto+S.%2C+Alloway+B.%2C+Banks+N.G.%2C+Bahar+I.%2C+del+Marmol+M.A.%2C+Hadisantono+R.D.%2C+Holcomb+R.T.%2C+McGeehin+J.%2C+Miksic+J.N.%2C+Rubin+M.%2C+Sayudi+S.D.%2C+Sukhyar+R.%2C+Andreastuti+S.%2C+Tilling+R.I.%2C+Torley+R.%2C+Trimble+D.%2C+and+Wirakusumah+A.D.&rft.au=Newhall+C.G.%2C+Bronto+S.%2C+Alloway+B.%2C+Banks+N.G.%2C+Bahar+I.%2C+del+Marmol+M.A.%2C+Hadisantono+R.D.%2C+Holcomb+R.T.%2C+McGeehin+J.%2C+Miksic+J.N.%2C+Rubin+M.%2C+Sayudi+S.D.%2C+Sukhyar+R.%2C+Andreastuti+S.%2C+Tilling+R.I.%2C+Torley+R.%2C+Trimble+D.%2C+and+Wirakusumah+A.D.&rft.date=2000&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=9%E2%80%9350&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0377-0273%2800%2900132-3&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Borobudur"></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Soekmono9-18" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>^</b> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-Soekmono9_18-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">a</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-Soekmono9_18-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">b</sup></a> Soekmono (1976), page 9.</li>
<li id="cite_note-19" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-19" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">^</a></b> Miksic (1990)</li>
<li id="cite_note-Dumarcay-20" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>^</b> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-Dumarcay_20-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">a</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-Dumarcay_20-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">b</sup></a> Dumarçay (1991).</li>
<li id="cite_note-21" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-21" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">^</a></b> <span class="citation book" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Paul Michel Munoz (2007). <i>Early Kingdoms of the Indonesian Archipelago and the Malay Peninsula</i>. Singapore: Didier Millet. hlm. 143. <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/981-4155-67-5" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/981-4155-67-5">981-4155-67-5</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Kingdoms+of+the+Indonesian+Archipelago+and+the+Malay+Peninsula&rft.aulast=Paul+Michel+Munoz&rft.au=Paul+Michel+Munoz&rft.date=2007&rft.pages=hlm.%26nbsp%3B143&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pub=Didier+Millet&rft.isbn=981-4155-67-5&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Borobudur"></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-holing-22" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-holing_22-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">^</a></b> <span class="citation Journal" style="word-wrap: break-word;">W. J. van der Meulen (1977). <a class="external text" href="http://cip.cornell.edu/DPubS?service=UI&version=1.0&verb=Display&handle=seap.indo/1107118718" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">"In Search of "Ho-Ling""</a>. <i>Indonesia</i> <b>23</b>: 87–112.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=In+Search+of+%22Ho-Ling%22&rft.jtitle=Indonesia&rft.aulast=W.+J.+van+der+Meulen&rft.au=W.+J.+van+der+Meulen&rft.date=1977&rft.volume=23&rft.pages=87%E2%80%93112&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcip.cornell.edu%2FDPubS%3Fservice%3DUI%26version%3D1.0%26verb%3DDisplay%26handle%3Dseap.indo%2F1107118718&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Borobudur"></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-meulen-23" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>^</b> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-meulen_23-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">a</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-meulen_23-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">b</sup></a> <span class="citation Journal" style="word-wrap: break-word;">W. J. van der Meulen (1979). <a class="external text" href="http://cip.cornell.edu/DPubS?service=UI&version=1.0&verb=Display&handle=seap.indo/1107121629" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">"King Sañjaya and His Successors"</a>. <i>Indonesia</i> <b>28</b> (28): 17–54. <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F3350894" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">10.2307/3350894</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=King+Sa%C3%B1jaya+and+His+Successors&rft.jtitle=Indonesia&rft.aulast=W.+J.+van+der+Meulen&rft.au=W.+J.+van+der+Meulen&rft.date=1979&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=28&rft.pages=17%E2%80%9354&rft_id=info:doi/10.2307%2F3350894&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcip.cornell.edu%2FDPubS%3Fservice%3DUI%26version%3D1.0%26verb%3DDisplay%26handle%3Dseap.indo%2F1107121629&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Borobudur"></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Soekmono10-24" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-Soekmono10_24-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">^</a></b> Soekmono (1976), page 10.</li>
<li id="cite_note-hall-25" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>^</b> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-hall_25-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">a</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-hall_25-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">b</sup></a> <span class="citation Journal" style="word-wrap: break-word;">D.G.E. Hall (1956). "Problems of Indonesian Historiography". <i>Pacific Affairs</i> <b>38</b> (3/4): 353–359. <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F2754037" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">10.2307/2754037</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Problems+of+Indonesian+Historiography&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Affairs&rft.aulast=D.G.E.+Hall&rft.au=D.G.E.+Hall&rft.date=1956&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3%2F4&rft.pages=353%E2%80%93359&rft_id=info:doi/10.2307%2F2754037&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Borobudur"></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-26" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-26" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">^</a></b> <span class="citation book" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Roy E. Jordaan (1993). <i>Imagine Buddha in Prambanan: Reconsidering the Buddhist Background of the Loro Jonggrang Temple Complex</i>. Leiden: Vakgroep Talen en Culturen van Zuidoost-Azië en Ocenanië, Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden. <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/90-73084-08-3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/90-73084-08-3">90-73084-08-3</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imagine+Buddha+in+Prambanan%3A+Reconsidering+the+Buddhist+Background+of+the+Loro+Jonggrang+Temple+Complex&rft.aulast=Roy+E.+Jordaan&rft.au=Roy+E.+Jordaan&rft.date=1993&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Vakgroep+Talen+en+Culturen+van+Zuidoost-Azi%C3%AB+en+Ocenani%C3%AB%2C+Rijksuniversiteit+te+Leiden&rft.isbn=90-73084-08-3&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Borobudur"></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-p5-27" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>^</b> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-p5_27-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">a</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-p5_27-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">b</sup></a> Soekmono (1976), page 5.</li>
<li id="cite_note-p6-28" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>^</b> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-p6_28-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">a</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-p6_28-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">b</sup></a> Soekmono (1976), page 6.</li>
<li id="cite_note-p42-29" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>^</b> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-p42_29-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">a</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-p42_29-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">b</sup></a> Soekmono (1976), page 42.</li>
<li id="cite_note-kompas-30" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>^</b> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-kompas_30-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">a</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-kompas_30-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">b</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-kompas_30-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">c</sup></a> "<a class="external text" href="http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0004/07/dikbud/boro09.htm" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">Borobudur Pernah Salah Design?</a>", <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompas" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kompas">Kompas</a></i>, 7 April 2000. Diakses pada 23 Agustus 2008.</li>
<li id="cite_note-p43-31" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-p43_31-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">^</a></b> Soekmono (1976), page 43.</li>
<li id="cite_note-unesco2004-32" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>^</b> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-unesco2004_32-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">a</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-unesco2004_32-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">b</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-unesco2004_32-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">c</sup></a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> (31 August 2004). <i>UNESCO experts mission to Prambanan and Borobudur Heritage Sites</i>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rilis_pers" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Rilis pers">Rilis pers</a>.</li>
<li id="cite_note-1973restoration-33" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>^</b> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-1973restoration_33-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">a</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-1973restoration_33-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">b</sup></a> <span class="citation Journal" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Caesar Voute; Voute, Caesar (1973). "The Restoration and Conservation Project of Borobudur Temple, Indonesia. Planning: Research: Design". <i>Studies in Conservation</i> <b>18</b> (3): 113–130. <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F1505654" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">10.2307/1505654</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Restoration+and+Conservation+Project+of+Borobudur+Temple%2C+Indonesia.+Planning%3A+Research%3A+Design&rft.jtitle=Studies+in+Conservation&rft.aulast=Caesar+Voute&rft.au=Caesar+Voute&rft.au=Voute%2C%26%2332%3BCaesar&rft.date=1973&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=113%E2%80%93130&rft_id=info:doi/10.2307%2F1505654&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Borobudur"></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-34" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-34" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">^</a></b> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>. <i><a class="external text" href="http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001163/116321Eo.pdf" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">Cultural heritage and partnership; 1999</a></i> (PDF). <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rilis_pers" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Rilis pers">Rilis pers</a>. Diakses pada 17 August 2008.</li>
<li id="cite_note-35" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-35" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">^</a></b> Coordinating Ministry for Public Welfare. <i><a class="external text" href="http://menkokesra.go.id/content/view/460/73/" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">Keputusan Bersama tentang Hari Libur Nasional dan Cuti Bersama tahun 2006</a></i> (dalam Indonesian). <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rilis_pers" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Rilis pers">Rilis pers</a>. Diakses pada 17 August 2008.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="line-height: 1em;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title=" sejak June 2011">[<i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Pranala_luar_nonaktif&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Pranala luar nonaktif (halaman belum tersedia)">pranala nonaktif</a></i>]</span></sup></li>
<li id="cite_note-walubi-The_Meaning_of_Procession-36" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-walubi-The_Meaning_of_Procession_36-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">^</a></b> <span class="citation web" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><a class="external text" href="http://www.walubi.or.id/waisak/waisak_emakna_prosesi.shtml" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">"The Meaning of Procession"</a>. <i>Waisak</i>. Walubi (Buddhist Council of Indonesia)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses pada 28 Desember 2008</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Meaning+of+Procession&rft.atitle=Waisak&rft.pub=Walubi+%28Buddhist+Council+of+Indonesia%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.walubi.or.id%2Fwaisak%2Fwaisak_emakna_prosesi.shtml&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Borobudur"></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-37" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-37" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">^</a></b> "<a class="external text" href="http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=MH&s_site=miami&p_multi=MH&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB3619008FD4B9F&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">1,100-Year-Old Buddhist Temple Wrecked By Bombs in Indonesia</a>", <i>The Miami Herald</i>, 22 Januari 1985. Diakses pada 17 Agustus 2008.</li>
<li id="cite_note-38" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-38" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">^</a></b> <span class="citation Journal" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Harold Crouch (2002). <a class="external text" href="http://www.iseas.edu.sg/72002.pdf" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">"The Key Determinants of Indonesia's Political Future"</a> (PDF). <i>Institute of Southeast Asian Studies</i> <b>7</b>. <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0219-3213" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">0219-3213</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Key+Determinants+of+Indonesia%27s+Political+Future&rft.jtitle=Institute+of+Southeast+Asian+Studies&rft.aulast=Harold+Crouch&rft.au=Harold+Crouch&rft.date=2002&rft.volume=7&rft.issn=0219-3213&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iseas.edu.sg%2F72002.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Borobudur"></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-39" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-39" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">^</a></b> Jamie James. "<a class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,501030203-411454,00.html" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">Battle of Borobudur</a>", <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Time_(magazine)&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Time (magazine) (halaman belum tersedia)">Time</a></i>, 27 Januari 2003. Diakses pada 23 Agustus 2008.</li>
<li id="cite_note-40" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-40" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">^</a></b> Sebastien Berger. "<a class="external text" href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/an-ancient-wonder-reduced-to-rubble/2006/05/29/1148754940170.html" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">An ancient wonder reduced to rubble</a>", <i>The Sydney Morning Herald</i>, 30 Mei 2006. Diakses pada 23 Agustus 2008.</li>
<li id="cite_note-UNESCO_report-41" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>^</b> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-UNESCO_report_41-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">a</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-UNESCO_report_41-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">b</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-UNESCO_report_41-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">c</sup></a> <span class="citation web" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><a class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/archive/periodicreporting/apa/cycle01/section2/592.pdf" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">"Section II: Periodic Report on the State of Conservation"</a>. <i>State of Conservation of the World Heritage Properties in the Asia-Pacific Region</i>. UNESCO World Heritage<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses pada 23 Februari 2010</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Section+II%3A+Periodic+Report+on+the+State+of+Conservation&rft.atitle=State+of+Conservation+of+the+World+Heritage+Properties+in+the+Asia-Pacific+Region&rft.pub=UNESCO+World+Heritage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Farchive%2Fperiodicreporting%2Fapa%2Fcycle01%2Fsection2%2F592.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Borobudur"></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-antara2983-42" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-antara2983_42-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">^</a></b> <span class="citation web" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><a class="external text" href="http://antaranews.com/en/news/1289042983/covered-in-volcanic-ash-borobudur-closed-temporarily" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">"Covered in volcanic ash, Borobudur closed temporarily"</a>. from, Magelang, C Java (by ANTARA News). 6 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses pada 6 November 2010</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Covered+in+volcanic+ash%2C+Borobudur+closed+temporarily&rft.atitle=&rft.date=6+November+2010&rft.pub=from%2C+Magelang%2C+C+Java+%28by+ANTARA+News%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fantaranews.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2F1289042983%2Fcovered-in-volcanic-ash-borobudur-closed-temporarily&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Borobudur"></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-43" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-43" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">^</a></b> <span class="citation web" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><a class="external text" href="http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/home/borobudur-temple-forced-to-close-while-workers-remove-merapi-ash/405343" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">"Borobudur Temple Forced to Close While Workers Remove Merapi Ash"</a>. <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jakarta_Globe&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Jakarta Globe (halaman belum tersedia)">Jakarta Globe</a>. 7 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses pada 7 November 2010</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Borobudur+Temple+Forced+to+Close+While+Workers+Remove+Merapi+Ash&rft.atitle=&rft.date=7+November+2010&rft.pub=%5B%5BJakarta+Globe%5D%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejakartaglobe.com%2Fhome%2Fborobudur-temple-forced-to-close-while-workers-remove-merapi-ash%2F405343&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Borobudur"></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-44" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-44" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">^</a></b> <span class="citation web" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><a class="external text" href="http://www.tribunnews.com/2010/11/07/inilah-foto-foto-kerusakan-candi-borobudur" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">"Inilah Foto-foto Kerusakan Candi"</a> (dalam bahasa Indonesian). Tribun News. 7 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses pada 7 November 2010</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Inilah+Foto-foto+Kerusakan+Candi&rft.atitle=&rft.date=7+November+2010&rft.pub=Tribun+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribunnews.com%2F2010%2F11%2F07%2Finilah-foto-foto-kerusakan-candi-borobudur&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Borobudur"></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-45" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-45" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">^</a></b> "<a class="external text" href="http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/02/17/borobudur%E2%80%99s-postmerapi-eruption-rehabilitating-may-take-three-years-official.html" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">Borobudur’s post-Merapi eruption rehabilitating may take three years: Official</a>", 17 Februari 2011.</li>
<li id="cite_note-46" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-46" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">^</a></b> <a class="external free" href="http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/06/28/borobudur-clean-finish-november.html" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/06/28/borobudur-clean-finish-november.html</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-47" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-47" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">^</a></b> <cite style="font-style: normal; word-wrap: break-word;">A. Wayman (1981). "Reflections on the Theory of Barabudur as a Mandala". <i>Barabudu History and Significance of a Buddhist Monument</i>, Berkeley: Asian Humanities Press.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=proceeding&rft.btitle=Barabudu+History+and+Significance+of+a+Buddhist+Monument&rft.atitle=Reflections+on+the+Theory+of+Barabudur+as+a+Mandala&rft.au=A.+Wayman&rft.date=1981&rft.pub=Asian+Humanities+Press&rft.place=Berkeley"> </span></li>
<li id="cite_note-p18-48" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>^</b> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-p18_48-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">a</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-p18_48-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">b</sup></a> Soekmono (1976), page 18.</li>
<li id="cite_note-Soekmono16-49" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>^</b> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-Soekmono16_49-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">a</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-Soekmono16_49-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">b</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-Soekmono16_49-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">c</sup></a> Soekmono (1976), page 16.</li>
<li id="cite_note-Long-50" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>^</b> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-Long_50-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">a</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-Long_50-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">b</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-Long_50-2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">c</sup></a> <span class="citation book" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Caesar Voûte and Mark Long. <a class="external text" href="http://www.borobudur.tv/book_promo.htm" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;"><i>Borobudur: Pyramid of the Cosmic Buddha</i></a>. D.K. Printworld Ltd<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses pada 17 Agustus 2008</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Borobudur%3A+Pyramid+of+the+Cosmic+Buddha&rft.aulast=Caesar+Vo%C3%BBte+and+Mark+Long&rft.au=Caesar+Vo%C3%BBte+and+Mark+Long&rft.pub=D.K.+Printworld+Ltd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.borobudur.tv%2Fbook_promo.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Borobudur"></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Atmadi1988-51" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>^</b> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-Atmadi1988_51-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">a</sup></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-Atmadi1988_51-1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;">b</sup></a> Atmadi (1988).</li>
<li id="cite_note-fraktal-52" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-fraktal_52-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">^</a></b> <span class="citation Journal" style="word-wrap: break-word;">H. Situngkir (2010). <a class="external text" href="http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1672522" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">"Borobudur Was Built Algorithmically"</a>. <i>BFI Working Paper Series WP-9-2010</i> (Bandung Fe Institute).</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Borobudur+Was+Built+Algorithmically&rft.jtitle=BFI+Working+Paper+Series+WP-9-2010&rft.aulast=H.+Situngkir&rft.au=H.+Situngkir&rft.date=2010&rft.pub=Bandung+Fe+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D1672522&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Borobudur"></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-53" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-53" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">^</a></b> <span class="citation web" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><a class="external text" href="http://www.buddhistravel.com/index.php?id=86,377,0,0,1,0" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">"Borobudur"</a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Buddhist Travel. 24 November 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses pada 11 November 2011</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Borobudur&rft.atitle=&rft.date=2008&rft.pub=Buddhist+Travel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buddhistravel.com%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D86%2C377%2C0%2C0%2C1%2C0&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Borobudur"></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-54" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-54" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">^</a></b> <span class="citation web" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Tom Cockrem, Sydney Morening Herald, May 18, 2008 (2008). <a class="external text" href="http://www.buddhistchannel.tv/index.php?id=58,6456,0,0,1,0" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">"Temple of enlightenment"</a>(dalam bahasa Inggris). The Buddhist Channel.tv<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses pada 11 November 2011</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Temple+of+enlightenment&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Tom+Cockrem%2C+Sydney+Morening+Herald%2C+May+18%2C+2008&rft.au=Tom+Cockrem%2C+Sydney+Morening+Herald%2C+May+18%2C+2008&rft.date=2008&rft.pub=The+Buddhist+Channel.tv&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buddhistchannel.tv%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D58%2C6456%2C0%2C0%2C1%2C0&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Borobudur"></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-55" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-55" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">^</a></b> <span class="citation web" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><a class="external text" href="http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/indonesia/borobudur/bor05.html" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">"Surasundari"</a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Art and Archaeology.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses pada 11 November 2011</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Surasundari&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Art+and+Archaeology.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.art-and-archaeology.com%2Findonesia%2Fborobudur%2Fbor05.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Borobudur"></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-56" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-56" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">^</a></b> <span class="citation Journal" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Hiram W. Woodward Jr. (1979). "Acquisition". <i>Critical Inquiry</i> <b>6</b> (2): 291–303.<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F448048" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">10.1086/448048</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Acquisition&rft.jtitle=Critical+Inquiry&rft.aulast=Hiram+W.+Woodward+Jr.&rft.au=Hiram+W.+Woodward+Jr.&rft.date=1979&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=291%E2%80%93303&rft_id=info:doi/10.1086%2F448048&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Borobudur"></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-57" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur#cite_ref-57" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">^</a></b> <span class="citation book" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Roderick S. Bucknell and Martin Stuart-Fox (1995). <i>The Twilight Language: Explorations in Buddhist Meditation and Symbolism</i>. UK: Routledge. <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0700702342" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0700702342">0700702342</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Twilight+Language%3A+Explorations+in+Buddhist+Meditation+and+Symbolism&rft.aulast=Roderick+S.+Bucknell+and+Martin+Stuart-Fox&rft.au=Roderick+S.+Bucknell+and+Martin+Stuart-Fox&rft.date=1995&rft.place=UK&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.isbn=0700702342&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Borobudur"></span></li>
</ol>
</div>
<h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;">
<span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Borobudur&action=edit&section=20" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</span></h2>
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agama_Buddha_di_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Agama Buddha di Indonesia">Agama Buddha di Indonesia</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agama_Buddha_di_Asia_Tenggara" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Agama Buddha di Asia Tenggara">Agama Buddha di Asia Tenggara</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Candi">Candi</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candi_Prambanan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Candi Prambanan">Candi Prambanan</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;">
<span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Borobudur&action=edit&section=21" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Daftar pustaka">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Daftar_pustaka">Daftar pustaka</span></h2>
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Dr. Soekmono, <i>Candi Borobudur - Pusaka Budaya Umat Manusia</i>, Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya (1978)</li>
</ul>
<h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;">
<span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Borobudur&action=edit&section=22" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</span></h2>
<table class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f9f9f9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: right; float: right; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 4px; width: 238px;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="mbox-image" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 0.9em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 2px; text-align: center;"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Borobudur" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; color: #0645ad; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 0px !important; padding-top: 0px !important; text-decoration: none;" title="Search Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Search Wikimedia Commons" height="54" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="40" /></a></td><td class="mbox-text" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 0.9em; padding-right: 0.9em; padding-top: 0.25em; width: 160px;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; color: #0645ad; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 0px !important; padding-top: 0px !important; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> memiliki kategori mengenai <i><b><a class="extiw" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Borobudur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;" title="commons:Category:Borobudur">Borobudur</a></b></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span lang="Indonesia" style="color: #777777; cursor: help; font-size: 0.95em; font-weight: bold;" title="Bahasa Indonesia" xml:lang="Indonesia">(Indonesia)</span> <a class="external text" href="http://indocropcircles.wordpress.com/2011/05/25/jejak-astronomis-di-borobudur.html" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">"Jejak Astronomis di Candi Borobudur" di situs IndoCropCircles.wordpress.com</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span lang="Indonesia" style="color: #777777; cursor: help; font-size: 0.95em; font-weight: bold;" title="Bahasa Indonesia" xml:lang="Indonesia">(Indonesia)</span> <a class="external text" href="http://cityguide.kapanlagi.com/yogyakarta/wisata/35327-candi-borobudur.html" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">Candi Borobudur di CityGuide.KapanLagi.com</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span lang="Indonesia" style="color: #777777; cursor: help; font-size: 0.95em; font-weight: bold;" title="Bahasa Indonesia" xml:lang="Indonesia">(Indonesia)</span> <a class="external text" href="http://ariesaksono.wordpress.com/2008/01/12/candi-borobudur/" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">Candi Borobudur di ariesaksono.wordpress.com</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span lang="Indonesia" style="color: #777777; cursor: help; font-size: 0.95em; font-weight: bold;" title="Bahasa Indonesia" xml:lang="Indonesia">(Indonesia)</span> <a class="external text" href="http://www.yogyes.com/id/yogyakarta-tourism-object/candi/borobudur/" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">Borobudur di yogyes.com</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span lang="Indonesia" style="color: #777777; cursor: help; font-size: 0.95em; font-weight: bold;" title="Bahasa Indonesia" xml:lang="Indonesia">(Indonesia)</span> <a class="external text" href="http://kumpulan.info/wisata/tempat-wisata/53-tempat-wisata/182-candi-borobudur.html" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">Borobudur di kumpulan.info</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span lang="Inggris" style="color: #777777; cursor: help; font-size: 0.95em; font-weight: bold;" title="Bahasa Inggris" xml:lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/592" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">Borobudur Temple Compounds</a> di situs <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situs_Warisan_Dunia_UNESCO" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO">UNESCO World Heritage Centre</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span lang="Inggris" style="color: #777777; cursor: help; font-size: 0.95em; font-weight: bold;" title="Bahasa Inggris" xml:lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a class="external text" href="http://www.borobudurpark.com/" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">Situs web resmi PT. Taman Wisata Candi</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span lang="Inggris" style="color: #777777; cursor: help; font-size: 0.95em; font-weight: bold;" title="Bahasa Inggris" xml:lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a class="external text" href="http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0002/000200/020097E.pdf" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">UNESCO Documents: Informasi terperinci mengenai Candi Borobudur</a> (format PDF)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span lang="Inggris" style="color: #777777; cursor: help; font-size: 0.95em; font-weight: bold;" title="Bahasa Inggris" xml:lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a class="external text" href="http://rubens.anu.edu.au/htdocs/bycountry/indonesia/borobudur/" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">Dokumen foto Candi Borobudur</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span lang="Inggris" style="color: #777777; cursor: help; font-size: 0.95em; font-weight: bold;" title="Bahasa Inggris" xml:lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a class="external text" href="http://www.borobudur.tv/" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">Sebuah situs yang didedikasikan untuk Candi Borobudur secara khusus dan candi-candi lain di Jawa Tengah pada umumnya</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span lang="Inggris" style="color: #777777; cursor: help; font-size: 0.95em; font-weight: bold;" title="Bahasa Inggris" xml:lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a class="external text" href="http://gunarto.org/" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">Beberapa foto relief dalam cerita Lalitawistara</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span lang="Inggris" style="color: #777777; cursor: help; font-size: 0.95em; font-weight: bold;" title="Bahasa Inggris" xml:lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a class="external text" href="http://deniborin.multiply.com/journal/item/22/CULTURAL_MASTERPIECE/" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">Candi Borobudur, dalam Kajian Buku Daoed Jusuf</a></li>
</ul>
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<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" id="collapsibleTable0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 11px; width: 1149px;"><tbody>
<tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ccccff; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><span class="collapseButton" style="float: right; font-weight: normal; text-align: right; width: 6em;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur" id="collapseButton0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">tampilkan</a>]</span><div style="float: left; text-align: left; width: 6em;">
<div class="noprint plainlinks navbar" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templat:Candi_Buddha_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; color: #0645ad; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 0px !important; padding-top: 0px !important; text-decoration: none;" title="Templat:Candi Buddha Indonesia"><span style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial;" title="Lihat templat ini">l</span></a> <span style="font-size: 7px;">•</span> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Candi_Buddha_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; color: #0645ad; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 0px !important; padding-top: 0px !important; text-decoration: none;" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Candi Buddha Indonesia"><span style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial;" title="Bicarakan templat ini">b</span></a> <span style="font-size: 7px;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Candi_Buddha_Indonesia&action=edit" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px !important; text-decoration: none;"><span style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial;" title="Sunting templat ini">s</span></a></div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: 12px;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Candi">Candi</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddha" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Buddha">Buddha</a> di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></span></th></tr>
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<div class="noprint plainlinks navbar" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templat:Situs_Warisan_Dunia_di_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; color: #0645ad; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 0px !important; padding-top: 0px !important; text-decoration: none;" title="Templat:Situs Warisan Dunia di Indonesia"><span style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial;" title="Lihat templat ini">l</span></a> <span style="font-size: 7px;">•</span> <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Situs_Warisan_Dunia_di_Indonesia&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; color: #ba0000; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 0px !important; padding-top: 0px !important; text-decoration: none;" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Situs Warisan Dunia di Indonesia (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial;" title="Bicarakan templat ini">b</span></a> <span style="font-size: 7px;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Situs_Warisan_Dunia_di_Indonesia&action=edit" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px !important; text-decoration: none;"><span style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial;" title="Sunting templat ini">s</span></a></div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: 12px;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="UNESCO"><img alt="Flag of UNESCO.svg" height="13" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/20px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="20" /></a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situs_Warisan_Dunia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Situs Warisan Dunia"><img alt="Welterbe.svg" height="20" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Welterbe.svg/20px-Welterbe.svg.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="20" /></a><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situs_Warisan_Dunia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Situs Warisan Dunia">Situs Warisan Dunia</a> di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> <span class="flagicon"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bendera Indonesia"><img alt="Bendera Indonesia" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="22" /></a></span></span></th></tr>
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<li style="border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: initial; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.35em; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.7em; padding-top: 0px; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategori:Situs_Warisan_Dunia_UNESCO_di_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kategori:Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO di Indonesia">Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO di Indonesia</a></li>
<li style="border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.35em; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0.7em; padding-right: 0.7em; padding-top: 0px; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategori:Borobudur" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kategori:Borobudur">Borobudur</a></li>
<li style="border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.35em; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0.7em; padding-right: 0.7em; padding-top: 0px; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategori:Markah_tanah_di_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kategori:Markah tanah di Indonesia">Markah tanah di Indonesia</a></li>
<li style="border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.35em; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0.7em; padding-right: 0.7em; padding-top: 0px; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategori:Tempat_ziarah_agama_Buddha" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kategori:Tempat ziarah agama Buddha">Tempat ziarah agama Buddha</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>Intan Andhikahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04468021386331397875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7306587035043214014.post-34105843038259823362011-11-23T19:44:00.001-08:002011-11-23T19:45:05.409-08:00Kota Pemalang<br />
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Kabupaten Pemalang</h1>
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Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div>
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<table class="infobox geography vcard" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f9f9f9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-collapse: collapse; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: right; color: black; float: right; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.2em; margin-bottom: 1ex; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: left; width: 310px;"><caption style="font-size: large; margin-bottom: 0.4em; margin-top: 0px;">Kabupaten Pemalang</caption><tbody>
<tr class="hiddenStructure[[Berkas:lambang kabupaten pemalang.jpg|80px]]"><td colspan="2" style="border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.4em; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Lambang_kabupaten_pemalang.jpg&filetimestamp=20060126055949" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="Lambang kabupaten pemalang.jpg" height="104" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/e/e4/Lambang_kabupaten_pemalang.jpg/80px-Lambang_kabupaten_pemalang.jpg" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="80" /></a><br /><small>Lambang Kabupaten Pemalang<br /><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motto" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Motto">Motto</a>: Indah, Komunikatif, Hijau, Lancar, Aman, Sehat (IKHLAS)</small><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
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<tr class="hiddenStructure[[Berkas:Locator_kabupaten_pemalang.png]]"><td colspan="2" style="border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.4em; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Locator_kabupaten_pemalang.png&filetimestamp=20060321074636" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="Locator kabupaten pemalang.png" height="149" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/3/33/Locator_kabupaten_pemalang.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="232" /></a><br /><small>Peta lokasi Kabupaten Pemalang<br /><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_koordinat_geografi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sistem koordinat geografi">Koordinat</a>: -</small></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinsi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Provinsi">Provinsi</a></b></td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Tengah" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jawa Tengah">Jawa Tengah</a></td></tr>
<tr class="hiddenStructureUU No. 13/1950" valign="top"><td style="border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><b>Dasar hukum</b></td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.4em; vertical-align: top;">UU No. 13/1950</td></tr>
<tr class="hiddenStructure-" valign="top"><td style="border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><b>Tanggal</b></td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.4em; vertical-align: top;">-</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><b>Pemerintahan</b></td></tr>
<tr class="hiddenStructure[[Bupati]]" valign="top"><td style="border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bupati" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bupati">Bupati</a></td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.4em; vertical-align: top;">H. Junaedi, SH,MM</td></tr>
<tr class="hiddenStructureRp. 672.819.577.000,-" valign="top"><td style="border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dana_Alokasi_Umum" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Dana Alokasi Umum">DAU</a></td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.4em; vertical-align: top;">Rp. 672.819.577.000,-<sup style="line-height: 1em;">(2011)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten_Pemalang#cite_note-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">[1]</a></sup></sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><b>Luas</b></td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.4em; vertical-align: top;">996,09 km<small><sup style="line-height: 1em;">2</sup></small></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><b>Populasi</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"> - Total</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.4em; vertical-align: top;">1.320.000 jiwa <sup style="line-height: 1em;">(2003)</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"> - Kepadatan</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.4em; vertical-align: top;">1.325,18 jiwa/km<small><sup style="line-height: 1em;">2</sup></small></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><b>Demografi</b></td></tr>
<tr class="hiddenStructure0284" valign="top"><td style="border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"> - <b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_kode_telepon_di_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Daftar kode telepon di Indonesia">Kode area telepon</a></b></td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.4em; vertical-align: top;">0284</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><b>Pembagian administratif</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kecamatan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kecamatan">Kecamatan</a></td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.4em; vertical-align: top;">14</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelurahan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kelurahan">Kelurahan</a></td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.4em; vertical-align: top;">222</td></tr>
<tr class="hiddenStructurehttp://www.pemalangkab.go.id/" valign="top"><td style="border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"> - <b>Situs web</b></td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-left: 0.6em; padding-right: 0.6em; padding-top: 0.4em; vertical-align: top;"><a class="external free" href="http://www.pemalangkab.go.id/" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">http://www.pemalangkab.go.id/</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<b>Kabupaten Pemalang</b>, adalah sebuah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kabupaten">kabupaten</a> di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinsi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Provinsi">Provinsi</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Tengah" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jawa Tengah">Jawa Tengah</a>. Ibukotanya adalah <b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemalang,_Pemalang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pemalang, Pemalang">Pemalang</a></b>. Kabupaten ini berbatasan dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Jawa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Laut Jawa">Laut Jawa</a> di utara, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten_Pekalongan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kabupaten Pekalongan">Kabupaten Pekalongan</a> di timur, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten_Purbalingga" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kabupaten Purbalingga">Kabupaten Purbalingga</a> di selatan, serta <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten_Tegal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kabupaten Tegal">Kabupaten Tegal</a>di barat.</div>
<table class="toc" id="toc" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f9f9f9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5em; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px;"><tbody>
<tr><td><div id="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;">
<h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; display: inline; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: auto;">
Daftar isi</h2>
<span class="toctoggle" style="font-size: 11px;"> [<a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten_Pemalang#" id="togglelink" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">sembunyikan</a>] </span></div>
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;">
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten_Pemalang#Sejarah" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Sejarah</span></a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten_Pemalang#Pra_Mataram" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Pra Mataram</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten_Pemalang#Kadipaten_bawahan_Mataram" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Kadipaten bawahan Mataram</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten_Pemalang#Masa_Perang_Diponegoro" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Masa Perang Diponegoro</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten_Pemalang#Masa_kolonial_Belanda_dan_seterusnya" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Masa kolonial Belanda dan seterusnya</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten_Pemalang#Hari_jadi_dan_sesanti" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Hari jadi dan sesanti</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten_Pemalang#Geografi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Geografi</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten_Pemalang#Pembagian_administratif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Pembagian administratif</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten_Pemalang#Industri_Rumah_Tangga" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Industri Rumah Tangga</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten_Pemalang#Rupa-rupa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Rupa-rupa</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten_Pemalang#Tokoh_terkenal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Tokoh terkenal</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten_Pemalang#Referensi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Referensi</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten_Pemalang#Pranala_luar" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Pranala luar</span></a></li>
</ul>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;">
<span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kabupaten_Pemalang&action=edit&section=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Sejarah">Sejarah</span></h2>
<h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;">
<span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kabupaten_Pemalang&action=edit&section=2" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Pra Mataram">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Pra_Mataram">Pra Mataram</span></h3>
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Keberadaan Pemalang dapat dibuktikan berdasarkan berbagai temuan arkeologis pada masa prasejarah. Temuan itu berupa punden berundak dan pemandian di sebelah Barat Daya Kecamatan <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moga&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Moga (halaman belum tersedia)">Moga</a>. Patung <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganesha" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a> yang unik, lingga, kuburan dan batu nisan di desa Keropak. Selain itu bukti arkeologis yang menunjukkan adanya unsur-unsur kebudayaan Islam juga dapat dihubungkan seperti adanya kuburan <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syeikh_Maulana_Maghribi&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Syeikh Maulana Maghribi (halaman belum tersedia)">Syeikh Maulana Maghribi</a> di Kawedanan Comal. Kemudian adanya kuburan Rohidin, Sayyid Ngali paman dari Sunan Ampel yang juga memiliki misi untuk mengislamkan penduduk setempat.</div>
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Eksistensi Pemalang pada abad XVI dapat dihubungkan dengan catatan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rijkloff_van_Goens" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Rijkloff van Goens">Rijkloff van Goens</a> dan data di dalam buku <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=W._Fruin_Mees&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="W. Fruin Mees (halaman belum tersedia)">W. Fruin Mees</a> yang menyatakan bahwa pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1575" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1575">1575</a> Pemalang merupakan salah satu dari 14 daerah merdeka di Pulau Jawa, yang dipimpin oleh seorang pangeran atau raja. Dalam perkembangan kemudian, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panembahan_Senopati" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Panembahan Senopati">Panembahan Senopati</a> dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mas_Jolang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mas Jolang">Panembahan Seda Krapyak</a> dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mataram" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mataram">Mataram</a> menaklukkan daerah-daerah tersebut, termasuk di dalamnya Pemalang. Sejak saat itu Pemalang menjadi daerah vasal Mataram yang diperintah oleh Pangeran atau Raja Vasal.</div>
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Pemalang dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kendal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kendal">Kendal</a> pada masa sebelum abad XVII merupakan daerah yang lebih penting dibandingkan dengan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tegal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tegal">Tegal</a>,<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pekalongan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pekalongan">Pekalongan</a> dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semarang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Semarang">Semarang</a>. Karena itu jalan raya yang menghubungkan daerah pantai utara dengan daerah pedalaman Jawa Tengah (Mataram) yang melintasi Pemalang dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiradesa,_Pekalongan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Wiradesa, Pekalongan">Wiradesa</a> dianggap sebagai jalan paling tua yang menghubungkan dua kawasan tersebut.</div>
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Populasi penduduk sebagai pemukiman di pedesaan yang telah teratur muncul pada periode abad awal Masehi hingga abad XIV dan XV, dan kemudian berkembang pesat pada abad XVI, yaitu pada masa meningkatnya perkembangan Islam di Jawa di bawah Kerajaan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demak" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Demak">Demak</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirebon" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Cirebon">Cirebon</a> dan kemudian <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mataram" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mataram">Mataram</a>.</div>
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Pada masa itu Pemalang telah berhasil membentuk pemerintahan tradisional pada sekitar tahun 1575. Tokoh yang asal mulanya dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pajang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pajang">Pajang</a> bernama <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangeran_Benawa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pangeran Benawa">Pangeran Benawa</a>. Pangeran ini asal mulanya adalah Raja <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jipang&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Jipang (halaman belum tersedia)">Jipang</a> yang menggantikan ayahnya yang telah mangkat yaitu Sultan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiwijaya" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Adiwijaya">Adiwijaya</a>.</div>
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Kedudukan raja ini didahului dengan suatu perseturuan sengit antara dirinya dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aria_Pangiri" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Aria Pangiri">Aria Pangiri</a>.</div>
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Sayang sekali <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangeran_Benawa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pangeran Benawa">Pangeran Benawa</a> hanya dapat memerintah selama satu tahun. <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangeran_Benawa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pangeran Benawa">Pangeran Benawa</a> meninggal dunia dan berdasarkan kepercayaan penduduk setempat menyatakan bahwa <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangeran_Benawa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pangeran Benawa">Pangeran Benawa</a> meninggal di Pemalang, dan dimakamkan di Desa <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penggarit&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Penggarit (halaman belum tersedia)">Penggarit</a> (sekarang Taman Makam Pahlawan Penggarit).</div>
<h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;">
<span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kabupaten_Pemalang&action=edit&section=3" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Kadipaten bawahan Mataram">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Kadipaten_bawahan_Mataram">Kadipaten bawahan Mataram</span></h3>
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Pemalang menjadi kesatuan wilayah administratif yang mantap sejak <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=R._Mangoneng&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="R. Mangoneng (halaman belum tersedia)">R. Mangoneng</a>, Pangonen atau Mangunoneng menjadi penguasa wilayah Pemalang yang berpusat di sekitar <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dukuh_Oneng&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Dukuh Oneng (halaman belum tersedia)">Dukuh Oneng</a>, Desa <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bojongbata&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Bojongbata (halaman belum tersedia)">Bojongbata</a> pada sekitar tahun 1622. Pada masa ini Pemalang merupakan apanage dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangeran_Purbaya" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pangeran Purbaya">Pangeran Purbaya</a> dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mataram" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Mataram">Mataram</a>. Menurut beberapa sumber R Mangoneng merupakan tokoh pimpinan daerah yang ikut mendukung kebijakan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_Agung" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sultan Agung">Sultan Agung</a>. Seorang tokoh yang sangat anti <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/VOC" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="VOC">VOC</a>. Dengan demikian Mangoneng dapat dipandang sebagai seorang pemimpin, prajurit, pejuang dan pahlawan bangsa dalam melawan penjajahan Belanda pada abad XVII yaitu perjuangan melawan Belanda di bawah panji-panji Sultan Agung dari Mataram.</div>
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Pada sekitar tahun 1652, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunan_Amangkurat_II" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunan Amangkurat II">Sunan Amangkurat II</a> mengangkat <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ingabehi_Subajaya&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Ingabehi Subajaya (halaman belum tersedia)">Ingabehi Subajaya</a> menjadi Bupati Pemalang setelah Amangkurat II memantapkan tahta pemerintahan di Mataram setelah pemberontakan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trunajaya" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Trunajaya">Trunajaya</a> dapat dipadamkan dengan bantuan VOC pada tahun 1678.</div>
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<span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kabupaten_Pemalang&action=edit&section=4" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Masa Perang Diponegoro">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Masa_Perang_Diponegoro">Masa Perang Diponegoro</span></h3>
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Menurut catatan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belanda" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Belanda">Belanda</a> pada tahun 1820 Pemalang kemudian diperintah oleh Bupati yang bernama <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mas_Tumenggung_Suralaya&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Mas Tumenggung Suralaya (halaman belum tersedia)">Mas Tumenggung Suralaya</a>. Pada masa ini Pemalang telah berhubungan erat dengan tokoh <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kanjeng_Swargi&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Kanjeng Swargi (halaman belum tersedia)">Kanjeng Swargi</a> atau <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kanjeng_Pontang&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Kanjeng Pontang (halaman belum tersedia)">Kanjeng Pontang</a>. Seorang Bupati yang terlibat dalam perang <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diponegoro" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Diponegoro">Diponegoro</a>. Kanjeng Swargi ini juga dikenal sebagai Gusti Sepuh, dan ketika perang berlangsung dia berhasil melarikan diri dari kejaran Belanda ke daerah Sigeseng atau Kendaldoyong. Makam dari Gusti Sepuh ini dapat diidentifikasikan sebagai makam kanjeng Swargi atau Reksodiningrat. Dalam masa-masa pemerintahan antara tahun 1823-1825 yaitu pada masa Bupati Reksadiningrat. Catatan Belanda menyebutkan bahwa yang gigih membantu pihak Belanda dalam perang Diponegoro di wilayah Pantai Utara Jawa hanyalah Bupati-bupati <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tegal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tegal">Tegal</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kendal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kendal">Kendal</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Batang">Batang</a> tanpa menyebut Bupati Pemalang.</div>
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Sementara itu pada bagian lain dari Buku <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P.J.F._Louw&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="P.J.F. Louw (halaman belum tersedia)">P.J.F. Louw</a> yang berjudul <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=De_Java_Oorlog_van_1825_-1830&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="De Java Oorlog van 1825 -1830 (halaman belum tersedia)">De Java Oorlog van 1825 -1830</a> dilaporkan bahwa Residen <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Van_den_Poet&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Van den Poet (halaman belum tersedia)">Van den Poet</a> mengorganisasi beberapa barisan yang baik dari Tegal, Pemalang dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brebes" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Brebes">Brebes</a> untuk mempertahankan diri dari pasukan Diponegoro pada bulan September 1825 sampai akhir Januari 1826. Keterlibatan Pemalang dalam membantu Belanda ini dapat dikaitkan dengan adanya keterangan Belanda yang menyatakan Adipati Reksodiningrat hanya dicatat secara resmi sebagai Bupati Pemalang sampai tahun 1825. Dan besar kemungkinan peristiwa pengerahan orang Pemalang itu terjadi setelah Adipati Reksodiningrat bergabung dengan pasukan Diponegoro yang berakibat Belanda menghentikan Bupati Reksodiningrat.</div>
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Pada tahun 1832 Bupati Pemalang yang Mbahurekso adalah Raden Tumenggung Sumo Negoro. Pada waktu itu kemakmuran melimpah ruah akibat berhasilnya pertanian di daerah Pemalang. Seperti diketahui Pemalang merupakan penghasil padi, kopi, tembakau dan kacang. Dalam laporan yang terbit pada awal abad XX disebutkan bahwa Pemalang merupakan afdeling dan Kabupaten dari karisidenan Pekalongan. <i>Afdeling</i> Pemalang dibagi dua yaitu Pemalang dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randudongkal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Randudongkal">Randudongkal</a>. Dan Kabupaten Pemalang terbagi dalam 5 distrik. Jadi dengan demikian Pemalang merupakan nama kabupaten, distrik dan Onder Distrik dari Karisidenan Pekalongan, Propinsi Jawa Tengah.</div>
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Pusat Kabupaten Pemalang yang pertama terdapat di Desa Oneng. Walaupun tidak ada sisa peninggalan dari Kabupaten ini namun masih ditemukan petunjuk lain. Petunjuk itu berupa sebuah dukuh yang bernama Oneng yang masih bisa ditemukan sekarang ini di Desa Bojongbata. Sedangkan Pusat Kabupaten Pemalang yang kedua dipastikan berada di Ketandan. Sisa-sisa bangunannya masih bisa dilihat sampai sekarang yaitu disekitar Klinik Ketandan (Dinas Kesehatan). Pusat Kabupaten yang ketiga adalah kabupaten yang sekarang ini (Kabupaten Pemalang dekat <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alun-alun" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Alun-alun">Alun-alun</a> Kota Pemalang). Kabupaten yang sekarang ini juga merupakan sisa dari bangunan yang didirikan oleh Kolonial Belanda. Yang selanjutnya mengalami beberapa kali rehab dan renovasi bangunan hingga kebentuk bangunan joglo sebagai ciri khas bangunan di Jawa Tengah.</div>
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<span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kabupaten_Pemalang&action=edit&section=5" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Masa kolonial Belanda dan seterusnya">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Masa_kolonial_Belanda_dan_seterusnya">Masa kolonial Belanda dan seterusnya</span></h3>
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Dengan demikian Kabupaten Pemalang telah mantap sebagai suatu kesatuan administratif pasca pemerintahan Kolonial Belanda. Secara biokratif Pemerintahan Kabupaten Pemalang juga terus dibenahi. Dari bentuk birokratif kolonial yang berbau feodalistik menuju birokrasi yang lebih sesuai dengan perkembangan di masa sekarang.</div>
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<span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kabupaten_Pemalang&action=edit&section=6" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Hari jadi dan sesanti">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Hari_jadi_dan_sesanti">Hari jadi dan sesanti</span></h2>
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Sebagai suatu penghomatan atas sejarah terbentuknya Kabupten Pemalang maka pemerintah daerah telah bersepakat untuk memberi atribut berupa Hari Jadi Pemalang. Hal ini selalu untuk memperingati sejarah lahirnya Kabupaten Pemalang juga untuk memberikan nilai-nilai yang bernuansa patriotisme dan nilai-nilai heroisme sebagai cermin dari rakyat Kabupaten Pemalang.</div>
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Salah satu alternatif penetapan hari jadi Kabupaten Pemalang ialah pada saat diumumkannya pernyataan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangeran_Diponegoro" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pangeran Diponegoro">Pangeran Diponegoro</a> untuk mengadakan perang terhadap Pemerintahan Kolonial Belanda, yaitu tanggal <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/20_Juli" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="20 Juli">20 Juli</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1823" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1823">1823</a>. Namun, berdasarkan diskusi para pakar yang dibentuk oleh Tim Kabupaten Pemalang, hari jadi Pemalang adalah tanggal <b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/24_Januari" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="24 Januari">24 Januari</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1575" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="1575">1575</a></b>, atau bertepatan dengan Hari Kamis Kliwon tanggal 1 Syawal 1496 Je 982 Hijriah. Keputusan tersebut selanjutnya ditetapkan dalam Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Dati II Kabupaten Pemalang Nomor 9 Tahun 1996 tentang Hari Jadi Kabupaten Pemalang. Tahun 1575 diwujudkan dengan bentuk Surya Sengkala <i>Lunguding Sabda Wangsiting Gusti</i> yang mempunyai arti harfiah : kearifan, ucapan/sabdo, ajaran, pesan-pesan, Tuhan, dengan mempunyai nilai 5751. Sedangkan tahun 1496 Je diwujudkan dengan Candra Sengkala <i>Tawakal Ambuko Wahananing Manunggal</i> yang mempunyai arti harfiah berserah diri, membuka, sarana/wadah/alat untuk, persatuan/menjadi satu dengan mempunyai nilai 6941.</div>
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Adapun Sesanti Kabupaten Pemalang adalah <i>Pancasila Kaloka Panduning Nagari</i>, dengan arti harfiah lima dasar, termashur/terkenal, pedoman/bimbingan, negara/daerah dengan mempunyai nilai 5751</div>
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<span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kabupaten_Pemalang&action=edit&section=7" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Geografi">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Geografi">Geografi</span></h2>
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Bagian utara Kabupaten Pemalang merupakan dataran rendah, sedang bagian selatan berupa pegunungan, dengan puncaknya <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung_Slamet" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Gunung Slamet">Gunung Slamet</a> (di perbatasan dengan Kabupaten Tegal dan Kabupaten Purbalingga), gunung tertinggi di Jawa Tengah. Sungai terbesar adalah <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kali_Comal&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Kali Comal (halaman belum tersedia)">Kali Comal</a>, yang bermuara di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Jawa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Laut Jawa">Laut Jawa</a> (Ujung Pemalang).</div>
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Ibukota kabupaten ini berada di ujung barat laut wilayah kabupaten, berbatasan langsung dengan Kabupaten Tegal. Pemalang berada di jalur <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantura" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pantura">pantura</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakarta" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>-<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Semarang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Semarang">Semarang</a>-<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Surabaya" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kota Surabaya">Surabaya</a>. Selain itu terdapat <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jalan_provinsi&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Jalan provinsi (halaman belum tersedia)">jalan provinsi</a> yang menghubungkan Pemalang dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten_Purbalingga" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kabupaten Purbalingga">Purbalingga</a>. Salah satu obyek wisata terkenal di Pemalang adalah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantai_Widuri" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pantai Widuri">Pantai Widuri</a>.</div>
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Kabupaten Pemalang merupakan salah satu kabupaten di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinsi" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Provinsi">Provinsi</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Tengah" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Jawa Tengah">Jawa Tengah</a> yang terletak di pantai utara Pulau Jawa. Secara astronomis Kabupaten Pemalang terletak antara 109°17'30" - 109°40'30" BT dan 6°52'30" - 7°20'11" LS.</div>
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Dari <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semarang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Semarang">Semarang</a> (Ibu Kota Provinsi Jawa Tengah), Kabupaten ini berjarak kira-kira 135 Km ke arah barat, atau jika ditempuh dengan kendaraan darat memakan waktu lebih kurang 3 - 4 jam. Kabupaten Pemalang memiliki luas wilayah sebesar 111.530 km², dengan batas-batas wilayah :</div>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">sebelah Utara berbatasan dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Jawa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Laut Jawa">Laut Jawa</a>.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">sebelah Selatan berbatasan dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten_Purbalingga" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kabupaten Purbalingga">Kabupaten Purbalingga</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">sebelah Timur berbatasan dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten_Pekalongan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kabupaten Pekalongan">Kabupaten Pekalongan</a>.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">sebelah Barat berbatasan dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten_Tegal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kabupaten Tegal">Kabupaten Tegal</a>.</li>
</ul>
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Dengan demikian Kabupaten Pemalang memiliki posisi yang strategis, baik dari sisi perdagangan maupun pemerintahan.</div>
<div style="font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
Kabupaten Pemalang memiliki topografi bervariasi. Bagian Utara Kabupaten Pemalang merupakan daerah pantai dengan ketinggian berkisar antara 1 - 5 meter di atas permukaan laut. Bagian tengah merupakan dataran rendah yang subur dengan ketinggian 6 - 15 m di atas permukaan laut dan bagian Selatan merupakan dataran tinggi dan pengunungan yang subur serta berhawa sejuk dengan ketinggian 16 - 925 m di atas permukaan laut. Wilayah Kabupaten Pemalang ini dilintasi dua buah sungai besar yaitu Sungai Waluh dan Sungai Comal yang menjadikan sebagian besar wilayahnya merupakan daerah aliran sungai yang subur.</div>
<h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;">
<span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kabupaten_Pemalang&action=edit&section=8" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Pembagian administratif">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Pembagian_administratif">Pembagian administratif</span></h2>
<div style="font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
Kabupaten Pemalang terdiri atas 14 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kecamatan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kecamatan">kecamatan</a>, yang dibagi lagi atas sejumlah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desa" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Desa">desa</a> dan<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelurahan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kelurahan">kelurahan</a>. Pusat pemerintahan berada di Kecamatan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemalang,_Pemalang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pemalang, Pemalang">Pemalang</a>.</div>
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Di samping Pemalang, kota-kota kecamatan lainnya yang cukup signifikan adalah Comal, Petarukan, Ulujami, Randudongkal dan Moga.</div>
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Kecamatan di Kabupaten Pemalang yaitu:</div>
<ol style="font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodeh,_Pemalang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bodeh, Pemalang">Bodeh</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulujami,_Pemalang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ulujami, Pemalang">Ulujami</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comal,_Pemalang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Comal, Pemalang">Comal</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampelgading,_Pemalang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Ampelgading, Pemalang">Ampelgading</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petarukan,_Pemalang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Petarukan, Pemalang">Petarukan</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taman,_Pemalang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Taman, Pemalang">Taman</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemalang,_Pemalang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pemalang, Pemalang">Pemalang</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantarbolang,_Pemalang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bantarbolang, Pemalang">Bantarbolang</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randudongkal,_Pemalang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Randudongkal, Pemalang">Randudongkal</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warungpring,_Pemalang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Warungpring, Pemalang">Warungpring</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moga,_Pemalang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Moga, Pemalang">Moga</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulosari,_Pemalang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pulosari, Pemalang">Pulosari</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watukumpul,_Pemalang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Watukumpul, Pemalang">Watukumpul</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belik,_Pemalang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Belik, Pemalang">Belik</a></li>
</ol>
<div style="font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
Kabupaten Pemalang kebanyakan merupakan suku Jawa. Di bagian barat dan selatan, penduduknya bertutur dalam bahasa Jawa <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialek_Tegal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Dialek Tegal">dialek Tegal</a>, sedangkan di bagian timur seperti di Petarukan, Comal, Ulujami, Ampelgading dan Bodeh bertutur dalam bahasa Jawa <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialek_Pekalongan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Dialek Pekalongan">dialek Pekalongan</a>.</div>
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<br /></div>
<h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;">
<span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kabupaten_Pemalang&action=edit&section=9" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Industri Rumah Tangga">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Industri_Rumah_Tangga">Industri Rumah Tangga</span></h2>
<ul style="font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sapu_glagah_dari_Majalangu&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Sapu glagah dari Majalangu (halaman belum tersedia)">Sapu glagah dari Majalangu</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kerajinan_kulit_ular_di_Comal&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Kerajinan kulit ular di Comal (halaman belum tersedia)">Kerajinan kulit ular di Comal</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ATBM_di_Wanarejan&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="ATBM di Wanarejan (halaman belum tersedia)">ATBM di Wanarejan</a></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Konveksi_di_Ulujami&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Konveksi di Ulujami (halaman belum tersedia)">Konveksi di Ulujami</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;">
<span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kabupaten_Pemalang&action=edit&section=10" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Rupa-rupa">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Rupa-rupa">Rupa-rupa</span></h2>
<ul style="font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Makanan khas Pemalang antara lain <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasi_grombyang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Nasi grombyang">nasi grombyang</a></i>, <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lontong_dekem&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Lontong dekem (halaman belum tersedia)">lontong dekem</a></i>, <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sate_loso&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Sate loso (halaman belum tersedia)">sate loso</a></i>, <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tauto&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Tauto (halaman belum tersedia)">tauto</a></i>, <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamir" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kamir">kamir</a></i> dan <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apem_comal&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Apem comal (halaman belum tersedia)">apem comal</a></i>.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Makanan yang terkenal adalah kepiting dan rajungan asam manis.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Obyek wisata yang terkenal adalah <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantai_Blendung" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pantai Blendung">Pantai Blendung</a></i>, <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_Boom&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Water Boom (halaman belum tersedia)">Water Boom</a></i> di <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantai_Widuri" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pantai Widuri">Pantai Widuri</a></i>, dan <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cempaka_Wulung&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Cempaka Wulung (halaman belum tersedia)">Cempaka Wulung</a></i> di dataran tinggi <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moga&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Moga (halaman belum tersedia)">Moga</a></i></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Kesenian dan kebudayaan yang terkenal <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baritan&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;" title="Baritan (halaman belum tersedia)">Baritan</a> , <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuntulan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kuntulan">Kuntulan</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sintren" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sintren">Sintren</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;">
<span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kabupaten_Pemalang&action=edit&section=11" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Tokoh terkenal">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Tokoh_terkenal">Tokoh terkenal</span></h2>
<ul style="font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Jenderal Polisi (Purn) Drs. <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutanto" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sutanto">Sutanto</a>, mantan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepala_Kepolisian_Negara_Republik_Indonesia" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kepala Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia">Kapolri</a> periode 8 Juli 2005 - 30 September 2008, kepala <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan_Intelijen_Negara" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Badan Intelijen Negara">Badan Intelijen Negara</a> 21 Oktober 2009 - sekarang.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torro_Margens" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Torro Margens">Torro Margens</a>, aktor.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristina" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Kristina">Kristina</a>, penyanyi dangdut.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendra_Setiawan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Hendra Setiawan">Hendra Setiawan</a>, pebulutangkis.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_Z.A." style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Muammar Z.A.">Muammar Z.A.</a>, qari dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafiz" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Hafiz">hafiz</a> internasional.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dulmatin" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Dulmatin">Dulmatin</a>, salah satu dalang <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bom_Bali" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Bom Bali">Bom Bali</a> tahun 2002, tewas dalam penggerebekan teroris di <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamulang" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Pamulang">Pamulang</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangerang_Selatan" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Tangerang Selatan">Tangerang Selatan</a>.</li>
</ul>
<h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;">
<span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kabupaten_Pemalang&action=edit&section=12" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Referensi">Referensi</span></h2>
<div class="references-small" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: decimal;">
<ol class="references" style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<li id="cite_note-0" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten_Pemalang#cite_ref-0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;">^</a></b> <span class="citation web" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><a class="external text" href="http://www.djpk.depkeu.go.id/regulation/27/tahun/2011/bulan/02/tanggal/17/id/590/" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">"Perpres No. 6 Tahun 2011"</a>. 17 Februari 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses pada 23 Mei 2011</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Perpres+No.+6+Tahun+2011&rft.atitle=&rft.date=2011-02-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.djpk.depkeu.go.id%2Fregulation%2F27%2Ftahun%2F2011%2Fbulan%2F02%2Ftanggal%2F17%2Fid%2F590%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Kabupaten_Pemalang"></span></li>
</ol>
</div>
<h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em; width: auto;">
<span class="editsection" style="float: right; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 5px;">[<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kabupaten_Pemalang&action=edit&section=13" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar">sunting</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline" id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</span></h2>
<div style="font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
<span lang="Indonesia" style="color: #777777; cursor: help; font-size: 0.95em; font-weight: bold;" title="Bahasa Indonesia" xml:lang="Indonesia">(Indonesia)</span> <a class="external text" href="http://pemalang.t35.com/" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">Pemalang Membangun, karya pribumi Pemalang</a> <span lang="Indonesia" style="color: #777777; cursor: help; font-size: 0.95em; font-weight: bold;" title="Bahasa Indonesia" xml:lang="Indonesia">(Indonesia)</span> <a class="external text" href="http://pemalang.biz/" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">Pemalang Blog</a></div>
</div>
</div>Intan Andhikahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04468021386331397875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7306587035043214014.post-76723249505499283312011-11-23T04:07:00.001-08:002011-11-23T04:09:45.904-08:00Indonesia<h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading">
Indonesia</h1>
<div id="siteSub">
Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div>
<div class="metadata plainlinks" id="protected-icon" style="position: absolute; right: 55px; top: 0px; z-index: 100;">
<div>
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Halaman_yang_dilindungi#Move" title="Artikel ini mendapat perlindungan dari pemindahan ."><img alt="Perlindungan dari pemindahan" height="20" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Padlock-olive.svg/20px-Padlock-olive.svg.png" width="20" /></a></div>
</div>
<div class="dablink noprint">
Untuk kegunaan lain dari Indonesia, lihat <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia_%28disambiguasi%29" title="Indonesia (disambiguasi)">Indonesia (disambiguasi)</a>.</div>
<div class="dablink noprint">
Untuk kegunaan lain dari Indonesia, lihat <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Id_%28disambiguasi%29" title="Id (disambiguasi)">Id (disambiguasi)</a>.</div>
<div class="dablink noprint">
"RI" beralih ke halaman ini. Untuk kegunaan lain dari RI, lihat <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/RI_%28disambiguasi%29" title="RI (disambiguasi)">RI (disambiguasi)</a>.</div>
<table cellpadding="1" class="infobox geography" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 88%; margin-top: 0.4em; width: 22em;">
<tbody>
<tr class="adr">
<th align="center" class="mergedtoprow fn org country-name" colspan="3" style="font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; padding: 0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;">Republik Indonesia</th>
</tr>
<tr class="mergedtoprow" style="border-top: solid 1px #aaa;">
<td align="center" class="maptable" colspan="3" style="padding: 0.5em 0;">
<table align="center" style="background: none; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 58%;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Flag_of_Indonesia.svg&filetimestamp=20110729092736" title="Bendera Indonesia"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="83" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/125px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" width="125" /></a></td>
<td align="center" style="vertical-align: middle; width: auto;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Coat_of_Arms_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg&filetimestamp=20101112045926" title="Lambang Indonesia"><img alt="" height="91" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_Arms_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg/85px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg.png" width="85" /></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><small><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendera_Indonesia" title="Bendera Indonesia">Bendera</a></small></td>
<td align="center"><small><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambang_Indonesia" title="Lambang Indonesia">Lambang</a></small></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-top: solid 1px #aaa;">
<td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motto" title="Motto">Motto</a>: </b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhinneka_Tunggal_Ika" title="Bhinneka Tunggal Ika">Bhinneka Tunggal Ika</a><br />
<small>(<i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Jawa" title="Bahasa Jawa">Bahasa Jawa Kuno</a>: "Berbeda-beda tetapi tetap Satu"</i>)</small><br />
<b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideologi" title="Ideologi">Ideologi nasional</a></b>: <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancasila" title="Pancasila">Pancasila</a></td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-top: solid 1px #aaa;">
<td class="anthem" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagu_kebangsaan" title="Lagu kebangsaan">Lagu kebangsaan</a>: </b>
<center>
<div id="ogg_player_1">
<div>
<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Indonesiaraya.ogg" title="Mengenai berkas ini"><img alt="Indonesiaraya.ogg" height="22" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/w/extensions-1.18/OggHandler/info.png" width="22" /></a></div>
</div>
</center>
<br />
<i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia_Raya" title="Indonesia Raya">Indonesia Raya</a></i></td>
</tr>
<tr style="border-top: solid 1px #aaa;">
<td colspan="3" style="padding: 0.6em 0em; text-align: center;">
<div class="center">
<div class="floatnone">
<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Indonesia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg&filetimestamp=20091107214634" title="Lokasi Indonesia"><img alt="" height="250" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Indonesia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-Indonesia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" width="250" /></a></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" class="mergedtoprow" style="border-top: solid 1px #aaa;">
<td colspan="2"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibu_kota" title="Ibu kota">Ibu kota</a></b><br />
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_kota_di_Indonesia" title="Daftar kota di Indonesia">(dan kota terbesar)</a></td>
<td><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a><br />
<small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><img alt="" class="noprint" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/WMA_button2b.png/17px-WMA_button2b.png" style="cursor: pointer; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;" title="Tunjukkan letak di peta interaktif" /><a class="external text" href="http://toolserver.org/%7Egeohack/geohack.php?language=id&pagename=Indonesia&params=6_10.5_S_106_49.7_E_type:country%281.904.569%29" rel="nofollow" style="white-space: nowrap;"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Peta, foto udara, dan data lainnya untuk lokasi ini"><span class="latitude">6°10.5′S</span> <span class="longitude">106°49.7′E</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></small></td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" style="border-top: solid 1px #aaa;">
<th colspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_resmi" title="Bahasa resmi">Bahasa resmi</a></th>
<td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Indonesia" title="Bahasa Indonesia">Bahasa Indonesia</a></td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" style="border-top: solid 1px #aaa;">
<th colspan="2"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemerintah" title="Pemerintah">Pemerintahan</a></th>
<td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik" title="Republik">Republik</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_presidensial" title="Sistem presidensial">presidensial</a></td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" class="mergedrow">
<td style="padding: 1 0 0 0em; width: 1em;"> - </td>
<td style="padding-left: 0em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presiden_Indonesia" title="Presiden Indonesia">Presiden</a></td>
<td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susilo_Bambang_Yudhoyono" title="Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono">Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono</a></td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" class="mergedrow">
<td style="padding: 1 0 0 0em; width: 1em;"> - </td>
<td style="padding-left: 0em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakil_Presiden_Indonesia" title="Wakil Presiden Indonesia">Wakil Presiden</a></td>
<td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boediono" title="Boediono">Boediono</a></td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" class="mergedrow">
<td style="padding: 1 0 0 0em; width: 1em;"> - </td>
<td style="padding-left: 0em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_Ketua_Majelis_Permusyawaratan_Rakyat" title="Daftar Ketua Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat">Ketua MPR</a></td>
<td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taufiq_Kiemas" title="Taufiq Kiemas">Taufiq Kiemas</a></td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" class="mergedrow">
<td style="padding: 1 0 0 0em; width: 1em;"> - </td>
<td style="padding-left: 0em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_Ketua_Dewan_Perwakilan_Rakyat" title="Daftar Ketua Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat">Ketua DPR</a></td>
<td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marzuki_Alie" title="Marzuki Alie">Marzuki Alie</a></td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" class="mergedbottomrow">
<td style="padding: 1 0 0 0em; width: 1em;"> - </td>
<td style="padding-left: 0em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_Ketua_Dewan_Perwakilan_Daerah" title="Daftar Ketua Dewan Perwakilan Daerah">Ketua DPD</a></td>
<td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irman_Gusman" title="Irman Gusman">Irman Gusman</a></td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" class="mergedtoprow" style="border-top: solid 1px #aaa;">
<th colspan="2"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemerdekaan" title="Kemerdekaan">Kemerdekaan</a></th>
<td>dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belanda" title="Belanda">Belanda</a> </td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" class="mergedrow">
<td style="padding: 1 0 0 0em; width: 1em;"> - </td>
<td style="padding-left: 0em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proklamasi_Kemerdekaan_Indonesia" title="Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia">Diproklamasikan</a></td>
<td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/17_Agustus" title="17 Agustus">17 Agustus</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a> </td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" class="mergedrow">
<td style="padding: 1 0 0 0em; width: 1em;"> - </td>
<td style="padding-left: 0em;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengakuan_kemerdekaan_Indonesia_oleh_Belanda" title="Pengakuan kemerdekaan Indonesia oleh Belanda">Diakui</a> (sebagai <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Indonesia_Serikat" title="Republik Indonesia Serikat">RIS</a>)</td>
<td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/27_Desember" title="27 Desember">27 Desember</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a> </td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" class="mergedbottomrow">
<td style="padding: 1 0 0 0em; width: 1em;"> - </td>
<td style="padding-left: 0em;">Kembali ke RI</td>
<td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/17_Agustus" title="17 Agustus">17 Agustus</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a> </td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" class="mergedtoprow" style="border-top: solid 1px #aaa;">
<th colspan="3"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luas" title="Luas">Luas</a></th>
</tr>
<tr align="left" class="mergedrow">
<td style="padding: 1 0 0 0em; width: 1em;"> - </td>
<td style="padding-left: 0em;">Total</td>
<td>1,904,569 km<sup>2</sup> (<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_luas_wilayah" title="Daftar negara menurut luas wilayah">15</a>)</td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" class="mergedrow">
<td style="padding: 1 0 0 0em; width: 1em;"> - </td>
<td style="padding-left: 0em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air" title="Air">Air</a> (<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persentase" title="Persentase">%</a>)</td>
<td>4,85%</td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" class="mergedtoprow" style="border-top: solid 1px #aaa;">
<th colspan="3"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penduduk" title="Penduduk">Penduduk</a></th>
</tr>
<tr align="left" class="mergedrow">
<td style="padding: 1 0 0 0em; width: 1em;"> - </td>
<td style="padding-left: 0em;">Perkiraan 19 Juni 2009</td>
<td>230.472.833<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-0">[1]</a></sup> (<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_jumlah_penduduk" title="Daftar negara menurut jumlah penduduk">4</a>)</td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" class="mergedrow">
<td style="padding: 1 0 0 0em; width: 1em;"> - </td>
<td style="padding-left: 0em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensus" title="Sensus">Sensus</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensus_Penduduk_Indonesia_2010" title="Sensus Penduduk Indonesia 2010">2010</a></td>
<td>237.556.363<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-1">[2]</a></sup> </td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" class="mergedbottomrow">
<td style="padding: 1 0 0 0em; width: 1em;"> - </td>
<td style="padding-left: 0em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepadatan" title="Kepadatan">Kepadatan</a></td>
<td>124/km<sup>2</sup> (<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_kepadatan_penduduk" title="Daftar negara menurut kepadatan penduduk">84</a>)</td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" class="mergedtoprow" style="border-top: solid 1px #aaa;">
<td colspan="2"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produk_domestik_bruto" title="Produk domestik bruto">PDB</a></b> (<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keseimbangan_kemampuan_berbelanja" title="Keseimbangan kemampuan berbelanja">KKB</a>)</td>
<td>Perkiraan 2009</td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" class="mergedrow">
<td style="padding: 1 0 0 0em; width: 1em;"> - </td>
<td style="padding-left: 0em;">Total</td>
<td>Rp. 8,576 triliun<br style="clear: both;" />
(AS$ 909 miliar)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-IMF_2-0"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-IMF-2">[3]</a></sup> </td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" class="mergedbottomrow">
<td style="padding: 1 0 0 0em; width: 1em;"> - </td>
<td style="padding-left: 0em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_kapita" title="Per kapita">Per kapita</a></td>
<td>Rp. 37,538 juta<br style="clear: both;" />
(AS$ 3,979)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-IMF_2-1"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-IMF-2">[3]</a></sup> </td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" class="mergedtoprow" style="border-top: solid 1px #aaa;">
<td colspan="2"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produk_domestik_bruto" title="Produk domestik bruto">PDB</a></b> (nominal)</td>
<td>Perkiraan 2009</td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" class="mergedrow">
<td style="padding: 1 0 0 0em; width: 1em;"> - </td>
<td style="padding-left: 0em;">Total</td>
<td>Rp. 4,821 triliun<br style="clear: both;" />
(AS$ 511 miliar)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-IMF_2-2"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-IMF-2">[3]</a></sup> </td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" class="mergedbottomrow">
<td style="padding: 1 0 0 0em; width: 1em;"> - </td>
<td style="padding-left: 0em;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_kapita" title="Per kapita">Per kapita</a></td>
<td>Rp. 21.113 juta<br style="clear: both;" />
(AS$ 2,238)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-IMF_2-3"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-IMF-2">[3]</a></sup> </td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" style="border-top: solid 1px #aaa;">
<td colspan="2"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indeks_Pembangunan_Manusia" title="Indeks Pembangunan Manusia">IPM</a></b> (2006)</td>
<td><span style="color: #00cc00; font-size: larger;">▲</span> 0.734<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-3">[4]</a></sup> (<span style="color: #ffcc00;">menengah</span>) (<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_Indeks_Pembangunan_Manusia" title="Daftar negara menurut Indeks Pembangunan Manusia">111</a>)</td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" style="border-top: solid 1px #aaa;">
<th colspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mata_uang" title="Mata uang">Mata uang</a></th>
<td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupiah" title="Rupiah">Rupiah</a> (Rp) (<code><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">IDR</a></code>)</td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" style="border-top: solid 1px #aaa;">
<th colspan="2"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_waktu" title="Zona waktu">Zona waktu</a></th>
<td><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIB" title="WIB">WIB</a> (<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTC%2B7" title="UTC+7">+7</a>), <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/WITA" title="WITA">WITA</a> (<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTC%2B8" title="UTC+8">+8</a>), <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIT" title="WIT">WIT</a> (<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTC%2B9" title="UTC+9">+9</a>)</td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" style="border-top: solid 1px #aaa;">
<th colspan="2"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arah_lalu_lintas" title="Arah lalu lintas">Lajur kemudi</a></th>
<td>Kiri</td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" style="border-top: solid 1px #aaa;">
<th colspan="2"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranah_Internet_tingkat_teratas" title="Ranah Internet tingkat teratas">Ranah Internet</a></th>
<td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/.id" title=".id">.id</a></td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" style="border-top: solid 1px #aaa;">
<th colspan="2"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_kode_telepon_negara_di_dunia" title="Daftar kode telepon negara di dunia">Kode telepon</a></th>
<td>+62</td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" style="border-top: solid 1px #aaa;">
<td colspan="3">
<div class="noprint plainlinks navbar" style="background: none; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; padding: 0;">
<small><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templat:Indo_infobox" title="Templat:Indo infobox"><span title="Lihat templat ini">lihat</span></a> <span style="font-size: 80%;">•</span> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Indo_infobox" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Indo infobox"><span title="Bicarakan templat ini">bicara</span></a> <span style="font-size: 80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Indo_infobox&action=edit"><span title="Sunting templat ini">sunting</span></a></small></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<b>Republik Indonesia</b> disingkat <b>RI</b> atau <b>Indonesia</b> adalah negara di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Tenggara" title="Asia Tenggara">Asia Tenggara</a>, yang dilintasi garis <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khatulistiwa" title="Khatulistiwa">khatulistiwa</a> dan berada di antara benua <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> serta antara <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samudra_Pasifik" title="Samudra Pasifik">Samudra Pasifik</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samudra_Hindia" title="Samudra Hindia">Samudra Hindia</a>. Indonesia adalah negara <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepulauan" title="Kepulauan">kepulauan</a> terbesar di dunia yang terdiri dari 13.487 pulau <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-4">[5]</a></sup> <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-5">[6]</a></sup>, oleh karena itu ia disebut juga sebagai <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusantara" title="Nusantara">Nusantara</a> ("pulau luar", di samping Jawa yang dianggap pusat).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Kroef_6-0"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-Kroef-6">[7]</a></sup> Dengan populasi sebesar 222 juta jiwa pada tahun 2006,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_7-0"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-autogenerated1-7">[8]</a></sup> Indonesia adalah negara berpenduduk terbesar keempat di dunia dan negara yang berpenduduk <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> terbesar di dunia, meskipun secara resmi bukanlah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Islam" title="Republik Islam">negara Islam</a>. Bentuk pemerintahan Indonesia adalah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik" title="Republik">republik</a>, dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewan_Perwakilan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat">Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewan_Perwakilan_Daerah" title="Dewan Perwakilan Daerah">Dewan Perwakilan Daerah</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presiden_Indonesia" title="Presiden Indonesia">Presiden</a> yang dipilih langsung. Ibukota negara ialah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daerah_Khusus_Ibukota_Jakarta" title="Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta">Jakarta</a>. Indonesia berbatasan dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> di <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Kalimantan" title="Pulau Kalimantan">Pulau Kalimantan</a>, dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Nugini" title="Papua Nugini">Papua Nugini</a> di <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Papua" title="Pulau Papua">Pulau Papua</a> dan dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor_Leste" title="Timor Leste">Timor Leste</a> di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Timor" title="Pulau Timor">Pulau Timor</a>. Negara tetangga lainnya adalah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapura" title="Singapura">Singapura</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipina" title="Filipina">Filipina</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, dan wilayah persatuan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepulauan_Andaman_dan_Nikobar" title="Kepulauan Andaman dan Nikobar">Kepulauan Andaman dan Nikobar</a> di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.<br />
Sejarah Indonesia banyak dipengaruhi oleh bangsa lainnya. Kepulauan
Indonesia menjadi wilayah perdagangan penting setidaknya sejak abad
ke-7, yaitu ketika <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajaan_Sriwijaya" title="Kerajaan Sriwijaya">Kerajaan Sriwijaya</a> di <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palembang" title="Palembang">Palembang</a> menjalin hubungan agama dan perdagangan dengan Tiongkok dan India. Kerajaan-kerajaan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddha" title="Buddha">Buddha</a> telah tumbuh pada awal abad Masehi, diikuti para pedagang yang membawa agama <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, serta berbagai kekuatan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eropa" title="Eropa">Eropa</a> yang saling bertempur untuk memonopoli perdagangan rempah-rempah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maluku" title="Maluku">Maluku</a> semasa era penjelajahan samudra. Setelah berada di bawah <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masa_penjajahan_Belanda" title="Masa penjajahan Belanda">penjajahan Belanda</a>, Indonesia yang saat itu bernama <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindia_Belanda" title="Hindia Belanda">Hindia Belanda</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proklamasi_Kemerdekaan_Indonesia" title="Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia">menyatakan kemerdekaannya</a> di akhir <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II" title="Perang Dunia II">Perang Dunia II</a>.
Selanjutnya Indonesia mendapat berbagai hambatan, ancaman dan tantangan
dari bencana alam, korupsi, separatisme, proses demokratisasi dan
periode perubahan ekonomi yang pesat.<br />
Dari <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabang" title="Sabang">Sabang</a> sampai <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merauke" title="Merauke">Merauke</a>, Indonesia terdiri dari berbagai suku, bahasa dan agama yang berbeda. <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Jawa" title="Suku Jawa">Suku Jawa</a> adalah grup etnis terbesar dan secara politis paling dominan. Semboyan nasional Indonesia, <i>"<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhinneka_Tunggal_Ika" title="Bhinneka Tunggal Ika">Bhinneka tunggal ika</a>"</i>
("Berbeda-beda tetapi tetap satu"), berarti keberagaman yang membentuk
negara. Selain memiliki populasi padat dan wilayah yang luas, Indonesia
memiliki wilayah alam yang mendukung tingkat <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keanekaragaman_hayati" title="Keanekaragaman hayati">keanekaragaman hayati</a> terbesar kedua di dunia.<br />
<table class="toc" id="toc">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Etimologi"> </span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Etimologi">Etimologi</span></span><br />
<span class="mw-headline" id="Etimologi"> </span>
<br />
<div class="dablink noprint">
Lihat pula: <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah_nama_Indonesia" title="Sejarah nama Indonesia">Sejarah nama Indonesia</a></div>
Kata "Indonesia" berasal dari kata dalam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin">bahasa Latin</a> yaitu <i>Indus</i> yang berarti "Hindia" dan kata dalam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani" title="Bahasa Yunani">bahasa Yunani</a> <i>nesos</i> yang berarti "pulau".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-EcoSeas1_8-0"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-EcoSeas1-8">[9]</a></sup> Jadi, kata Indonesia berarti <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilayah" title="Wilayah">wilayah</a>
Hindia kepulauan, atau kepulauan yang berada di Hindia, yang
menunjukkan bahwa nama ini terbentuk jauh sebelum Indonesia menjadi
negara berdaulat.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-indoety_9-0"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-indoety-9">[10]</a></sup> Pada tahun 1850, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Earl" title="George Earl">George Earl</a>, seorang <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnologi" title="Etnologi">etnolog</a> berkebangsaan Inggris, awalnya mengusulkan istilah <i>Indunesia</i> dan <i>Malayunesia</i> untuk penduduk "Kepulauan Hindia atau Kepulauan Melayu".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JIAEA_1_10-0"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-JIAEA_1-10">[11]</a></sup> Murid dari Earl, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Richardson_Logan" title="James Richardson Logan">James Richardson Logan</a>, menggunakan kata <i>Indonesia</i> sebagai sinonim dari <i>Kepulauan India</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JIAEA_3_11-0"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-JIAEA_3-11">[12]</a></sup> Namun, penulisan akademik Belanda di media <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindia_Belanda" title="Hindia Belanda">Hindia Belanda</a> tidak menggunakan kata <i>Indonesia</i>, tetapi istilah <i>Kepulauan Melayu</i> (<i>Maleische Archipel</i>); <i>Hindia Timur Belanda</i> (<i>Nederlandsch Oost Indië</i>), atau <i>Hindia</i> (<i>Indië</i>); <i>Timur</i> (<i>de Oost</i>); dan bahkan <i>Insulinde</i> (istilah ini diperkenalkan tahun 1860 dalam novel <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Havelaar" title="Max Havelaar">Max Havelaar</a></i> (1859), ditulis oleh <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multatuli" title="Multatuli">Multatuli</a>, mengenai kritik terhadap kolonialisme Belanda).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Kroef_6-1"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-Kroef-6">[7]</a></sup><br />
Sejak tahun 1900, nama Indonesia menjadi lebih umum pada lingkungan
akademik di luar Belanda, dan golongan nasionalis Indonesia
menggunakannya untuk ekspresi politik.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Kroef_6-2"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-Kroef-6">[7]</a></sup> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Bastian" title="Adolf Bastian">Adolf Bastian</a> dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Humboldt_Berlin" title="Universitas Humboldt Berlin">Universitas Berlin</a> memasyarakatkan nama ini melalui buku <i>Indonesien oder die Inseln des Malayischen Archipels, 1884–1894</i>. Pelajar Indonesia pertama yang menggunakannya ialah <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki_Hajar_Dewantara" title="Ki Hajar Dewantara">Suwardi Suryaningrat</a> (Ki Hajar Dewantara), yaitu ketika ia mendirikan kantor berita di Belanda yang bernama <i>Indonesisch Pers Bureau</i> di tahun 1913.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-indoety_9-1"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-indoety-9">[10]</a></sup><br />
<h2>
<span class="editsection"></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Sejarah">Sejarah</span></h2>
<div class="dablink noprint">
<img alt="!" height="20" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/20px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" width="20" />Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah_Indonesia" title="Sejarah Indonesia">Sejarah Indonesia</a></div>
<div class="dablink noprint">
Lihat pula: <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah_Nusantara" title="Sejarah Nusantara">Sejarah Nusantara</a></div>
Peninggalan fosil-fosil <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_erectus" title="Homo erectus">Homo erectus</a></i>, yang oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropologi" title="Antropologi">antropolog</a> juga dijuluki "<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusia_Jawa" title="Manusia Jawa">Manusia Jawa</a>", menimbulkan dugaan bahwa kepulauan Indonesia telah mulai berpenghuni pada antara dua juta sampai 500.000 tahun yang lalu.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-12">[13]</a></sup> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austronesia#Asal_usul_bangsa_Austronesia" title="Austronesia">Bangsa Austronesia</a>, yang membentuk mayoritas penduduk pada saat ini, bermigrasi ke Asia Tenggara dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>. Mereka tiba di sekitar 2000 SM, dan menyebabkan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">bangsa Melanesia</a> yang telah ada lebih dahulu di sana terdesak ke wilayah-wilayah yang jauh di timur kepulauan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-13">[14]</a></sup> Kondisi tempat yang ideal bagi pertanian, dan penguasaan atas cara <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawah" title="Sawah">bercocok tanam padi</a> setidaknya sejak abad ke-8 SM,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-14">[15]</a></sup>
menyebabkan banyak perkampungan, kota, dan kerajaan-kerajaan kecil
tumbuh berkembang dengan baik pada abad pertama masehi. Selain itu,
Indonesia yang terletak di jalur perdagangan laut internasional dan
antar pulau, telah menjadi jalur pelayaran antara India dan Cina selama
beberapa abad.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-15">[16]</a></sup> Sejarah Indonesia selanjutnya mengalami banyak sekali pengaruh dari kegiatan perdagangan tersebut.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-16">[17]</a></sup><br />
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 252px;">
<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Borobudur_ship.JPG&filetimestamp=20070512165453"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="172" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Borobudur_ship.JPG/250px-Borobudur_ship.JPG" width="250" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Borobudur_ship.JPG&filetimestamp=20070512165453" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
Sejak abad ke-1 kapal dagang Indonesia telah berlayar jauh, bahkan sampai ke <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a>. Sebuah bagian dari relief kapal di candi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur" title="Borobudur">Borobudur</a>, k. 800 M.</div>
</div>
</div>
Di bawah pengaruh agama <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddha" title="Buddha">Buddha</a>, beberapa kerajaan terbentuk di pulau <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimantan" title="Kalimantan">Kalimantan</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa" title="Jawa">Jawa</a> sejak <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ke-4" title="Abad ke-4">abad ke-4</a> hingga <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ke-14" title="Abad ke-14">abad ke-14</a>. <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajaan_Kutai" title="Kerajaan Kutai">Kutai</a>, merupakan kerajaan tertua di Nusantara yang berdiri pada abad ke-4 di hulu <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungai_Mahakam" title="Sungai Mahakam">sungai Mahakam</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimantan_Timur" title="Kalimantan Timur">Kalimantan Timur</a>. Di wilayah barat pulau Jawa, pada abad ke-4 hingga abad ke-7 M berdiri kerajaan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarumanegara" title="Tarumanegara">Tarumanegara</a>. Pemerintahan Tarumanagara dilanjutkan oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajaan_Sunda" title="Kerajaan Sunda">Kerajaan Sunda</a> dari tahun 669 M sampai 1579 M. Pada abad ke-7 muncul kerajaan Malayu yang berpusat di <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jambi_%28kota%29" title="Jambi (kota)">Jambi</a>, Sumatera. <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sriwijaya" title="Sriwijaya">Sriwijaya</a>
mengalahkan Malayu dan muncul sebagai kerajaan maritim yang paling
perkasa di Nusantara. Wilayah kekuasaannya meliputi Sumatera, Jawa,
semenanjung Melayu, sekaligus mengontrol perdagangan di Selat Malaka,
Selat Sunda, dan Laut Cina Selatan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-17">[18]</a></sup> Di bawah pengaruh Sriwijaya, antara abad ke-8 dan ke-10 wangsa <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wangsa_Syailendra" title="Wangsa Syailendra">Syailendra</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wangsa_Sanjaya" title="Wangsa Sanjaya">Sanjaya</a> berhasil mengembangkan kerajaan-kerajaan berbasis agrikultur di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa" title="Jawa">Jawa</a>, dengan peninggalan bersejarahnya seperti candi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur" title="Borobudur">Borobudur</a> dan candi <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prambanan" title="Prambanan">Prambanan</a>. Di akhir abad ke-13, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majapahit" title="Majapahit">Majapahit</a> berdiri di bagian timur pulau Jawa. Di bawah pimpinan mahapatih <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gajah_Mada" title="Gajah Mada">Gajah Mada</a>,
kekuasaannya meluas sampai hampir meliputi wilayah Indonesia kini; dan
sering disebut "Zaman Keemasan" dalam sejarah Indonesia.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-18">[19]</a></sup><br />
Kedatangan pedagang-pedagang <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangsa_Arab" title="Bangsa Arab">Arab</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangsa_Persia" title="Bangsa Persia">Persia</a> melalui Gujarat, India, kemudian membawa agama <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. Selain itu pelaut-pelaut <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiongkok" title="Tiongkok">Tiongkok</a> yang dipimpin oleh Laksamana <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheng_Ho" title="Cheng Ho">Cheng Ho</a> (Zheng He) yang beragama Islam, juga pernah menyinggahi wilayah ini pada awal <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ke-15" title="Abad ke-15">abad ke-15</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-19">[20]</a></sup> Para pedagang-pedagang ini juga menyebarkan agama Islam di beberapa wilayah Nusantara. <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samudera_Pasai" title="Samudera Pasai">Samudera Pasai</a> yang berdiri pada tahun 1267, merupakan kerajaan Islam pertama di Indonesia.<br />
Ketika orang-orang <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eropa" title="Eropa">Eropa</a> datang pada awal <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ke-16" title="Abad ke-16">abad ke-16</a>,
mereka menemukan beberapa kerajaan yang dengan mudah dapat mereka
kuasai demi mendominasi perdagangan rempah-rempah. Portugis pertama kali
mendarat di dua pelabuhan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajaan_Sunda" title="Kerajaan Sunda">Kerajaan Sunda</a> yaitu <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banten" title="Banten">Banten</a> dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padrao_Sunda_Kalapa" title="Padrao Sunda Kalapa">Sunda Kelapa</a>, tapi dapat diusir dan bergerak ke arah timur dan menguasai <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maluku" title="Maluku">Maluku</a>. Pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ke-17" title="Abad ke-17">abad ke-17</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belanda" title="Belanda">Belanda</a> muncul sebagai yang terkuat di antara negara-negara Eropa lainnya, mengalahkan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britania_Raya" title="Britania Raya">Britania Raya</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> (kecuali untuk koloni mereka, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor_Portugis" title="Timor Portugis">Timor Portugis</a>). Pada masa itulah agama <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristen" title="Kristen">Kristen</a> masuk ke Indonesia sebagai salah satu misi imperialisme lama yang dikenal sebagai <i>3G</i>, yaitu <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_Penemuan" title="Abad Penemuan">Gold, Glory, and Gospel</a></i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-20">[21]</a></sup> Belanda menguasai Indonesia sebagai koloni hingga <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II" title="Perang Dunia II">Perang Dunia II</a>, awalnya melalui <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/VOC" title="VOC">VOC</a>, dan kemudian langsung oleh pemerintah Belanda sejak awal abad ke-19.<br />
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<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_van_den_Bosch" title="Johannes van den Bosch">Johannes van den Bosch</a>, pencetus <i>Cultuurstelsel</i>.</div>
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Di bawah sistem <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultuurstelsel" title="Cultuurstelsel">Cultuurstelsel</a></i> (<i>Sistem Penanaman</i>)
pada abad ke-19, perkebunan besar dan penanaman paksa dilaksanakan di
Jawa, akhirnya menghasilkan keuntungan bagi Belanda yang tidak dapat
dihasilkan VOC. Pada masa pemerintahan kolonial yang lebih bebas setelah
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a>, sistem ini dihapus. Setelah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1901" title="1901">1901</a> pihak Belanda memperkenalkan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politik_Etis" title="Politik Etis">Kebijakan Beretika</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-21"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-21">[22]</a></sup> yang termasuk reformasi politik yang terbatas dan investasi yang lebih besar di Hindia-Belanda.<br />
Pada masa Perang Dunia II, sewaktu Belanda dijajah oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang">Jepang</a>
menguasai Indonesia. Setelah mendapatkan Indonesia pada tahun 1942,
Jepang melihat bahwa para pejuang Indonesia merupakan rekan perdagangan
yang kooperatif dan bersedia mengerahkan prajurit bila diperlukan. <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno" title="Soekarno">Soekarno</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatta" title="Hatta">Mohammad Hatta</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mas_Mansur,_Kiai_Haji" title="Mas Mansur, Kiai Haji">KH. Mas Mansur</a>, dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki_Hajar_Dewantara" title="Ki Hajar Dewantara">Ki Hajar Dewantara</a> diberikan penghargaan oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirohito" title="Hirohito">Kaisar Jepang</a> pada tahun 1943.<br />
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<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno" title="Soekarno">Soekarno</a>, presiden pertama Indonesia.</div>
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Pada Maret <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a> Jepang membentuk sebuah komite untuk kemerdekaan Indonesia. Setelah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Pasifik" title="Perang Pasifik">perang Pasifik</a>
berakhir pada tahun 1945, di bawah tekanan organisasi pemuda,
Soekarno-Hatta memproklamasikan kemerdekaan Indonesia pada tanggal <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/17_Agustus" title="17 Agustus">17 Agustus</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a>. Setelah kemerdekaan, tiga pendiri bangsa yakni <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno" title="Soekarno">Soekarno</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta">Mohammad Hatta</a>, dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutan_Sjahrir" title="Sutan Sjahrir">Sutan Sjahrir</a> masing-masing menjabat sebagai presiden, wakil presiden, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perdana_menteri" title="Perdana menteri">perdana menteri</a>. Dalam usaha untuk menguasai kembali Indonesia, Belanda mengirimkan pasukan mereka.<br />
Usaha-usaha berdarah untuk meredam pergerakan kemerdekaan ini kemudian dikenal oleh orang Belanda sebagai 'aksi kepolisian' (<i>Politionele Actie</i>), atau dikenal oleh orang Indonesia sebagai Agresi Militer.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-22"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-22">[23]</a></sup> Belanda akhirnya menerima hak Indonesia untuk merdeka pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/27_Desember" title="27 Desember">27 Desember</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a> sebagai negara <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal" title="Federal">federal</a> yang disebut <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Indonesia_Serikat" title="Republik Indonesia Serikat">Republik Indonesia Serikat</a> setelah mendapat tekanan yang kuat dari kalangan internasional, terutama <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a>. Mosi Integral <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natsir" title="Natsir">Natsir</a>
pada tanggal 17 Agustus 1950, menyerukan kembalinya negara kesatuan
Republik Indonesia dan membubarkan Republik Indonesia Serikat. Soekarno
kembali menjadi presiden dengan Mohammad Hatta sebagai wakil presiden
dan Mohammad Natsir sebagai perdana menteri.<br />
Pada tahun 1950-an dan 1960-an, pemerintahan Soekarno mulai mengikuti sekaligus merintis <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerakan_non-blok" title="Gerakan non-blok">gerakan non-blok</a> pada awalnya, kemudian menjadi lebih dekat dengan blok <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosialisme" title="Sosialisme">sosialis</a>, misalnya <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Cina" title="Republik Rakyat Cina">Republik Rakyat Cina</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>. Tahun 1960-an menjadi saksi terjadinya konfrontasi militer terhadap negara tetangga, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> ("<i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konfrontasi_Indonesia-Malaysia" title="Konfrontasi Indonesia-Malaysia">Konfrontasi</a></i>"),<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-23"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-23">[24]</a></sup> dan ketidakpuasan terhadap kesulitan ekonomi yang semakin besar. Selanjutnya pada tahun 1965 meletus kejadian <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/G30S" title="G30S">G30S</a> yang menyebabkan kematian 6 orang <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenderal" title="Jenderal">jenderal</a> dan sejumlah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perwira" title="Perwira">perwira</a> menengah lainnya. Muncul kekuatan baru yang menyebut dirinya <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orde_Baru" title="Orde Baru">Orde Baru</a> yang segera menuduh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partai_Komunis_Indonesia" title="Partai Komunis Indonesia">Partai Komunis Indonesia</a>
sebagai otak di belakang kejadian ini dan bermaksud menggulingkan
pemerintahan yang sah serta mengganti ideologi nasional menjadi
berdasarkan paham <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosialisme" title="Sosialisme">sosialis</a>-<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunisme" title="Komunisme">komunis</a>. Tuduhan ini sekaligus dijadikan alasan untuk menggantikan pemerintahan lama di bawah Presiden <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekarno" title="Soekarno">Soekarno</a>.<br />
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<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatta" title="Hatta">Hatta</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a>, dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjahrir" title="Sjahrir">Sjahrir</a>, tiga pendiri Indonesia.</div>
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Jenderal <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soeharto" title="Soeharto">Soeharto</a> menjadi presiden pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967" title="1967">1967</a> dengan alasan untuk mengamankan negara dari ancaman <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunisme" title="Komunisme">komunisme</a>.
Sementara itu kondisi fisik Soekarno sendiri semakin melemah. Setelah
Soeharto berkuasa, ratusan ribu warga Indonesia yang dicurigai terlibat
pihak komunis dibunuh, sementara masih banyak lagi warga Indonesia yang
sedang berada di luar negeri, tidak berani kembali ke tanah air, dan
akhirnya dicabut <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kewarganegaraan" title="Kewarganegaraan">kewarganegaraannya</a>. Tiga puluh dua tahun masa kekuasaan Soeharto dinamakan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orde_Baru" title="Orde Baru">Orde Baru</a>, sementara masa pemerintahan Soekarno disebut <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orde_Lama" title="Orde Lama">Orde Lama</a>.<br />
Soeharto menerapkan ekonomi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoliberalisme" title="Neoliberalisme">neoliberal</a> dan berhasil mendatangkan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investasi" title="Investasi">investasi</a> luar negeri yang besar untuk masuk ke Indonesia dan menghasilkan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang besar, meski tidak merata. Pada awal <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rezim" title="Rezim">rezim</a> Orde Baru kebijakan ekomomi Indonesia disusun oleh sekelompok ekonom lulusan Departemen Ekonomi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_California,_Berkeley" title="Universitas California, Berkeley">Universitas California, Berkeley</a>, yang dipanggil "<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafia_Berkeley" title="Mafia Berkeley">Mafia Berkeley</a>".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-24"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-24">[25]</a></sup> Namun, Soeharto menambah kekayaannya dan keluarganya melalui praktik <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korupsi" title="Korupsi">korupsi</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolusi" title="Kolusi">kolusi</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotisme" title="Nepotisme">nepotisme</a> yang meluas dan dia akhirnya dipaksa turun dari jabatannya setelah aksi <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demonstrasi" title="Demonstrasi">demonstrasi</a> besar-besaran dan kondisi ekonomi negara yang memburuk pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>.<br />
Dari 1998 hingga 2001, Indonesia mempunyai tiga <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_Presiden_Indonesia" title="Daftar Presiden Indonesia">presiden</a>: <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habibie" title="Habibie">Bacharuddin Jusuf (BJ) Habibie</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdurrahman_Wahid" title="Abdurrahman Wahid">Abdurrahman Wahid</a> dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megawati_Sukarnoputri" title="Megawati Sukarnoputri">Megawati Sukarnoputri</a>. Pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemilu_2004" title="Pemilu 2004">pemilu</a> satu hari terbesar di dunia<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-25">[26]</a></sup> diadakan dan dimenangkan oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susilo_Bambang_Yudhoyono" title="Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono">Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono</a>.<br />
Indonesia kini sedang mengalami masalah-masalah ekonomi, politik dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konflik" title="Konflik">pertikaian</a> bernuansa agama di dalam negeri, dan beberapa daerah berusaha untuk mendapatkan kemerdekaan, terutama <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua" title="Papua">Papua</a>. <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor_Timur" title="Timor Timur">Timor Timur</a> akhirnya resmi memisahkan diri pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a> setelah 24 tahun bersatu dengan Indonesia dan 3 tahun di bawah administrasi <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBB" title="PBB">PBB</a> menjadi negara <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor_Leste" title="Timor Leste">Timor Leste</a>.<br />
Pada Desember <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a> dan Maret <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aceh" title="Aceh">Aceh</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Nias" title="Pulau Nias">Nias</a> dilanda dua <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gempa_bumi" title="Gempa bumi">gempa bumi</a> besar yang totalnya menewaskan ratusan ribu jiwa. (Lihat <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gempa_bumi_Samudra_Hindia_2004" title="Gempa bumi Samudra Hindia 2004">Gempa bumi Samudra Hindia 2004</a></i> dan <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gempa_bumi_Sumatra_Maret_2005" title="Gempa bumi Sumatra Maret 2005">Gempa bumi Sumatra Maret 2005</a></i>.) Kejadian ini disusul oleh <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gempa_bumi_Yogyakarta_Mei_2006" title="Gempa bumi Yogyakarta Mei 2006">gempa bumi di Yogyakarta</a> dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gempa_bumi_Jawa_Juli_2006" title="Gempa bumi Jawa Juli 2006">tsunami</a> yang menghantam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantai_Pangandaran" title="Pantai Pangandaran">Pantai Pangandaran</a> dan sekitarnya, serta <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjir_lumpur_panas_Sidoarjo_2006" title="Banjir lumpur panas Sidoarjo 2006">banjir lumpur</a> di <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidoarjo" title="Sidoarjo">Sidoarjo</a> pada 2006 yang tidak kunjung terpecahkan.<br />
<h2>
<span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Politik_dan_pemerintahan">Politik dan pemerintahan</span></h2>
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<img alt="!" height="20" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/20px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" width="20" />Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politik_Indonesia" title="Politik Indonesia">Politik Indonesia</a></div>
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Gedung MPR-DPR</div>
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<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Istana_Negara.JPG&filetimestamp=20070511064824"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="174" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/9/98/Istana_Negara.JPG/250px-Istana_Negara.JPG" width="250" /></a>
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<b>Istana Negara</b>, bagian dari Istana Kepresidenan Jakarta.</div>
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Indonesia menjalankan pemerintahan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik" title="Republik">republik</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_presidensial" title="Sistem presidensial">presidensial</a> multipartai yang <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokrasi" title="Demokrasi">demokratis</a>. Seperti juga di negara-negara demokrasi lainnya, sistem politik di Indonesia didasarkan pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemisahan_kekuasaan" title="Pemisahan kekuasaan">Trias Politika</a> yaitu kekuasaan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislatif" title="Legislatif">legislatif</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksekutif" title="Eksekutif">eksekutif</a> dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yudikatif" title="Yudikatif">yudikatif</a>. Kekuasaan legislatif dipegang oleh sebuah lembaga bernama <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majelis_Permusyawaratan_Rakyat" title="Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat">Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat</a> (MPR).<br />
MPR pernah menjadi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majelis_Permusyawaratan_Rakyat#Kedudukan" title="Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat">lembaga tertinggi negara</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_satu_kamar" title="Sistem satu kamar">unikameral</a>, namun setelah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perubahan_Keempat_Undang-Undang_Dasar_Negara_Republik_Indonesia_Tahun_1945" title="Perubahan Keempat Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945">amandemen ke-4</a> MPR bukanlah lembaga tertinggi lagi, dan komposisi keanggotaannya juga berubah. MPR setelah amandemen UUD 1945, yaitu sejak <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a> menjelma menjadi lembaga <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_dua_kamar" title="Sistem dua kamar">bikameral</a> yang terdiri dari 560 anggota <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewan_Perwakilan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat">Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat</a> (DPR) yang merupakan wakil rakyat melalui <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partai_Politik" title="Partai Politik">Partai Politik</a>, ditambah dengan 132 anggota <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewan_Perwakilan_Daerah" title="Dewan Perwakilan Daerah">Dewan Perwakilan Daerah</a> (DPD) yang merupakan wakil provinsi dari jalur <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independen" title="Independen">independen</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-26">[27]</a></sup> Anggota DPR dan DPD dipilih melalui <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemilu" title="Pemilu">pemilu</a> dan dilantik untuk masa jabatan lima tahun. Sebelumnya, anggota MPR adalah seluruh anggota DPR ditambah <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utusan_golongan" title="Utusan golongan">utusan golongan</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tentara_Nasional_Indonesia" title="Tentara Nasional Indonesia">TNI</a>/<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepolisian_Negara_Republik_Indonesia" title="Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia">Polri</a>. MPR saat ini diketuai oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taufiq_Kiemas" title="Taufiq Kiemas">Taufiq Kiemas</a>. DPR saat ini diketuai oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marzuki_Alie" title="Marzuki Alie">Marzuki Alie</a>, sedangkan DPD saat ini diketuai oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irman_Gusman" title="Irman Gusman">Irman Gusman</a>.<br />
Lembaga eksekutif berpusat pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presiden" title="Presiden">presiden</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakil_presiden" title="Wakil presiden">wakil presiden</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabinet" title="Kabinet">kabinet</a>. Kabinet di Indonesia adalah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabinet_%28pemerintahan%29" title="Kabinet (pemerintahan)">Kabinet Presidensial</a>
sehingga para menteri bertanggung jawab kepada presiden dan tidak
mewakili partai politik yang ada di parlemen. Meskipun demikian,
Presiden saat ini yakni <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susilo_Bambang_Yudhoyono" title="Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono">Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono</a> yang diusung oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partai_Demokrat" title="Partai Demokrat">Partai Demokrat</a> juga menunjuk sejumlah pemimpin <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partai_Politik" title="Partai Politik">Partai Politik</a>
untuk duduk di kabinetnya. Tujuannya untuk menjaga stabilitas
pemerintahan mengingat kuatnya posisi lembaga legislatif di Indonesia.
Namun pos-pos penting dan strategis umumnya diisi oleh menteri tanpa
portofolio partai (berasal dari seseorang yang dianggap ahli dalam
bidangnya).<br />
Lembaga Yudikatif sejak masa reformasi dan adanya amandemen UUD 1945 dijalankan oleh <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahkamah_Agung_Republik_Indonesia" title="Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia">Mahkamah Agung</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komisi_Yudisial" title="Komisi Yudisial">Komisi Yudisial</a>, dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahkamah_Konstitusi" title="Mahkamah Konstitusi">Mahkamah Konstitusi</a>, termasuk pengaturan administrasi para hakim. Meskipun demikian keberadaan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menteri_Hukum_dan_Hak_Asasi_Manusia_Republik_Indonesia" title="Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Republik Indonesia">Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia</a> tetap dipertahankan.<br />
<h2>
<span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Pembagian_administratif">Pembagian administratif</span></h2>
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<img alt="!" height="20" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/20px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" width="20" />Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinsi_Indonesia" title="Provinsi Indonesia">Provinsi Indonesia</a></div>
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<div style="position: relative;">
<img alt="Indonesia provinces blank map.svg" height="281" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Indonesia_provinces_blank_map.svg/600px-Indonesia_provinces_blank_map.svg.png" width="600" /><br />
<div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;">
<div style="left: 14.000001px; position: absolute; top: 49px;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aceh" title="Aceh">Aceh</a></div>
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<div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;">
<div style="left: 49.000002px; position: absolute; top: 67px;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera_Utara" title="Sumatera Utara">Sumatera<br />
Utara</a></div>
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<div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;">
<div style="left: 51px; position: absolute; top: 122.000002px;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera_Barat" title="Sumatera Barat">Sumatera<br />
Barat</a></div>
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<div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;">
<div style="left: 84px; position: absolute; top: 100px;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riau" title="Riau">Riau</a></div>
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<div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;">
<div style="left: 140.000004px; position: absolute; top: 79.999996px;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepulauan_Riau" title="Kepulauan Riau">Kep.<br />
Riau</a></div>
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<div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;">
<div style="left: 147px; position: absolute; top: 125.999998px;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepulauan_Bangka_Belitung" title="Kepulauan Bangka Belitung">Kep. Bangka<br />
Belitung</a></div>
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<div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;">
<div style="left: 93px; position: absolute; top: 128.000002px;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jambi" title="Jambi">Jambi</a></div>
</div>
<div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;">
<div style="left: 109.999998px; position: absolute; top: 143.000002px;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera_Selatan" title="Sumatera Selatan">Sumatera<br />
Selatan</a></div>
</div>
<div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;">
<div style="left: 69px; position: absolute; top: 163.999996px;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengkulu" title="Bengkulu">Bengkulu</a></div>
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<div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;">
<div style="left: 109.999998px; position: absolute; top: 171.00001px;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lampung" title="Lampung">Lampung</a></div>
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<div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;">
<div style="left: 117px; position: absolute; top: 192.000004px;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banten" title="Banten">Banten</a></div>
</div>
<div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;">
<div style="left: 148.999998px; position: absolute; top: 179.999998px;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daerah_Khusus_Ibukota_Jakarta" title="Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta">DKI Jakarta</a></div>
</div>
<div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;">
<div style="left: 151.999992px; position: absolute; top: 196px;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Barat" title="Jawa Barat">Jawa<br />
Barat</a></div>
</div>
<div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;">
<div style="left: 184.999998px; position: absolute; top: 191.000008px;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Tengah" title="Jawa Tengah">Jawa<br />
Tengah</a></div>
</div>
<div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;">
<div style="left: 163.999998px; position: absolute; top: 214px;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daerah_Istimewa_Yogyakarta" title="Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta">DI Yogyakarta</a></div>
</div>
<div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;">
<div style="left: 217.000002px; position: absolute; top: 199px;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Timur" title="Jawa Timur">Jawa<br />
Timur</a></div>
</div>
<div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;">
<div style="left: 249px; position: absolute; top: 209.000008px;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a></div>
</div>
<div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;">
<div style="left: 262.999992px; position: absolute; top: 228.00001px;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusa_Tenggara_Barat" title="Nusa Tenggara Barat">Nusa Tenggara<br />
Barat</a></div>
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<div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;">
<div style="left: 322.00002px; position: absolute; top: 212.000002px;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusa_Tenggara_Timur" title="Nusa Tenggara Timur">Nusa Tenggara<br />
Timur</a></div>
</div>
<div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;">
<div style="left: 183px; position: absolute; top: 103px;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimantan_Barat" title="Kalimantan Barat">Kalimantan<br />
Barat</a></div>
</div>
<div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;">
<div style="left: 217.000002px; position: absolute; top: 125.999998px;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimantan_Tengah" title="Kalimantan Tengah">Kalimantan<br />
Tengah</a></div>
</div>
<div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;">
<div style="left: 256.000002px; position: absolute; top: 88.999996px;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimantan_Timur" title="Kalimantan Timur">Kalimantan<br />
Timur</a></div>
</div>
<div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;">
<div style="left: 234px; position: absolute; top: 149.999992px;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimantan_Selatan" title="Kalimantan Selatan">Kalimantan<br />
Selatan</a></div>
</div>
<div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;">
<div style="left: 364.00002px; position: absolute; top: 77.000002px;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi_Utara" title="Sulawesi Utara">Sulawesi<br />
Utara</a></div>
</div>
<div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;">
<div style="left: 390px; position: absolute; top: 102.000004px;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maluku_Utara" title="Maluku Utara">Maluku<br />
Utara</a></div>
</div>
<div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;">
<div style="left: 318px; position: absolute; top: 116.999998px;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi_Tengah" title="Sulawesi Tengah">Sulawesi<br />
Tengah</a></div>
</div>
<div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;">
<div style="left: 317.000016px; position: absolute; top: 88px;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorontalo" title="Gorontalo">Gorontalo</a></div>
</div>
<div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;">
<div style="left: 279.999996px; position: absolute; top: 129.000004px;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi_Barat" title="Sulawesi Barat">Sulawesi<br />
Barat</a></div>
</div>
<div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;">
<div style="left: 286.000008px; position: absolute; top: 164.999998px;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi_Selatan" title="Sulawesi Selatan">Sulawesi<br />
Selatan</a></div>
</div>
<div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;">
<div style="left: 329.000004px; position: absolute; top: 159.000004px;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi_Tenggara" title="Sulawesi Tenggara">Sulawesi<br />
Tenggara</a></div>
</div>
<div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;">
<div style="left: 408.999996px; position: absolute; top: 169px;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maluku" title="Maluku">Maluku</a></div>
</div>
<div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;">
<div style="left: 465px; position: absolute; top: 128.000002px;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Barat" title="Papua Barat">Papua<br />
Barat</a></div>
</div>
<div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;">
<div style="left: 531px; position: absolute; top: 159.000004px;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua" title="Papua">Papua</a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Indonesia saat ini terdiri dari 33 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinsi" title="Provinsi">provinsi</a>, lima di antaranya memiliki status yang berbeda. Provinsi dibagi menjadi 399 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten" title="Kabupaten">kabupaten</a> dan 98 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota" title="Kota">kota</a> yang dibagi lagi menjadi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kecamatan" title="Kecamatan">kecamatan</a> dan lagi menjadi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelurahan" title="Kelurahan">kelurahan</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desa" title="Desa">desa</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gampong" title="Gampong">gampong</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampung" title="Kampung">kampung</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagari" title="Nagari">nagari</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pekon" title="Pekon">pekon</a>, atau istilah lain yang diakomodasi oleh Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 32 Tahun 2004 tentang <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemerintahan_Daerah" title="Pemerintahan Daerah">Pemerintahan Daerah</a>. Tiap provinsi memiliki <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewan_Perwakilan_Rakyat_Daerah_Provinsi" title="Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Provinsi">DPRD Provinsi</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gubernur" title="Gubernur">gubernur</a>; sementara <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten" title="Kabupaten">kabupaten</a> memiliki <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewan_Perwakilan_Rakyat_Daerah_Kabupaten" title="Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten">DPRD Kabupaten</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bupati" title="Bupati">bupati</a>; kemudian <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota" title="Kota">kota</a> memiliki <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewan_Perwakilan_Rakyat_Daerah_Kota" title="Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kota">DPRD Kota</a> dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walikota" title="Walikota">walikota</a>; semuanya dipilih langsung oleh rakyat melalui <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemilu" title="Pemilu">Pemilu</a> dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilkada" title="Pilkada">Pilkada</a>.
Bagaimanapun di Jakarta tidak terdapat DPR Kabupaten atau Kota, karena
Kabupaten Administrasi dan Kota Administrasi di Jakarta bukanlah daerah
otonom.<br />
Provinsi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aceh" title="Aceh">Aceh</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daerah_Istimewa_Yogyakarta" title="Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta">Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Barat" title="Papua Barat">Papua Barat</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua" title="Papua">Papua</a>
memiliki hak istimewa legislatur yang lebih besar dan tingkat otonomi
yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan provinsi lainnya. Contohnya, Aceh berhak
membentuk sistem legal sendiri; pada tahun 2003, Aceh mulai menetapkan
hukum <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syariah" title="Syariah">Syariah</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-27"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-27">[28]</a></sup>
Yogyakarta mendapatkan status Daerah Istimewa sebagai pengakuan
terhadap peran penting Yogyakarta dalam mendukung Indonesia selama
Revolusi.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-28"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-28">[29]</a></sup> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinsi_Papua" title="Provinsi Papua">Provinsi Papua</a>, sebelumnya disebut Irian Jaya, mendapat status otonomi khusus tahun 2001.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-29"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-29">[30]</a></sup> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DKI_Jakarta" title="DKI Jakarta">DKI Jakarta</a>, adalah daerah khusus ibukota negara. <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor_Portugis" title="Timor Portugis">Timor Portugis</a> digabungkan ke dalam wilayah Indonesia dan menjadi provinsi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor_Timur" title="Timor Timur">Timor Timur</a> pada 1979–1999, yang kemudian memisahkan diri melalui referendum menjadi Negara <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor_Leste" title="Timor Leste">Timor Leste</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-30"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-30">[31]</a></sup><br />
<dl>
<dt>Provinsi di Indonesia dan ibukotanya</dt>
</dl>
<table class="" style="background-color: transparent; width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="">
<b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera" title="Sumatera">Sumatera</a></b><br />
<ul>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aceh" title="Aceh">Aceh</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Banda_Aceh" title="Kota Banda Aceh">Banda Aceh</a></li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera_Utara" title="Sumatera Utara">Sumatera Utara</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Medan" title="Kota Medan">Medan</a></li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera_Barat" title="Sumatera Barat">Sumatera Barat</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Padang" title="Kota Padang">Padang</a></li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riau" title="Riau">Riau</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Pekanbaru" title="Kota Pekanbaru">Pekanbaru</a></li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepulauan_Riau" title="Kepulauan Riau">Kepulauan Riau</a> - <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Tanjung_Pinang" title="Kota Tanjung Pinang">Tanjung Pinang</a></li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jambi" title="Jambi">Jambi</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Jambi" title="Kota Jambi">Jambi</a></li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera_Selatan" title="Sumatera Selatan">Sumatera Selatan</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Palembang" title="Kota Palembang">Palembang</a></li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepulauan_Bangka_Belitung" title="Kepulauan Bangka Belitung">Kepulauan Bangka Belitung</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Pangkal_Pinang" title="Kota Pangkal Pinang">Pangkal Pinang</a></li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengkulu" title="Bengkulu">Bengkulu</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Bengkulu" title="Kota Bengkulu">Bengkulu</a></li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lampung" title="Lampung">Lampung</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Bandar_Lampung" title="Kota Bandar Lampung">Bandar Lampung</a></li>
</ul>
<b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa" title="Jawa">Jawa</a></b><br />
<ul>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daerah_Khusus_Ibukota_Jakarta" title="Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta">Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta</a></li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banten" title="Banten">Banten</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Serang" title="Kota Serang">Serang</a></li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Barat" title="Jawa Barat">Jawa Barat</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Bandung" title="Kota Bandung">Bandung</a></li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Tengah" title="Jawa Tengah">Jawa Tengah</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Semarang" title="Kota Semarang">Semarang</a></li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daerah_Istimewa_Yogyakarta" title="Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta">Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Yogyakarta" title="Kota Yogyakarta">Yogyakarta</a></li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Timur" title="Jawa Timur">Jawa Timur</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Surabaya" title="Kota Surabaya">Surabaya</a></li>
</ul>
<b><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepulauan_Sunda_Kecil" title="Kepulauan Sunda Kecil">Kepulauan Sunda Kecil</a></b><br />
<ul>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Denpasar" title="Kota Denpasar">Denpasar</a></li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusa_Tenggara_Barat" title="Nusa Tenggara Barat">Nusa Tenggara Barat</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Mataram" title="Kota Mataram">Mataram</a></li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusa_Tenggara_Timur" title="Nusa Tenggara Timur">Nusa Tenggara Timur</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Kupang" title="Kota Kupang">Kupang</a></li>
</ul>
</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="">
<b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimantan" title="Kalimantan">Kalimantan</a></b><br />
<ul>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimantan_Barat" title="Kalimantan Barat">Kalimantan Barat</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Pontianak" title="Kota Pontianak">Pontianak</a></li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimantan_Tengah" title="Kalimantan Tengah">Kalimantan Tengah</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Palangka_Raya" title="Kota Palangka Raya">Palangka Raya</a></li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimantan_Selatan" title="Kalimantan Selatan">Kalimantan Selatan</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Banjarmasin" title="Kota Banjarmasin">Banjarmasin</a></li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimantan_Timur" title="Kalimantan Timur">Kalimantan Timur</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Samarinda" title="Kota Samarinda">Samarinda</a></li>
</ul>
<b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a></b><br />
<ul>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi_Utara" title="Sulawesi Utara">Sulawesi Utara</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Manado" title="Kota Manado">Manado</a></li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorontalo" title="Gorontalo">Gorontalo</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Gorontalo" title="Kota Gorontalo">Gorontalo</a></li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi_Tengah" title="Sulawesi Tengah">Sulawesi Tengah</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Palu" title="Kota Palu">Palu</a></li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi_Barat" title="Sulawesi Barat">Sulawesi Barat</a> - <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Mamuju" title="Kota Mamuju">Mamuju</a></li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi_Selatan" title="Sulawesi Selatan">Sulawesi Selatan</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Makassar" title="Kota Makassar">Makassar</a></li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi_Tenggara" title="Sulawesi Tenggara">Sulawesi Tenggara</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Kendari" title="Kota Kendari">Kendari</a></li>
</ul>
<b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepulauan_Maluku" title="Kepulauan Maluku">Kepulauan Maluku</a></b><br />
<ul>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maluku" title="Maluku">Maluku</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Ambon" title="Kota Ambon">Ambon</a></li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maluku_Utara" title="Maluku Utara">Maluku Utara</a> - <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofifi" title="Sofifi">Sofifi</a></li>
</ul>
<b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_bagian_barat" title="Papua bagian barat">Papua bagian barat</a></b><br />
<ul>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Barat" title="Papua Barat">Papua Barat</a> - <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Manokwari" title="Kota Manokwari">Manokwari</a></li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua" title="Papua">Papua</a> - <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Jayapura" title="Kota Jayapura">Jayapura</a></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2>
<span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Geografi">Geografi</span></h2>
<div class="dablink noprint">
<img alt="!" height="20" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/20px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" width="20" />Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografi_Indonesia" title="Geografi Indonesia">Geografi Indonesia</a></div>
<i>Lihat pula: <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia#Peta" title="Asia">Peta Asia</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumlah_pulau_di_Indonesia" title="Jumlah pulau di Indonesia">Jumlah pulau di Indonesia</a></i><br />
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 152px;">
<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Waterfall_Madakaripura_B.JPG&filetimestamp=20081205044217"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="226" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Waterfall_Madakaripura_B.JPG/150px-Waterfall_Madakaripura_B.JPG" width="150" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Waterfall_Madakaripura_B.JPG&filetimestamp=20081205044217" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_terjun_Madakaripura" title="Air terjun Madakaripura">Air terjun Madakaripura</a> di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taman_Nasional_Bromo_Tengger_Semeru" title="Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru">Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbang,_Probolinggo" title="Lumbang, Probolinggo">Lumbang, Probolinggo</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Timur" title="Jawa Timur">Jawa Timur</a>.</div>
</div>
</div>
Indonesia adalah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negara_kepulauan" title="Negara kepulauan">negara kepulauan</a> di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Tenggara" title="Asia Tenggara">Asia Tenggara</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-31"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-31">[32]</a></sup> yang memiliki 17.504 pulau besar dan kecil, sekitar 6.000 di antaranya tidak berpenghuni<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Indonesia_Regions_32-0"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-Indonesia_Regions-32">[33]</a></sup>, yang menyebar disekitar <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khatulistiwa" title="Khatulistiwa">khatulistiwa</a>, yang memberikan cuaca tropis. Posisi Indonesia terletak pada koordinat 6°<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/LU" title="LU">LU</a> - 11°08'<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/LS" title="LS">LS</a> dan dari 95°'<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/BT" title="BT">BT</a> - 141°45'<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/BT" title="BT">BT</a> serta terletak di antara dua <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benua" title="Benua">benua</a> yaitu benua <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> dan benua <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>/<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseania" title="Oseania">Oseania</a>.<br />
Wilayah Indonesia terbentang sepanjang 3.977 mil di antara <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samudra_Hindia" title="Samudra Hindia">Samudra Hindia</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samudra_Pasifik" title="Samudra Pasifik">Samudra Pasifik</a>.
Luas daratan Indonesia adalah 1.922.570 km² dan luas perairannya
3.257.483 km². Pulau terpadat penduduknya adalah pulau Jawa, dimana
setengah populasi Indonesia bermukim. Indonesia terdiri dari 5 pulau
besar, yaitu: <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Jawa" title="Pulau Jawa">Jawa</a> dengan luas 132.107 km², <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera" title="Sumatera">Sumatera</a> dengan luas 473.606 km², <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Kalimantan" title="Pulau Kalimantan">Kalimantan</a> dengan luas 539.460 km², <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a> dengan luas 189.216 km², dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Papua" title="Pulau Papua">Papua</a> dengan luas 421.981 km². Batas wilayah Indonesia diukur dari kepulauan dengan menggunakan territorial laut: 12 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mil_laut" title="Mil laut">mil laut</a> serta zona ekonomi eksklusif: 200 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mil_laut" title="Mil laut">mil laut</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-33"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-33">[34]</a></sup> searah penjuru mata angin, yaitu:<br />
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utara" title="Utara">Utara</a></td>
<td>Negara <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> dengan perbatasan sepanjang 1.782 km<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Indonesia_Regions_32-1"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-Indonesia_Regions-32">[33]</a></sup>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapura" title="Singapura">Singapura</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipina" title="Filipina">Filipina</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Cina_Selatan" title="Laut Cina Selatan">Laut Cina Selatan</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selatan" title="Selatan">Selatan</a></td>
<td>Negara <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor_Leste" title="Timor Leste">Timor Leste</a>, dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samudra_Indonesia" title="Samudra Indonesia">Samudra Indonesia</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barat" title="Barat">Barat</a></td>
<td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samudra_Hindia" title="Samudra Hindia">Samudra Indonesia</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timur" title="Timur">Timur</a></td>
<td>Negara <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Nugini" title="Papua Nugini">Papua Nugini</a> dengan perbatasan sepanjang 820 km<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Indonesia_Regions_32-2"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-Indonesia_Regions-32">[33]</a></sup>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor_Leste" title="Timor Leste">Timor Leste</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samudra_Pasifik" title="Samudra Pasifik">Samudra Pasifik</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3>
<span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Sumber_daya_alam">Sumber daya alam</span></h3>
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumber_daya_alam" title="Sumber daya alam">Sumber daya alam</a> Indonesia berupa <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyak_bumi" title="Minyak bumi">minyak bumi</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timah" title="Timah">timah</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_alam" title="Gas alam">gas alam</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel">nikel</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayu" title="Kayu">kayu</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauksit" title="Bauksit">bauksit</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanah_subur" title="Tanah subur">tanah subur</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batu_bara" title="Batu bara">batu bara</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emas" title="Emas">emas</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">perak</a> dengan pembagian lahan terdiri dari tanah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertanian" title="Pertanian">pertanian</a> sebesar 10%, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perkebunan" title="Perkebunan">perkebunan</a> sebesar 7%, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padang_rumput" title="Padang rumput">padang rumput</a> sebesar 7%, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutan" title="Hutan">hutan</a> dan daerah berhutan sebesar 62%, dan lainnya sebesar 14% dengan lahan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irigasi" title="Irigasi">irigasi</a> seluas 45.970 km<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Indonesia:_environment_and_development_34-0"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-Indonesia:_environment_and_development-34">[35]</a></sup><br />
<h2>
<span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Pendidikan">Pendidikan</span></h2>
<div class="dablink noprint">
<img alt="!" height="20" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/20px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" width="20" />Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendidikan_di_Indonesia" title="Pendidikan di Indonesia">Pendidikan di Indonesia</a></div>
Sesuai dengan konstitusi yang berlaku, yaitu berdasarkan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undang-Undang_Dasar_Negara_Republik_Indonesia_Tahun_1945" title="Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945">UUD 1945</a> pasal 31 ayat 4 dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undang-undang" title="Undang-undang">Undang-undang</a>
nomor 20 tahun 2003 tentang sistem pendidikan nasional, bahwa
pemerintah Indonesia baik pusat maupun daerah mesti mengalokasikan
anggaran untuk pendidikan sebesar 20% dari <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/APBN" title="APBN">APBN</a> dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/APBD" title="APBD">APBD</a> diluar gaji pendidik dan biaya kedinasan. Namun pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a> alokasi yang disediakan tersebut baru sekitar 17.2 %, jauh lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan negara <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipina" title="Filipina">Filipina</a> yang telah mengalokasikan anggaran untuk pendidikan lebih dari 28 %<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-35"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-35">[36]</a></sup>.<br />
<h2>
<span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Ekonomi">Ekonomi</span></h2>
<div class="dablink noprint">
<img alt="!" height="20" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/20px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" width="20" />Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomi_Indonesia" title="Ekonomi Indonesia">Ekonomi Indonesia</a></div>
<div class="thumb tleft">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 452px;">
<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:PDRB_per_kapita_Indonesia_2008.svg&filetimestamp=20100421155159"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="170" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/0/09/PDRB_per_kapita_Indonesia_2008.svg/450px-PDRB_per_kapita_Indonesia_2008.svg.png" width="450" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:PDRB_per_kapita_Indonesia_2008.svg&filetimestamp=20100421155159" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
Peta yang menunjukkan Produk Domestik Regional Bruto per kapita
provinsi-provinsi Indonesia pada tahun 2008 atas harga berlaku. PDRB per
kapita provinsi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimantan_Timur" title="Kalimantan Timur">Kalimantan Timur</a> mencapai Rp.100 juta manakala PDRB per kapita <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maluku" title="Maluku">Maluku</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maluku_Utara" title="Maluku Utara">Maluku Utara</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusa_Tenggara_Timur" title="Nusa Tenggara Timur">Nusa Tenggara Timur</a> kurang dari Rp.5 juta.
<table style="width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><span style="display: block; font-size: 90%; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #441650; border: none; color: #441650;">██</span> Lebih dari Rp.100 juta</span> <span style="display: block; font-size: 90%; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #006680; border: none; color: #006680;">██</span> Rp.50 juta ++ - Rp.100 juta</span> <span style="display: block; font-size: 90%; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #217867; border: none; color: #217867;">██</span> Rp.40 juta ++ - Rp.50 juta</span> <span style="display: block; font-size: 90%; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #2ca089; border: none; color: #2ca089;">██</span> Rp.30 juta ++ - Rp.40 juta</span></td>
<td valign="top"><span style="display: block; font-size: 90%; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #37c8ab; border: none; color: #37c8ab;">██</span> Rp.20 juta ++ - Rp.30 juta</span> <span style="display: block; font-size: 90%; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #aaeeff; border: none; color: #aaeeff;">██</span> Rp.10 juta ++ - Rp.20 juta</span> <span style="display: block; font-size: 90%; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #d7eef4; border: none; color: #d7eef4;">██</span> Rp.5 juta ++ - Rp.10 juta</span> <span style="display: block; font-size: 90%; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #dbdee3; border: none; color: #dbdee3;">██</span> Kurang dari Rp.5 juta</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Sistem ekonomi Indonesia awalnya didukung dengan diluncurkannya <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oeang_Repoeblik_Indonesia" title="Oeang Repoeblik Indonesia">Oeang Repoeblik Indonesia (ORI)</a> yang menjadi mata uang pertama Republik Indonesia, yang selanjutnya berganti menjadi Rupiah.<br />
Pada masa pemerintahan Orde Lama, Indonesia tidak seutuhnya
mengadaptasi sistem ekonomi kapitalis, namun juga memadukannya dengan
nasionalisme ekonomi. Pemerintah yang belum berpengalaman, masih ikut
campur tangan ke dalam beberapa kegiatan produksi yang berpengaruh bagi
masyarakat banyak. Hal tersebut, ditambah pula kemelut politik,
mengakibatkan terjadinya ketidakstabilan pada ekonomi negara.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-SCHWARZ_36-0"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-SCHWARZ-36">[37]</a></sup><br />
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<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Indonesian_Rupiah_%28IDR%29_banknotes2009.jpg&filetimestamp=20091224004459"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="177" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Indonesian_Rupiah_%28IDR%29_banknotes2009.jpg/200px-Indonesian_Rupiah_%28IDR%29_banknotes2009.jpg" width="200" /></a>
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<a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Indonesian_Rupiah_%28IDR%29_banknotes2009.jpg&filetimestamp=20091224004459" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
Uang <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupiah" title="Rupiah">rupiah</a>.</div>
</div>
</div>
Pemerintahaan Orde Baru segera menerapkan disiplin ekonomi yang bertujuan menekan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflasi" title="Inflasi">inflasi</a>, menstabilkan mata uang, penjadualan ulang <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutang_luar_negeri" title="Hutang luar negeri">hutang luar negeri</a>, dan berusaha menarik bantuan dan investasi asing.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-SCHWARZ_36-1"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-SCHWARZ-36">[37]</a></sup> Pada era tahun 1970-an harga <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyak_bumi" title="Minyak bumi">minyak bumi</a>
yang meningkat menyebabkan melonjaknya nilai ekspor, dan memicu tingkat
pertumbuhan ekonomi rata-rata yang tinggi sebesar 7% antara tahun 1968
sampai 1981.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-SCHWARZ_36-2"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-SCHWARZ-36">[37]</a></sup>
Reformasi ekonomi lebih lanjut menjelang akhir tahun 1980-an, antara
lain berupa deregulasi sektor keuangan dan pelemahan nilai rupiah yang
terkendali,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-SCHWARZ_36-3"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-SCHWARZ-36">[37]</a></sup>
selanjutnya mengalirkan investasi asing ke Indonesia khususnya pada
industri-industri berorientasi ekspor pada antara tahun 1989 sampai 1997<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-37"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-37">[38]</a></sup> Ekonomi Indonesia mengalami kemunduran pada akhir tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990-an" title="1990-an">1990-an</a> akibat <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krisis_finansial_Asia" title="Krisis finansial Asia">krisis ekonomi</a> yang melanda sebagian besar <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> pada saat itu,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-38"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-38">[39]</a></sup> yang disertai pula berakhirnya masa Orde Baru dengan pengunduran diri Presiden Soeharto tanggal 21 Mei 1998.<br />
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<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Bank_Indonesia_headquarters.jpg&filetimestamp=20070822112153"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="212" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Bank_Indonesia_headquarters.jpg/150px-Bank_Indonesia_headquarters.jpg" width="150" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Bank_Indonesia_headquarters.jpg&filetimestamp=20070822112153" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
Gedung pusat <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_Indonesia" title="Bank Indonesia">Bank Indonesia</a>.</div>
</div>
</div>
Saat ini ekonomi Indonesia telah cukup stabil. Pertumbuhan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDB" title="PDB">PDB Indonesia</a> tahun 2004 dan 2005 melebihi 5% dan diperkirakan akan terus berlanjut.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-39"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-39">[40]</a></sup> Namun demikian, dampak pertumbuhan itu belum cukup besar dalam memengaruhi tingkat pengangguran, yaitu sebesar 9,75%.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-40"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-40">[41]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-41"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-41">[42]</a></sup> Perkiraan tahun 2006, sebanyak 17,8% masyarakat hidup di bawah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garis_kemiskinan" title="Garis kemiskinan">garis kemiskinan</a>, dan terdapat 49,0% masyarakat yang hidup dengan penghasilan kurang dari AS$ 2 per hari.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-42"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-42">[43]</a></sup><br />
Indonesia mempunyai <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumber_daya_alam" title="Sumber daya alam">sumber daya alam</a> yang besar di luar <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa" title="Jawa">Jawa</a>, termasuk <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyak_mentah" title="Minyak mentah">minyak mentah</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_alam" title="Gas alam">gas alam</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timah" title="Timah">timah</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">tembaga</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emas" title="Emas">emas</a>. Indonesia pengekspor gas alam terbesar kedua di dunia, meski akhir-akhir ini ia telah mulai menjadi pengimpor bersih <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyak_mentah" title="Minyak mentah">minyak mentah</a>. Hasil pertanian yang utama termasuk <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beras" title="Beras">beras</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teh" title="Teh">teh</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopi" title="Kopi">kopi</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rempah-rempah" title="Rempah-rempah">rempah-rempah</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karet" title="Karet">karet</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-indoCIA_43-0"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-indoCIA-43">[44]</a></sup> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasa" title="Jasa">Sektor jasa</a> adalah penyumbang terbesar PDB, yang mencapai 45,3% untuk PDB 2005. Sedangkan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industri" title="Industri">sektor industri</a> menyumbang 40,7%, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertanian" title="Pertanian">sektor pertanian</a> menyumbang 14,0%.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-44"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-44">[45]</a></sup>
Meskipun demikian, sektor pertanian mempekerjakan lebih banyak orang
daripada sektor-sektor lainnya, yaitu 44,3% dari 95 juta orang tenaga
kerja. Sektor jasa mempekerjakan 36,9%, dan sisanya sektor industri
sebesar 18,8%.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-45"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-45">[46]</a></sup><br />
Rekan perdagangan terbesar Indonesia adalah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang">Jepang</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a>, dan negara-negara jirannya yaitu <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapura" title="Singapura">Singapura</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>.<br />
Meski kaya akan sumber daya alam dan manusia, Indonesia masih
menghadapi masalah besar dalam bidang kemiskinan yang sebagian besar
disebabkan oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korupsi" title="Korupsi">korupsi</a> yang merajalela dalam pemerintahan. Lembaga <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International">Transparency International</a> menempatkan Indonesia sebagai peringkat ke-143 dari 180 negara dalam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indeks_Persepsi_Korupsi" title="Indeks Persepsi Korupsi">Indeks Persepsi Korupsi</a>, yang dikeluarkannya pada tahun 2007.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-46"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-46">[47]</a></sup><br />
<br />
<h2>
<span class="editsection"></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Peringkat_internasional">Peringkat internasional</span></h2>
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Organisasi</th>
<th>Nama Survey</th>
<th>Peringkat</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heritage_Foundation" title="Heritage Foundation">Heritage Foundation</a>/<i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i></td>
<td><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_Economic_Freedom#Current_ratings" title="Index of Economic Freedom">Indeks Kebebasan Ekonomi</a></td>
<td>110 dari 157<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-47"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-47">[48]</a></sup></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i></td>
<td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indeks_Kualitas_Hidup" title="Indeks Kualitas Hidup">Indeks Kualitas Hidup</a></td>
<td>71 dari 111<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-48"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-48">[49]</a></sup></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders" title="Reporters Without Borders">Reporters Without Borders</a></td>
<td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders#Worldwide_press_freedom_index" title="Reporters Without Borders">Indeks Kebebasan Pers</a></td>
<td>103 dari 168<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-49"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-49">[50]</a></sup></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International">Transparency International</a></td>
<td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indeks_Persepsi_Korupsi" title="Indeks Persepsi Korupsi">Indeks Persepsi Korupsi</a></td>
<td>143 dari 179<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-50"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-50">[51]</a></sup></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a></td>
<td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_Indeks_Pembangunan_Manusia" title="Daftar negara menurut Indeks Pembangunan Manusia">Indeks Pembangunan Manusia</a></td>
<td>108 dari 177<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-51"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-51">[52]</a></sup></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forum_Ekonomi_Dunia" title="Forum Ekonomi Dunia">Forum Ekonomi Dunia</a></td>
<td><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laporan_Daya_Saing_Global" title="Laporan Daya Saing Global">Laporan Daya Saing Global</a></td>
<td>51 dari 122<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-52"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-52">[53]</a></sup></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2>
<span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Demografi">Demografi</span></h2>
<div class="dablink noprint">
<img alt="!" height="20" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/20px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" width="20" />Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demografi_Indonesia" title="Demografi Indonesia">Demografi Indonesia</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 252px;">
<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Kepadatan_2010.JPG&filetimestamp=20110320132040"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="129" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/5/54/Kepadatan_2010.JPG/250px-Kepadatan_2010.JPG" width="250" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Kepadatan_2010.JPG&filetimestamp=20110320132040" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
Kepadatan penduduk Indonesia menurut Sensus 2010</div>
</div>
</div>
Menurut sensus penduduk 2000, Indonesia memiliki populasi sekitar 206 juta,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bps2000_53-0"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-bps2000-53">[54]</a></sup> dan diperkirakan pada tahun 2006 berpenduduk 222 juta.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_7-1"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-autogenerated1-7">[8]</a></sup> 130 juta (lebih dari 50%) tinggal di <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Jawa" title="Pulau Jawa">Pulau Jawa</a> yang merupakan pulau berpenduduk terbanyak sekaligus pulau dimana ibukota <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a> berada.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-54"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-54">[55]</a></sup> Sebagian besar (95%) penduduk Indonesia adalah <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austronesia#Asal_usul_bangsa_Austronesia" title="Austronesia">Bangsa Austronesia</a>, dan terdapat juga kelompok-kelompok suku <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesia</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polinesia" title="Polinesia">Polinesia</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikronesia" title="Mikronesia">Mikronesia</a>
terutama di Indonesia bagian Timur. Banyak penduduk Indonesia yang
menyatakan dirinya sebagai bagian dari kelompok suku yang lebih
spesifik, yang dibagi menurut bahasa dan asal daerah, misalnya <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Jawa" title="Suku Jawa">Jawa</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Sunda" title="Suku Sunda">Sunda</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Madura" title="Suku Madura">Madura</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Batak" title="Suku Batak">Batak</a>, dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Minangkabau" title="Suku Minangkabau">Minangkabau</a>.<br />
Selain itu juga ada penduduk pendatang yang jumlahnya minoritas di antaranya adalah etnis <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa" title="Tionghoa">Tionghoa</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangsa_Arab" title="Bangsa Arab">Arab</a>.
Mereka sudah lama datang ke Nusantara melalui perdagangan sejak abad ke
8 M dan menetap menjadi bagian dari Nusantara. Di Indonesia terdapat
sekitar 4 juta populasi etnis Tionghoa.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-eiu_55-0"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-eiu-55">[56]</a></sup>
Angka ini berbeda-beda karena hanya pada tahun 1930 dan 2000 pemerintah
melakukan sensus dengan menggolong-golongkan masyarakat Indonesia ke
dalam suku bangsa dan keturunannya.<br />
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> adalah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agama" title="Agama">agama</a>
mayoritas yang dipeluk oleh sekitar 85,2% penduduk Indonesia, yang
menjadikan Indonesia negara dengan penduduk muslim terbanyak di dunia.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-indoCIA_43-1"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-indoCIA-43">[44]</a></sup> Sisanya beragama <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestan" title="Protestan">Protestan</a> (8,9%), <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katolik" title="Katolik">Katolik</a> (3%), <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> (1,8%), <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddha" title="Buddha">Buddha</a> (0,8%), dan lain-lain (0,3%). Selain agama-agama tersebut, pemerintah Indonesia juga secara resmi mengakui <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agama_Konghucu" title="Agama Konghucu">Konghucu</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Yang_56-0"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-Yang-56">[57]</a></sup><br />
Kebanyakan penduduk Indonesia bertutur dalam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_daerah" title="Bahasa daerah">bahasa daerah</a> sebagai <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_ibu" title="Bahasa ibu">bahasa ibu</a>, namun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_resmi" title="Bahasa resmi">bahasa resmi</a> negara, yaitu <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Indonesia" title="Bahasa Indonesia">bahasa Indonesia</a>, diajarkan di seluruh sekolah-sekolah di negara ini dan dikuasai oleh hampir seluruh penduduk Indonesia.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" class="toccolours" style="clear: right; margin: 1 1 1em 1em; text-align: center;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th align="left" colspan="1" style="background: #CCCCFF; padding-right: 10px;"> <span class="noprint plainlinks navbar" style="background: none; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; padding: 0;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templat:Kota_besar_di_Indonesia" title="Templat:Kota besar di Indonesia"><span title="Lihat templat ini">l</span></a> <span style="font-size: 80%;">•</span> <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Kota_besar_di_Indonesia&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Kota besar di Indonesia (halaman belum tersedia)"><span title="Bicarakan templat ini">b</span></a> <span style="font-size: 80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Kota_besar_di_Indonesia&action=edit"><span title="Sunting templat ini">s</span></a></span> </th>
<th align="left" colspan="8" style="background: #CCCCFF; font-size: 100%; padding-left: 10px;">
<center><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_kota_di_Indonesia_menurut_jumlah_penduduk" title="Daftar kota di Indonesia menurut jumlah penduduk">Kota-kota besar</a> di <strong class="selflink">Indonesia</strong></center>
</th>
</tr>
<tr style="font-size: 95%;">
<th style="background: white; border-bottom: 1px solid gray; text-align: left;" width="2%"> </th>
<th style="background: white; border-bottom: 1px solid gray; text-align: left;" width="16%">Kota</th>
<th style="background: white; border-bottom: 1px solid gray; text-align: left;" width="16%">Provinsi</th>
<th style="background: white; border-bottom: 1px solid gray; text-align: center;" width="10%">Populasi</th>
<th style="background: white; text-align: left;" width="15%"> </th>
<th style="background: white; border-bottom: 1px solid gray; text-align: left;" width="2%"> </th>
<th style="background: white; border-bottom: 1px solid gray; text-align: left;" width="16%">Kota</th>
<th style="background: white; border-bottom: 1px solid gray; text-align: left;" width="16%">Provinsi</th>
<th style="background: white; border-bottom: 1px solid gray; text-align: center;" width="10%">Populasi</th>
</tr>
<tr style="font-size: 95%;">
<td style="background: #f0f0f0; border: 1px solid white;">1</td>
<td align="left" style="padding-left: 5px;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daerah_Khusus_Ibukota_Jakarta" title="Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta">Jakarta</a></b></td>
<td align="left"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DKI_Jakarta" title="DKI Jakarta">DKI Jakarta</a></span></td>
<td>9.607.787</td>
<th align="center" rowspan="10" style="background: white; border-bottom: 1px solid gray; border-left: 1px solid gray; border-right: 1px solid gray; text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Jakarta_Skyline_%28Resize%29.jpg&filetimestamp=20081011005216" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" class="thumbborder" height="98" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Jakarta_Skyline_%28Resize%29.jpg/150px-Jakarta_Skyline_%28Resize%29.jpg" width="150" /></a><br />
<strong class="selflink">Indonesia</strong></th>
<td style="background: #f0f0f0; border: 1px solid white;">7</td>
<td align="left" style="padding-left: 5px;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Depok" title="Kota Depok">Depok</a></b></td>
<td align="left"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Barat" title="Jawa Barat">Jawa Barat</a></span></td>
<td>1.738.570</td>
</tr>
<tr style="font-size: 95%;">
<td style="background: #f0f0f0; border: 1px solid white;">2</td>
<td align="left" style="padding-left: 5px;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Surabaya" title="Kota Surabaya">Surabaya</a></b></td>
<td align="left"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Timur" title="Jawa Timur">Jawa Timur</a></span></td>
<td>2.765.487</td>
<td style="background: #f0f0f0; border: 1px solid white;">8</td>
<td align="left" style="padding-left: 5px;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Semarang" title="Kota Semarang">Semarang</a></b></td>
<td align="left"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Tengah" title="Jawa Tengah">Jawa Tengah</a></span></td>
<td>1.555.984</td>
</tr>
<tr style="font-size: 95%;">
<td style="background: #f0f0f0; border: 1px solid white;">3</td>
<td align="left" style="padding-left: 5px;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Bandung" title="Kota Bandung">Bandung</a></b></td>
<td align="left"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Barat" title="Jawa Barat">Jawa Barat</a></span></td>
<td>2.394.873</td>
<td style="background: #f0f0f0; border: 1px solid white;">9</td>
<td align="left" style="padding-left: 5px;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Palembang" title="Kota Palembang">Palembang</a></b></td>
<td align="left"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera_Selatan" title="Sumatera Selatan">Sumatera Selatan</a></span></td>
<td>1.455.284</td>
</tr>
<tr style="font-size: 95%;">
<td style="background: #f0f0f0; border: 1px solid white;">4</td>
<td align="left" style="padding-left: 5px;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Bekasi" title="Kota Bekasi">Bekasi</a></b></td>
<td align="left"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Barat" title="Jawa Barat">Jawa Barat</a></span></td>
<td>2.334.871</td>
<td style="background: #f0f0f0; border: 1px solid white;">10</td>
<td align="left" style="padding-left: 5px;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Makassar" title="Kota Makassar">Makassar</a></b></td>
<td align="left"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi_Selatan" title="Sulawesi Selatan">Sulawesi Selatan</a></span></td>
<td>1.338.663</td>
</tr>
<tr style="font-size: 95%;">
<td style="background: #f0f0f0; border: 1px solid white;">5</td>
<td align="left" style="padding-left: 5px;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Medan" title="Kota Medan">Medan</a></b></td>
<td align="left"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera_Utara" title="Sumatera Utara">Sumatera Utara</a></span></td>
<td>2.097.610</td>
<td style="background: #f0f0f0; border: 1px solid white;">11</td>
<td align="left" style="padding-left: 5px;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Tangerang_Selatan" title="Kota Tangerang Selatan">Tangerang Selatan</a></b></td>
<td align="left"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banten" title="Banten">Banten</a></span></td>
<td>1.290.322</td>
</tr>
<tr style="font-size: 95%;">
<td style="background: #f0f0f0; border: 1px solid white;">6</td>
<td align="left" style="padding-left: 5px;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Tangerang" title="Kota Tangerang">Tangerang</a></b></td>
<td align="left"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banten" title="Banten">Banten</a></span></td>
<td>1.798.601</td>
<td style="background: #f0f0f0; border: 1px solid white;">12</td>
<td align="left" style="padding-left: 5px;"><b><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Bogor" title="Kota Bogor">Bogor</a></b></td>
<td align="left"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa_Barat" title="Jawa Barat">Jawa Barat</a></span></td>
<td>950.334</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2>
<span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Kebudayaan">Kebudayaan</span></h2>
<div class="dablink noprint">
Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budaya_Indonesia" title="Budaya Indonesia">Budaya Indonesia</a></div>
<h3>
<span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Pertunjukan">Pertunjukan</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 252px;">
<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:WayangKulit_Scene_Zoom.JPG&filetimestamp=20070918142253"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="250" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/WayangKulit_Scene_Zoom.JPG/250px-WayangKulit_Scene_Zoom.JPG" width="250" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:WayangKulit_Scene_Zoom.JPG&filetimestamp=20070918142253" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang" title="Wayang">Wayang kulit</a> warisan budaya Jawa.</div>
</div>
</div>
Indonesia memiliki sekitar 300 kelompok etnis, tiap etnis memiliki
warisan budaya yang berkembang selama berabad-abad, dipengaruhi oleh
kebudayaan India, Arab, Cina, Eropa, dan termasuk kebudayaan sendiri
yaitu <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melayu" title="Melayu">Melayu</a>. Contohnya tarian <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawa" title="Jawa">Jawa</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a> tradisional memiliki aspek budaya dan mitologi Hindu, seperti <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayang" title="Wayang">wayang kulit</a> yang menampilkan kisah-kisah tentang kejadian mitologis Hindu <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baratayuda" title="Baratayuda">Baratayuda</a>. Banyak juga seni tari yang berisikan nilai-nilai <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. Beberapa di antaranya dapat ditemukan di daerah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera" title="Sumatera">Sumatera</a> seperti tari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tari_Rat%C3%A9b_Meuseukat" title="Tari Ratéb Meuseukat">Ratéb Meuseukat</a> dan tari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tari_Seudati" title="Tari Seudati">Seudati</a> dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aceh" title="Aceh">Aceh</a>.<br />
Seni <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantun" title="Pantun">pantun</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurindam" title="Gurindam">gurindam</a>,
dan sebagainya dari pelbagai daerah seperti pantun Melayu, dan
pantun-pantun lainnya acapkali dipergunakan dalam acara-acara tertentu
yaitu <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perhelatan" title="Perhelatan">perhelatan</a>, pentas seni, dan lain-lain.<br />
<h3>
<span class="editsection"></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Busana">Busana</span></h3>
<div class="dablink noprint">
<img alt="!" height="20" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/20px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" width="20" />Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_busana_daerah_Indonesia" title="Daftar busana daerah Indonesia">Daftar busana daerah Indonesia</a></div>
<div class="thumb tleft">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 152px;">
<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Aesan_Gede_Songket_Palembang.jpg&filetimestamp=20091008164845"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="313" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Aesan_Gede_Songket_Palembang.jpg/150px-Aesan_Gede_Songket_Palembang.jpg" width="150" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Aesan_Gede_Songket_Palembang.jpg&filetimestamp=20091008164845" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
Seorang gadis <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palembang" title="Palembang">Palembang</a> tengah mengenakan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Songket" title="Songket">Songket</a>, salah satu busana tradisional Indonesia.</div>
</div>
</div>
Di bidang busana warisan budaya yang terkenal di seluruh dunia adalah kerajinan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batik" title="Batik">batik</a>. Beberapa daerah yang terkenal akan industri batik meliputi <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogyakarta" title="Yogyakarta">Yogyakarta</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Surakarta" title="Kota Surakarta">Surakarta</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirebon" title="Cirebon">Cirebon</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandeglang" title="Pandeglang">Pandeglang</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garut" title="Garut">Garut</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten_Tasikmalaya" title="Kabupaten Tasikmalaya">Tasikmalaya</a> dan juga <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten_Pekalongan" title="Kabupaten Pekalongan">Pekalongan</a>. Kerajinan batik ini pun diklaim oleh negara lain dengan industri batiknya.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-57"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-57">[58]</a></sup> Busana asli Indonesia dari <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabang" title="Sabang">Sabang</a> sampai <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merauke" title="Merauke">Merauke</a> lainnya dapat dikenali dari ciri-cirinya yang dikenakan di setiap daerah antara lain <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baju_kurung" title="Baju kurung">baju kurung</a> dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Songket" title="Songket">songketnya</a> dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatera_Barat" title="Sumatera Barat">Sumatera Barat</a> (<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minangkabau" title="Minangkabau">Minangkabau</a>), kain <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulos" title="Ulos">ulos</a> dari <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra_Utara" title="Sumatra Utara">Sumatra Utara</a> (<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batak" title="Batak">Batak</a>), busana <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebaya" title="Kebaya">kebaya</a>, busana khas <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Dayak" title="Suku Dayak">Dayak</a> di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimantan" title="Kalimantan">Kalimantan</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baju_bodo" title="Baju bodo">baju bodo</a> dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi_Selatan" title="Sulawesi Selatan">Sulawesi Selatan</a>, busana ber<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koteka" title="Koteka">koteka</a> dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua" title="Papua">Papua</a> dan sebagainya.<br />
<h3>
<span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Arsitektur">Arsitektur</span></h3>
<div class="dablink noprint">
<img alt="!" height="20" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/20px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" width="20" />Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsitektur_Indonesia" title="Arsitektur Indonesia">Arsitektur Indonesia</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 152px;">
<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Hindu_Temple_in_Java_,_Indonesia.jpg&filetimestamp=20060827021009"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="199" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Hindu_Temple_in_Java_%2C_Indonesia.jpg/150px-Hindu_Temple_in_Java_%2C_Indonesia.jpg" width="150" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Hindu_Temple_in_Java_,_Indonesia.jpg&filetimestamp=20060827021009" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
Lukisan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candi_Prambanan" title="Candi Prambanan">Candi Prambanan</a> yang berasal dari masa pemerintahan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffles" title="Raffles">Raffles</a>.</div>
</div>
</div>
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsitektur_Indonesia" title="Arsitektur Indonesia">Arsitektur Indonesia</a> mencerminkan keanekaragaman <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budaya_Indonesia" title="Budaya Indonesia">budaya</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah_Indonesia" title="Sejarah Indonesia">sejarah</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografi_Indonesia" title="Geografi Indonesia">geografi</a>
yang membentuk Indonesia seutuhnya. Kaum penyerang, penjajah, penyebar
agama, pedagang, dan saudagar membawa perubahan budaya dengan memberi
dampak pada gaya dan teknik bangunan. Tradisionalnya, pengaruh
arsitektur asing yang paling kuat adalah dari India. Tetapi, Cina, Arab,
dan sejak abad ke-19 pengaruh Eropa menjadi cukup dominan.<br />
Ciri khas arsitektur Indonesia kuno masih dapat dilihat melalui
rumah-rumah adat dan/atau istana-istana kerajaan dari tiap-tiap
provinsi. <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taman_Mini_Indonesia_Indah" title="Taman Mini Indonesia Indah">Taman Mini Indonesia Indah</a>,
salah satu objek wisata di Jakarta yang menjadi miniatur Indonesia,
menampilkan keanekaragaman arsitektur Indonesia itu. Beberapa bangunan
khas Indonesia misalnya <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumah_Gadang" title="Rumah Gadang">Rumah Gadang</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monumen_Nasional" title="Monumen Nasional">Monumen Nasional</a>, dan Bangunan Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_Teknologi_Bandung" title="Institut Teknologi Bandung">Institut Teknologi Bandung</a>.<br />
<h3>
<span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Olahraga">Olahraga</span></h3>
<div class="dablink noprint">
<img alt="!" height="20" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/20px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" width="20" />Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olahraga_Indonesia" title="Olahraga Indonesia">Olahraga Indonesia</a></div>
<div class="thumb tleft">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 152px;">
<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Badminton_Beijing_2008_Lu_Lan_vs_Yulianti.jpg&filetimestamp=20090303181931"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="221" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Badminton_Beijing_2008_Lu_Lan_vs_Yulianti.jpg/150px-Badminton_Beijing_2008_Lu_Lan_vs_Yulianti.jpg" width="150" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Badminton_Beijing_2008_Lu_Lan_vs_Yulianti.jpg&filetimestamp=20090303181931" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Kristin_Yulianti" title="Maria Kristin Yulianti">Maria Kristin Yulianti</a> (merah), peraih <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medali" title="Medali">medali</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perunggu" title="Perunggu">perunggu</a> pada <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiade_Beijing_2008" title="Olimpiade Beijing 2008">Olimpiade Beijing 2008</a>.</div>
</div>
</div>
Olahraga yang paling populer di Indonesia adalah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulu_tangkis" title="Bulu tangkis">bulu tangkis</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepak_bola" title="Sepak bola">sepak bola</a>; <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga_Super_Indonesia" title="Liga Super Indonesia">Liga Super Indonesia</a> adalah liga klub sepak bola utama di Indonesia. Olahraga tradisional termasuk <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepak_takraw" title="Sepak takraw">sepak takraw</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karapan_sapi" title="Karapan sapi">karapan sapi</a> di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Madura" title="Pulau Madura">Madura</a>. Di wilayah dengan sejarah perang antar suku, kontes pertarungan diadakan, seperti <i>caci</i> di <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flores" title="Flores">Flores</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasola" title="Pasola">pasola</a> di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumba" title="Sumba">Sumba</a>. <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pencak_silat" title="Pencak silat">Pencak silat</a>
adalah seni bela diri yang unik yang berasal dari wilayah Indonesia.
Seni bela diri ini kadang-kadang ditampilkan pada acara-acara
pertunjukkan yang biasanya diikuti dengan musik tradisional Indonesia
berupa <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamelan" title="Gamelan">gamelan</a>
dan seni musik tradisional lainnya sesuai dengan daerah asalnya.
Olahraga di Indonesia biasanya berorientasi pada pria dan olahraga
spektator sering berhubungan dengan judi yang ilegal di Indonesia.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-58"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-58">[59]</a></sup><br />
Di ajang kompetisi multi cabang, prestasi atlet-atlet Indonesia tidak
terlalu mengesankan. Di Olimpiade, prestasi terbaik Indonesia diraih
pada saat <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiade_1992" title="Olimpiade 1992">Olimpiade 1992</a>,
dimana Indonesia menduduki peringkat 24 dengan meraih 2 emas 2 perak
dan 1 perunggu. Pada era 1960 hingga 2000, Indonesia merajai bulu
tangkis. Atlet-atlet putra Indonesia seperti <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudi_Hartono" title="Rudi Hartono">Rudi Hartono</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liem_Swie_King" title="Liem Swie King">Liem Swie King</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icuk_Sugiarto" title="Icuk Sugiarto">Icuk Sugiarto</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Budikusuma" title="Alan Budikusuma">Alan Budikusuma</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricky_Subagja" title="Ricky Subagja">Ricky Subagja</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rexy_Mainaky" title="Rexy Mainaky">Rexy Mainaky</a> merajai kejuaraan-kejuaraan dunia. Rudi Hartono yang dianggap sebagai maestro bulu tangkis dunia, menjadi juara <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_England" title="All England">All England</a> terbanyak sepanjang sejarah. Selain <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulu_tangkis" title="Bulu tangkis">bulu tangkis</a>, atlet-atlet tinju Indonesia juga mampu meraih gelar juara dunia, seperti <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elyas_Pical" title="Elyas Pical">Elyas Pical</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nico_Thomas" title="Nico Thomas">Nico Thomas</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-59"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-59">[60]</a></sup>, dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_John_%28petinju%29" title="Chris John (petinju)">Chris John</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-60"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-60">[61]</a></sup><br />
<h3>
<span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Seni_musik">Seni musik</span></h3>
<div class="dablink noprint">
Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musik_Indonesia" title="Musik Indonesia">Musik Indonesia</a></div>
Seni musik di Indonesia, baik tradisional maupun modern sangat banyak terbentang dari <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabang" title="Sabang">Sabang</a> hingga <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merauke" title="Merauke">Merauke</a>. Setiap provinsi di Indonesia memiliki <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musik_tradisional" title="Musik tradisional">musik tradisional</a> dengan ciri khasnya tersendiri. Musik tradisional termasuk juga <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keroncong" title="Keroncong">keroncong</a> yang berasal dari keturunan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugis" title="Portugis">Portugis</a> di daerah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampung_Tugu" title="Kampung Tugu">Tugu</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-61"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-61">[62]</a></sup>
yang dikenal oleh semua rakyat Indonesia bahkan hingga ke mancanegara.
Ada juga musik yang merakyat di Indonesia yang dikenal dengan nama <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangdut" title="Dangdut">dangdut</a>
yaitu musik beraliran Melayu modern yang dipengaruhi oleh musik India
sehingga musik dangdut ini sangat berbeda dengan musik tradisional
Melayu yang sebenarnya, seperti musik Melayu Deli, Melayu Riau, dan
sebagainya.<br />
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<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Traditional_indonesian_instruments02.jpg&filetimestamp=20051204041301"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="167" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Traditional_indonesian_instruments02.jpg/250px-Traditional_indonesian_instruments02.jpg" width="250" /></a>
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<a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Traditional_indonesian_instruments02.jpg&filetimestamp=20051204041301" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamelan" title="Gamelan">Seperangkat gamelan</a></div>
</div>
</div>
Alat musik tradisional yang merupakan alat musik khas Indonesia
memiliki banyak ragam dari pelbagai daerah di Indonesia, namun banyak
pula dari alat musik tradisional Indonesia 'dicuri' oleh negara lain<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-62"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-62">[63]</a></sup> untuk kepentingan penambahan budaya dan seni musiknya sendiri dengan mematenkan hak cipta seni budaya dari Indonesia. <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_alat_musik_Indonesia" title="Daftar alat musik Indonesia">Alat musik tradisional Indonesia</a> antara lain meliputi:<br />
<table class="" style="background-color: transparent;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="25%">
<ul>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angklung" title="Angklung">Angklung</a></li>
<li>Bende</li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calung" title="Calung">Calung</a></li>
<li>Dermenan</li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamelan" title="Gamelan">Gamelan</a></li>
<li>Gandang Tabuik</li>
<li>Gendang Bali</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="25%">
<ul>
<li>Gondang Batak</li>
<li>Gong Kemada</li>
<li>Gong Lambus</li>
<li>Jidor</li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tembang_Cianjuran" title="Tembang Cianjuran">Kecapi Suling</a></li>
<li>Kulcapi Batak</li>
<li>Kendang Jawa</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="25%">
<ul>
<li>Kenong</li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulintang" title="Kulintang">Kulintang</a></li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebab" title="Rebab">Rebab</a></li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebana" title="Rebana">Rebana</a></li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saluang" title="Saluang">Saluang</a></li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saron" title="Saron">Saron</a></li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasando" title="Sasando">Sasando</a></li>
</ul>
</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="25%">
<ul>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serunai" title="Serunai">Serunai</a></li>
<li>Seurune Kale</li>
<li>Suling Lembang</li>
<li>Sulim Batak</li>
<li>Suling Sunda</li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talempong" title="Talempong">Talempong</a></li>
<li>Tanggetong</li>
<li>Tifa, dan sebagainya</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3>
<span class="editsection"></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Boga">Boga</span></h3>
<div class="dablink noprint">
Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masakan_Indonesia" title="Masakan Indonesia">Masakan Indonesia</a></div>
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<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:SOTO_FOOD.jpg&filetimestamp=20061212123527"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="188" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/SOTO_FOOD.jpg/250px-SOTO_FOOD.jpg" width="250" /></a>
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<a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:SOTO_FOOD.jpg&filetimestamp=20061212123527" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
Beberapa <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masakan_Indonesia" title="Masakan Indonesia">makanan Indonesia</a>: <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soto" title="Soto">soto</a> ayam, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sate" title="Sate">sate</a> kerang, telor pindang, perkedel dan es teh manis.</div>
</div>
</div>
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masakan_Indonesia" title="Masakan Indonesia">Masakan Indonesia</a> bervariasi bergantung pada wilayahnya.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-63"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-63">[64]</a></sup> Nasi adalah makanan pokok dan dihidangkan dengan lauk daging dan sayur. Bumbu (terutama <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabai" title="Cabai">cabai</a>), <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santan" title="Santan">santan</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikan" title="Ikan">ikan</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayam" title="Ayam">ayam</a> adalah bahan yang penting.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-64"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-64">[65]</a></sup><br />
Sepanjang sejarah, Indonesia telah menjadi tempat perdagangan antara
dua benua. Ini menyebabkan terbawanya banyak bumbu, bahan makanan dan
teknik memasak dari bangsa <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melayu" title="Melayu">Melayu</a> sendiri, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timur_tengah" title="Timur tengah">Timur tengah</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa" title="Tionghoa">Tionghoa</a>, dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eropa" title="Eropa">Eropa</a>.
Semua ini bercampur dengan ciri khas makanan Indonesia tradisional,
menghasilkan banyak keanekaragaman yang tidak ditemukan di daerah lain.
Bahkan bangsa <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanyol" title="Spanyol">Spanyol</a> dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugis" title="Portugis">Portugis</a>, telah mendahului bangsa <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belanda" title="Belanda">Belanda</a> dengan membawa banyak produk dari dunia baru ke Indonesia.<br />
Penganan kecil semisal kue-kue banyak dijual di pasar tradisional.
Kue-kue tersebut biasanya berbahan dasar beras, ketan, ubi kayu, ubi
jalar, terigu, atau sagu. Nasi rames yang berisi nasi beserta lauk atau
sayur pilihan dijual di tempat-tempat umum, seperti stasiun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kereta_api" title="Kereta api">kereta api</a>, pasar, dan terminal bus. Di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daerah_Istimewa_Yogyakarta" title="Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta">Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta</a>
dan sekitarnya dikenal nasi kucing sebagai nasi rames yang berukuran
sangat minimalis dengan harga murah, nasi kucing sering dijual di atas
angkringan, sejenis warung kaki lima.<br />
Terdapat pula aneka makanan yang dijual oleh para pedagang keliling
menggunakan gerobak atau tanggungan. Pedagang keliling ini menyajikan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mie_ayam" title="Mie ayam">mie ayam</a>, mi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakso" title="Bakso">bakso</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soto" title="Soto">soto</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siomay" title="Siomay">siomay</a>, roti burger, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasi_goreng" title="Nasi goreng">nasi goreng</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasi_uduk" title="Nasi uduk">nasi uduk</a>, dan lain-lain.<br />
<h3>
<span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Perfilman">Perfilman</span></h3>
<div class="dablink noprint">
<img alt="!" height="20" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/20px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" width="20" />Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfilman_Indonesia" title="Perfilman Indonesia">Perfilman Indonesia</a></div>
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<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Tjoet_Nja%27_Dhien.jpg&filetimestamp=20060818165041"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="215" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/e/ed/Tjoet_Nja%27_Dhien.jpg/150px-Tjoet_Nja%27_Dhien.jpg" width="150" /></a>
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<a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Tjoet_Nja%27_Dhien.jpg&filetimestamp=20060818165041" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
Poster film <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjoet_Nja%27_Dhien_%28film%29" title="Tjoet Nja' Dhien (film)">Tjoet Nja' Dhien</a></i> (1988), film tentang pahlawan nasional Indonesia asal <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aceh" title="Aceh">Aceh</a>.</div>
</div>
</div>
Film pertama yang diproduksi pertama kalinya di nusantara adalah film bisu tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1926" title="1926">1926</a> yang berjudul <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loetoeng_Kasaroeng" title="Loetoeng Kasaroeng">Loetoeng Kasaroeng</a></i> dan dibuat oleh sutradara <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belanda" title="Belanda">Belanda</a> G. Kruger dan L. Heuveldorp pada zaman <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindia_Belanda" title="Hindia Belanda">Hindia Belanda</a>. Film ini dibuat dengan aktor lokal oleh Perusahaan Film Jawa NV di <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung">Bandung</a> dan muncul pertama kalinya pada tanggal <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/31_Desember" title="31 Desember">31 Desember</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1926" title="1926">1926</a> di teater Elite and Majestic, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung">Bandung</a>.
Setelah itu, lebih dari 2.200 film diproduksi. Di masa awal
kemerdekaan, sineas-sineas Indonesia belum banyak bermunculan. Di antara
sineas yang ada, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usmar_Ismail" title="Usmar Ismail">Usmar Ismail</a> merupakan salah satu sutradara paling produktif, dengan film pertamanya <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harta_Karun_%28film%29" title="Harta Karun (film)">Harta Karun</a></i>
(1949). Namun kemudian film pertama yang secara resmi diakui sebagai
film pertama Indonesia sebagai negara berkedaulatan adalah film <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darah_dan_Doa" title="Darah dan Doa">Darah dan Doa</a></i> (1950) yang disutradarai Usmar Ismail. Dekade 1970 hingga 2000-an, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizal" title="Arizal">Arizal</a>
muncul sebagai sutradara film paling produktif. Tak kurang dari 52 buah
film dan 8 judul sinetron dengan 1.196 episode telah dihasilkannya.<br />
Popularitas <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfilman_Indonesia" title="Perfilman Indonesia">industri film Indonesia</a> memuncak pada tahun 1980-an dan mendominasi bioskop di Indonesia,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-kompasmovies_65-0"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-kompasmovies-65">[66]</a></sup>
meskipun kepopulerannya berkurang pada awal tahun 1990-an. Antara tahun
2000 hingga 2005, jumlah film Indonesia yang dirilis setiap tahun
meningkat.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-kompasmovies_65-1"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-kompasmovies-65">[66]</a></sup> Film <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laskar_Pelangi" title="Laskar Pelangi">Laskar Pelangi</a> (2008) yang diangkat dari novel karya <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_Hirata" title="Andrea Hirata">Andrea Hirata</a> menjadi film dengan pendapatan tertinggi sepanjang sejarah perfilman Indonesia saat ini.<br />
<h3>
<span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Kesusastraan">Kesusastraan</span></h3>
<div class="dablink noprint">
<img alt="!" height="20" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/20px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" width="20" />Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sastra_Indonesia" title="Sastra Indonesia">Sastra Indonesia</a></div>
Bukti tulisan tertua di Indonesia adalah berbagai prasasti berbahasa <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskerta" title="Sanskerta">Sanskerta</a> pada abad ke-5 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masehi" title="Masehi">Masehi</a>. Figur penting dalam sastra modern Indonesia termasuk: pengarang Belanda <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multatuli" title="Multatuli">Multatuli</a> yang mengkritik perlakuan Belanda terhadap Indonesia selama zaman penjajahan Belanda; <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Yamin" title="Muhammad Yamin">Muhammad Yamin</a> dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamka" title="Hamka">Hamka</a> yang merupakan penulis dan politikus pra-kemerdekaan;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-66"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-66">[67]</a></sup> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pramoedya_Ananta_Toer" title="Pramoedya Ananta Toer">Pramoedya Ananta Toer</a>, pembuat novel Indonesia yang paling terkenal.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-67"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-67">[68]</a></sup> Selain novel, sastra tulis Indonesia juga berupa puisi, pantun, dan sajak. <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairil_Anwar" title="Chairil Anwar">Chairil Anwar</a> merupakan penulis puisi Indonesia yang paling ternama. Banyak orang Indonesia memiliki <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradisi_lisan" title="Tradisi lisan">tradisi lisan</a> yang kuat, yang membantu mendefinisikan dan memelihara identitas budaya mereka.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-UNESCO_Jakarta.2C_Indonesia_68-0"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-UNESCO_Jakarta.2C_Indonesia-68">[69]</a></sup> Kebebasan pers di Indonesia meningkat setelah berakhirnya kekuasaan Presiden <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soeharto" title="Soeharto">Soeharto</a>. Stasiun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Televisi" title="Televisi">televisi</a> termasuk sepuluh stasiun televisi swasta nasional, dan jaringan daerah yang bersaing dengan stasiun televisi negeri <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/TVRI" title="TVRI">TVRI</a>. <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stasiun_radio" title="Stasiun radio">Stasiun radio</a>
swasta menyiarkan berita mereka dan program penyiaran asing. Dilaporkan
terdapat 20 juta pengguna internet di Indonesia pada tahun 2007.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-69"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-69">[70]</a></sup> Penggunaan internet terbatas pada minoritas populasi, diperkirakan sekitar 8.5%.<br />
<h2>
<span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Lingkungan_hidup">Lingkungan hidup</span></h2>
<div class="dablink noprint">
Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora_Indonesia" title="Flora Indonesia">Flora Indonesia</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna_Indonesia" title="Fauna Indonesia">Fauna Indonesia</a></div>
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<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Rafflesia_sumatra.jpg&filetimestamp=20070421214221"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="333" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Rafflesia_sumatra.jpg/250px-Rafflesia_sumatra.jpg" width="250" /></a>
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<a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Rafflesia_sumatra.jpg&filetimestamp=20070421214221" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafflesia_arnoldii" title="Rafflesia arnoldii">Rafflesia arnoldii</a> bunga terbesar di dunia, diameternya mencapai 1,3 meter.</div>
</div>
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<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Varanus_komodoensis6.jpg&filetimestamp=20060122213129"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="188" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Varanus_komodoensis6.jpg/250px-Varanus_komodoensis6.jpg" width="250" /></a>
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<a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Varanus_komodoensis6.jpg&filetimestamp=20060122213129" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komodo" title="Komodo">Komodo</a>, hewan reptil langka khas dari <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusa_Tenggara" title="Nusa Tenggara">Nusa Tenggara</a>.</div>
</div>
</div>
Wilayah Indonesia memiliki keanekaragaman makhluk hidup yang tinggi
sehingga oleh beberapa pihak wilayah ekologi Indonesia disebut dengan
istilah "<i>Mega biodiversity</i>" atau "keanekaragaman mahluk hidup yang tinggi"<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-70"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-70">[71]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-71"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-71">[72]</a></sup> umumnya dikenal sebagai <i>Indomalaya</i> atau <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malesia" title="Malesia">Malesia</a>
bedasarkan penelitian bahwa 10 persen tumbuhan, 12 persen mamalia, 16
persen reptil, 17 persen burung, 25 persen ikan yang ada di dunia hidup
di Indonesia, padahal luas Indonesia hanya 1,3 % dari luas Bumi.
Kekayaan makhluk hidup Indonesia menduduki peringkat ketiga setelah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Demokratik_Kongo" title="Republik Demokratik Kongo">Republik Demokratik Kongo</a>.<br />
Meskipun demikian, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a>
pada 2008 pernah mencatat rekor Indonesia sebagai negara yang paling
kencang laju kerusakan hutannya di dunia. Setiap tahun Indonesia
kehilangan hutan seluas 1,8 juta hektar. Kerusakan yang terjadi di
daerah hulu (hutan) juga turut merusak kawasan di daerah hilir
(pesisir). Menurut catatan <i>Down The Earth</i>, proyek <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Development_Bank" title="Asian Development Bank">Asian Development Bank</a>
(ADB) di sektor kelautan Indonesia telah memicu terjadinya alih fungsi
secara besar-besaran hutan bakau menjadi kawasan pertambakan. Padahal
hutan bakau, selain berfungsi melindungi pantai dari abrasi, merupakan
habitat yang baik bagi berbagai jenis ikan. Kehancuran hutan bakau
tersebut mengakibatkan nelayan harus mencari ikan dengan jarak semakin
jauh dan menambah biaya operasional mereka dalam mencari ikan. Selain
itu, hancurnya hutan bakau juga mengakibatkan semakin rentannya kawasan
pesisir Indonesia terhadap terjangan air pasang laut dan banjir,
terlebih di musim hujan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-74"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#cite_note-74">[</a></sup>Intan Andhikahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04468021386331397875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7306587035043214014.post-85891783253647629072011-11-21T04:37:00.001-08:002011-11-21T06:50:25.647-08:00Gunung Bromo<div id="content">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggvftDQaqLRrAy_wKjmq7JaQtaBGfnqfcbWirA3XVN0y2p_UjfuLhdrFitksU3oq9L84Vv0kGTtxC22aJKExVJlX7HOx2gOH8JlT_PCOO-bwy8mL_gI906kAj9Ogz5GfMJVC4ff6_pNPNo/s1600/images%255B9%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>
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<tr><th class="fn org" colspan="2" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">Gunung Bromo</th></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Mtbromo.jpg&filetimestamp=20050317113444"><img alt="" height="149" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mtbromo.jpg/280px-Mtbromo.jpg" width="280" /></a><br />
Gunung Bromo (latar depan, kawah besar) saat matahari terbit</td></tr>
<tr><th style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left; vertical-align: text-top; white-space: nowrap;"><a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Puncak_(topografi)&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Puncak (topografi) (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Ketinggian</span></a></th><td style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; vertical-align: text-top;">2.329 m (7.641 ft) <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-gvp_0-0"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-gvp-0"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-size: xx-small;">[1]</span></a></sup></td></tr>
<tr><th style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left; vertical-align: text-top; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Daftar_gunung" title="Daftar gunung"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Daftar</span></a></th><td class="category" style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; vertical-align: text-top;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Ribu" title="Ribu"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Ribu</span></a></td></tr>
<tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; text-align: center;">Lokasi</th></tr>
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<a class="image" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Indonesia_location_map.svg&filetimestamp=20100218125853" title="Gunung Bromo terletak di Indonesia"><img alt="Gunung Bromo terletak di Indonesia" height="104" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Indonesia_location_map.svg/272px-Indonesia_location_map.svg.png" width="272" /></a> <br />
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<span style="padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px;">Gunung Bromo</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Jawa" title="Jawa"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Jawa</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Indonesia</span></a></div>
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<tr><th style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left; vertical-align: text-top; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Sistem_koordinat_geografi" title="Sistem koordinat geografi"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Koordinat</span></a></th><td style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; vertical-align: text-top;"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="http://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?language=id&pagename=Gunung_Bromo&params=7_56_30_S_112_57_00_E_type:mountain_" rel="nofollow"><span style="color: #3366bb;"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Peta, foto udara, dan data lainnya untuk lokasi ini"><span class="latitude">7°56′30″S</span> <span class="longitude">112°57′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Peta, foto udara, dan data lainnya untuk lokasi ini">7.94167°LS 112.95°BT</span><span style="display: none;"> / <span class="geo">-7.94167; 112.95</span></span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span id="coordinates"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Sistem_koordinat_geografi" title="Sistem koordinat geografi"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Koordinat</span></a>: <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="http://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?language=id&pagename=Gunung_Bromo&params=7_56_30_S_112_57_00_E_type:mountain_" rel="nofollow"><span style="color: #3366bb;"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Peta, foto udara, dan data lainnya untuk lokasi ini"><span class="latitude">7°56′30″S</span> <span class="longitude">112°57′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Peta, foto udara, dan data lainnya untuk lokasi ini">7.94167°LS 112.95°BT</span><span style="display: none;"> / <span class="geo">-7.94167; 112.95</span></span></span></span></a></span></span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-gvp_0-1"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-gvp-0"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-size: xx-small;">[1]</span></a></sup></td></tr>
<tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; text-align: center;">Geologi</th></tr>
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<tr><th style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: left; vertical-align: text-top; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_berapi" title="Gunung berapi"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Letusan terakhir</span></a></th><td style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; vertical-align: text-top;">2010</td></tr>
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<b>Gunung Bromo</b> (dari <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Bahasa_Sansekerta" title="Bahasa Sansekerta"><span style="color: #0645ad;">bahasa Sansekerta</span></a>/<a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Bahasa_Jawa" title="Bahasa Jawa"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Jawa Kuna</span></a>: <i>Brahma</i>, salah seorang Dewa Utama <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Hindu" title="Hindu"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Hindu</span></a>), merupakan <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_berapi" title="Gunung berapi"><span style="color: #0645ad;">gunung berapi</span></a> yang masih aktif dan paling terkenal sebagai obyek wisata di <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Jawa_Timur" title="Jawa Timur"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Jawa Timur</span></a>. Sebagai sebuah <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Pariwisata" title="Pariwisata"><span style="color: #0645ad;">obyek wisata</span></a>, Gunung Bromo menjadi menarik karena statusnya sebagai gunung berapi yang masih aktif.<br />
Bromo mempunyai ketinggian 2.392 meter di atas permukaan laut itu berada dalam empat wilayah, yakni <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Probolinggo" title="Probolinggo"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Kabupaten Probolinggo</span></a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Pasuruan" title="Pasuruan"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Pasuruan</span></a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Lumajang" title="Lumajang"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Lumajang</span></a>, dan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Malang_kabupaten" title="Malang kabupaten"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Kabupaten Malang</span></a>. Bentuk tubuh Gunung Bromo bertautan antara lembah dan ngarai dengan kaldera atau lautan pasir seluas sekitar 10 kilometer persegi.<br />
Gunung Bromo mempunyai sebuah kawah dengan garis tengah ± 800 meter (utara-selatan) dan ± 600 meter (timur-barat). Sedangkan daerah bahayanya berupa lingkaran dengan jari-jari 4 km dari pusat kawah Bromo.<br />
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Daftar isi</h2>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#Sejarah_letusan"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Sejarah letusan</span></span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#Bromo_sebagai_gunung_suci"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Bromo sebagai gunung suci</span></span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#Catatan"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Catatan</span></span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#Galeri"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Galeri</span></span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#Lihat_pula"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Lihat pula</span></span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#Pranala_luar"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Pranala luar</span></span></a></li>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Sejarah_letusan">Sejarah letusan</span></h2>
Selama <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Abad_XX" title="Abad XX"><span style="color: #0645ad;">abad XX</span></a>, gunung yang terkenal sebagai tempat <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Wisata" title="Wisata"><span style="color: #0645ad;">wisata</span></a> itu meletus sebanyak tiga kali, dengan interval waktu yang teratur, yaitu 30 tahun. Letusan terbesar terjadi <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1974" title="1974"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1974</span></a>, sedangkan letusan terakhir terjadi pada <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/2010" title="2010"><span style="color: #0645ad;">2010</span></a>.<br />
Sejarah letusan Bromo: <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/2011" title="2011"><span style="color: #0645ad;">2011</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/2010" title="2010"><span style="color: #0645ad;">2010</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/2004" title="2004"><span style="color: #0645ad;">2004</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/2001" title="2001"><span style="color: #0645ad;">2001</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1995" title="1995"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1995</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1984" title="1984"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1984</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1983" title="1983"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1983</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1980" title="1980"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1980</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1972" title="1972"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1972</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1956" title="1956"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1956</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1955" title="1955"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1955</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1950" title="1950"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1950</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1948" title="1948"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1948</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1940" title="1940"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1940</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1939" title="1939"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1939</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1935" title="1935"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1935</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1930" title="1930"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1930</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1929" title="1929"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1929</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1928" title="1928"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1928</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1922" title="1922"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1922</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1921" title="1921"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1921</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1915" title="1915"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1915</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1916" title="1916"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1916</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1910" title="1910"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1910</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1909" title="1909"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1909</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1907" title="1907"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1907</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1908" title="1908"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1908</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1907" title="1907"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1907</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1906" title="1906"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1906</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1907" title="1907"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1907</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1896" title="1896"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1896</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1893" title="1893"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1893</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1890" title="1890"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1890</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1888" title="1888"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1888</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1886" title="1886"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1886</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1887" title="1887"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1887</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1886" title="1886"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1886</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1885" title="1885"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1885</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1886" title="1886"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1886</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1885" title="1885"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1885</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1877" title="1877"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1877</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1867" title="1867"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1867</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1868" title="1868"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1868</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1866" title="1866"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1866</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1865" title="1865"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1865</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1865" title="1865"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1865</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1860" title="1860"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1860</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1859" title="1859"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1859</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1858" title="1858"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1858</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1858" title="1858"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1858</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1857" title="1857"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1857</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1856" title="1856"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1856</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1844" title="1844"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1844</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1843" title="1843"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1843</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1843" title="1843"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1843</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1835" title="1835"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1835</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1830" title="1830"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1830</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1830" title="1830"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1830</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1829" title="1829"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1829</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1825" title="1825"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1825</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1822" title="1822"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1822</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1823" title="1823"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1823</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1820" title="1820"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1820</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1815" title="1815"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1815</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1804" title="1804"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1804</span></a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1775" title="1775"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1775</span></a>, dan <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1767" title="1767"><span style="color: #0645ad;">1767</span></a>.<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Bromo_sebagai_gunung_suci">Bromo sebagai gunung suci</span></h2>
Bagi penduduk Bromo, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Suku_Tengger" title="Suku Tengger"><span style="color: #0645ad;">suku Tengger</span></a>, Gunung Brahma (Bromo) dipercaya sebagai gunung suci. Setahun sekali masyarakat Tengger mengadakan upacara Yadnya Kasada atau Kasodo. Upacara ini bertempat di sebuah pura yang berada di bawah kaki Gunung Bromo utara dan dilanjutkan ke puncak gunung Bromo. Upacara diadakan pada tengah malam hingga dini hari setiap bulan purnama sekitar tanggal 14 atau 15 di bulan Kasodo (kesepuluh) menurut penanggalan Jawa.<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Catatan">Catatan</span></h2>
<div class="references-small" style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-gvp-0"><b>^</b> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_ref-gvp_0-0"><sup><span style="color: #0645ad; font-size: xx-small;">a</span></sup></a> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_ref-gvp_0-1"><sup><span style="color: #0645ad; font-size: xx-small;">b</span></sup></a> <span class="citation web"><a class="external text" href="http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0603-31=" rel="nofollow"><span style="color: #3366bb;">"Tengger Caldera"</span></a>. <i><a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Global_Volcanism_Program&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Global Volcanism Program (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Global Volcanism Program</span></a></i>. Smithsonian Institution<span class="printonly">. <a class="external free" href="http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0603-31=" rel="nofollow"><span style="color: #3366bb;">http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0603-31=</span></a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses pada 10 Maret 2010</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Tengger+Caldera&rft.atitle=%5B%5BGlobal+Volcanism+Program%5D%5D&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Institution&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.volcano.si.edu%2Fworld%2Fvolcano.cfm%3Fvnum%3D0603-31%3D&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Gunung_Bromo"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li>
</ol>
</div>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Galeri">Galeri</span></h2>
<ul class="gallery">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px;"><div style="width: 155px;">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;">
<div style="margin: 15px auto;">
<a class="image" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Gunung_bromo_2001189.jpg&filetimestamp=20050413164343"><img alt="" height="120" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/4/48/Gunung_bromo_2001189.jpg/120px-Gunung_bromo_2001189.jpg" width="120" /></a></div>
</div>
<div class="gallerytext">
Gambar Gunung Bromo dari <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/NASA" title="NASA"><span style="color: #0645ad;">NASA</span></a>.</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<ul class="gallery"></ul>
<ul class="gallery"> <span class="mw-headline" id="Pranala_luar"><span style="font-size: large;">Pranala luar</span></span></ul>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span id="coordinates"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Sistem_koordinat_geografi" title="Sistem koordinat geografi"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Koordinat</span></a>: <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="http://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?language=id&pagename=Gunung_Bromo&params=-7.943040_N_112.952982_E_" rel="nofollow"><span style="color: #3366bb;"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Peta, foto udara, dan data lainnya untuk lokasi ini"><span class="latitude">7°56′35″S</span> <span class="longitude">112°57′11″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Peta, foto udara, dan data lainnya untuk lokasi ini">7.943040°LS 112.952982°BT</span><span style="display: none;"> / <span class="geo">-7.943040; 112.952982</span></span></span></span></a></span></span></span><br />
<table cellspacing="0" class="navbox noprint"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; width: 100%;"><tbody>
<tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div style="float: left; text-align: left; width: 6em;">
<div class="noprint plainlinks navbar" style="background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Templat:Gunung_di_Indonesia" title="Templat:Gunung di Indonesia"><span style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;" title="Lihat templat ini"><span style="color: #0645ad;">l</span></span></a> <span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: 80%;">•</span> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Gunung_di_Indonesia" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Gunung di Indonesia"><span style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;" title="Bicarakan templat ini"><span style="color: #0645ad;">b</span></span></a> <span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: 80%;">•</span> </span><a class="external text" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Gunung_di_Indonesia&action=edit"><span style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;" title="Sunting templat ini"><span style="color: #3366bb;">s</span></span></a></div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: 110%;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Daftar_gunung_di_Indonesia" title="Daftar gunung di Indonesia"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-size: x-small;">Gunung</span></a><span style="font-size: x-small;"> di </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><span style="color: #0645ad; font-size: x-small;">Indonesia</span></a></span></th></tr>
<tr style="height: 2px;"><td><span style="color: #0645ad; font-size: x-small;"></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="navbox-group"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Daftar_gunung_di_Sumatera" title="Daftar gunung di Sumatera"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Sumatera</span></a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="border-left: 2px solid; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; width: 100%;"><div style="padding-bottom: 0em; padding-left: 0.25em; padding-right: 0.25em; padding-top: 0em;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Abongabong" title="Gunung Abongabong"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Abongabong</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Bacan_Gutang&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Bacan Gutang (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Bacan Gutang</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Balai&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Balai (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Balai</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Balak&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Balak (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Balak</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Bandahara" title="Gunung Bandahara"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Bandahara</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Bapagat&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Bapagat (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Bapagat</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Batee_Hitam&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Batee Hitam (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Batee Hitam</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Bateekeubeu" title="Gunung Bateekeubeu"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Bateekeubeu</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Berakah&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Berakah (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Berakah</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Bering&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Bering (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Bering</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Besagi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Besagi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Besagi</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Besar&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Besar (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Besar</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Beser&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Beser (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Beser</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Beteemecica&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Beteemecica (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Beteemecica</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Geureudong" title="Gunung Geureudong"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Geureudong</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Daik" title="Gunung Daik"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Daik</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Dempo" title="Gunung Dempo"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Dempo</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Dingin" title="Gunung Dingin"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Dingin</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Gampang&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Gampang (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Gampang</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Garba&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Garba (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Garba</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Gedang_Seblat" title="Gunung Gedang Seblat"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Gedang Seblat</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Gumai&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Gumai (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Gumai</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Hitam" title="Gunung Hitam"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Hitam</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Hulu_Air_Putih&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Hulu Air Putih (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Hulu Air Putih</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Jabul&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Jabul (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Jabul</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Jadi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Jadi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Jadi</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Kaba" title="Gunung Kaba"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Kaba</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Kalau&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Kalau (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Kalau</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Kayu_Aro&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Kayu Aro (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Kayu Aro</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Kerinci" title="Gunung Kerinci"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Kerinci</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Krakatau" title="Gunung Krakatau"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Krakatau</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Lelematsua&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Lelematsua (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Lelematsua</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Leuser" title="Gunung Leuser"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Leuser</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Lubukraya" title="Gunung Lubukraya"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Lubukraya</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Marapi" title="Gunung Marapi"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Marapi</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Maras" title="Gunung Maras"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Maras</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Masurai" title="Gunung Masurai"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Masurai</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Mueajan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Mueajan (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Mueajan</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Nanti&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Nanti (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Nanti</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Pandan" title="Gunung Pandan"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Pandan</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Pandan_Bungsu" title="Gunung Pandan Bungsu"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Pandan Bungsu</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Panetoh&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Panetoh (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Panetoh</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Panjang&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Panjang (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Panjang</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Pantai_Cermin&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Pantai Cermin (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Pantai Cermin</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Pasaman" title="Gunung Pasaman"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Pasaman</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Patah" title="Gunung Patah"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Patah</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Patahsembilan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Patahsembilan (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Patahsembilan</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Payung&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Payung (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Payung</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Perkison" title="Gunung Perkison"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Perkison</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Pesagi" title="Gunung Pesagi"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Pesagi</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Puet_Sague" title="Gunung Puet Sague"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Puet Sague</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Pinapan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Pinapan (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Pinapan</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Pugung" title="Gunung Pugung"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Pugung</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Punggur" title="Gunung Punggur"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Punggur</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Rajabasa" title="Gunung Rajabasa"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Rajabasa</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Ranai" title="Gunung Ranai"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Ranai</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Ratai" title="Gunung Ratai"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Ratai</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Ridingan" title="Gunung Ridingan"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Ridingan</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Runcing&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Runcing (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Runcing</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Sago" title="Gunung Sago"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Sago</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Sanggul&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Sanggul (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Sanggul</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Seblat" title="Gunung Seblat"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Seblat</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Segama&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Segama (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Segama</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Sekincau" title="Gunung Sekincau"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Sekincau</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Sembuang&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Sembuang (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Sembuang</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Seulawah_Agam" title="Gunung Seulawah Agam"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Seulawah Agam</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Sibayak" title="Gunung Sibayak"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Sibayak</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Sibuatan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Sibuatan (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Sibuatan</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Sihabuhabu&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Sihabuhabu (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Sihabuhabu</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Sinabung" title="Gunung Sinabung"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Sinabung</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Singgalang" title="Gunung Singgalang"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Singgalang</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Sipoimcim&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Sipoimcim (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Sipoimcim</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Sorik_Marapi" title="Gunung Sorik Marapi"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Sorik Marapi</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Sumbing_(Sumatera)" title="Gunung Sumbing (Sumatera)"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Sumbing</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Susup&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Susup (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Susup</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Talamau" title="Gunung Talamau"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Talamau</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Talang" title="Gunung Talang"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Talang</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Tampulonanjing&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Tampulonanjing (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Tampulonanjing</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Tandikat" title="Gunung Tandikat"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Tandikat</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Tanggamus" title="Gunung Tanggamus"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Tanggamus</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Tanggang" title="Gunung Tanggang"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Tanggang</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Tangkit_Cumbi" title="Gunung Tangkit Cumbi"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Tangkit Cumbi</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Tangkit_Tebak" title="Gunung Tangkit Tebak"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Tangkit Tebak</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Tebo_Salak&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Tebo Salak (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Tebo Salak</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Tengah_Teras&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Tengah Teras (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Tengah Teras</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Tinhaulaut&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Tinhaulaut (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Tinjaulaut</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Ulumasen" title="Gunung Ulumasen"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Ulumasen</span></a></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung" title="Gunung"><span style="color: #0645ad;"><img alt="" height="120" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Hawaiian_Eruption-numbers.svg/120px-Hawaiian_Eruption-numbers.svg.png" width="120" /></span></a></div>
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<tr><td class="navbox-group"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Daftar_gunung_di_Jawa" title="Daftar gunung di Jawa"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Jawa</span></a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="border-left: 2px solid; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; width: 100%;"><div style="padding-bottom: 0em; padding-left: 0.25em; padding-right: 0.25em; padding-top: 0em;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Anjasmoro" title="Gunung Anjasmoro"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Anjasmoro</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Argomayang" title="Gunung Argomayang"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Argomayang</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Argopuro" title="Gunung Argopuro"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Argopuro</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Arjuno" title="Gunung Arjuno"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Arjuno</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Aseupan" title="Gunung Aseupan"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Aseupan</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Baluran" title="Gunung Baluran"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Baluran</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <strong class="selflink">Bromo</strong><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Bukit_Tunggul" title="Gunung Bukit Tunggul"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Bukit Tunggul</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Burangrang" title="Gunung Burangrang"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Burangrang</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Butak" title="Gunung Butak"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Butak</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Cemarakuning&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Cemarakuning (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Cemarakuning</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Cereme" title="Gunung Cereme"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Cereme</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Cikuray" title="Gunung Cikuray"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Cikuray</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Gajah" title="Gunung Gajah"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Gajah</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Galunggung" title="Gunung Galunggung"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Galunggung</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Gede" title="Gunung Gede"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Gede</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Guntur" title="Gunung Guntur"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Guntur</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Jambangan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Jambangan (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Jambangan</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Kancana" title="Gunung Kancana"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Kancana</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Karang" title="Gunung Karang"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Karang</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Kawi" title="Gunung Kawi"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Kawi</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Kelud" title="Gunung Kelud"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Kelud</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Kembar_I" title="Gunung Kembar I"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Kembar I</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Kembar_II" title="Gunung Kembar II"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Kembar II</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Kucir" title="Gunung Kucir"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Kucir</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Lasem" title="Gunung Lasem"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Lasem</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Lawu" title="Gunung Lawu"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Lawu</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Liman" title="Gunung Liman"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Liman</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Lurus" title="Gunung Lurus"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Lurus</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Malabar" title="Gunung Malabar"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Malabar</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Masigit" title="Gunung Masigit"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Masigit</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Merapi" title="Gunung Merapi"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Merapi</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Merbabu" title="Gunung Merbabu"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Merbabu</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Muria" title="Gunung Muria"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Muria</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Pangrango" title="Gunung Pangrango"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Pangrango</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Papandayan" title="Gunung Papandayan"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Papandayan</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Patuha" title="Gunung Patuha"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Patuha</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Penanggungan" title="Gunung Penanggungan"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Penanggungan</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Pulasari" title="Gunung Pulasari"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Pulasari</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Raung" title="Gunung Raung"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Raung</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Salak" title="Gunung Salak"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Salak</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Semeru" title="Gunung Semeru"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Semeru</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Slamet" title="Gunung Slamet"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Slamet</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Suket" title="Gunung Suket"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Suket</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Sumbing" title="Gunung Sumbing"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Sumbing</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Sundoro" title="Gunung Sundoro"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Sundoro</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Tampomas" title="Gunung Tampomas"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Tampomas</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Tangkuban_Perahu" title="Gunung Tangkuban Perahu"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Tangkuban Perahu</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Telaga_Bodas" title="Gunung Telaga Bodas"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Telaga Bodas</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Tilu" title="Gunung Tilu"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Tilu</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Ungaran" title="Gunung Ungaran"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Ungaran</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Wayang" title="Gunung Wayang"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Wayang</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Welirang" title="Gunung Welirang"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Welirang</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Wilis" title="Gunung Wilis"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Wilis</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Windu" title="Gunung Windu"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Windu</span></a></div>
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<tr><td class="navbox-group"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Daftar_gunung_di_Bali_dan_Nusa_Tenggara" title="Daftar gunung di Bali dan Nusa Tenggara"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Bali &<br />Nusa Tenggara</span></a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="border-left: 2px solid; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; width: 100%;"><div style="padding-bottom: 0em; padding-left: 0.25em; padding-right: 0.25em; padding-top: 0em;">
<a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Abang&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Abang (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Abang</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Agung" title="Gunung Agung"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Agung</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Anak_Ranakah&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Anak Ranakah (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Anak Ranakah</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Batukau&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Batukau (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Batukau</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Batur" title="Gunung Batur"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Batur</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Batutara" title="Gunung Batutara"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Batutara</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Ebulabo&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Ebulabo (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Ebulabo</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Ebulolobo&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Ebulolobo (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Ebulolobo</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Egon" title="Gunung Egon"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Egon</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Iliboleng" title="Gunung Iliboleng"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Iliboleng</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Iliwerung" title="Gunung Iliwerung"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Iliwerung</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Ine_Lika" title="Gunung Ine Lika"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Ine Lika</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Inierie" title="Gunung Inierie"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Inierie</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Keknemo&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Keknemo (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Keknemo</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Kelimutu" title="Gunung Kelimutu"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Kelimutu</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Kondo&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Kondo (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Kondo</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Lewotobi" title="Gunung Lewotobi"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Lewotobi</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Lewotolo" title="Gunung Lewotolo"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Lewotolo</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Loreboleng&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Loreboleng (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Loreboleng</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Nangi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Nangi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Nangi</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Rinjani" title="Gunung Rinjani"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Rinjani</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Sangeang" title="Gunung Sangeang"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Sangeang</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Sangiang&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Sangiang (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Sangiang</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Sirung" title="Gunung Sirung"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Sirung</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Tambora" title="Gunung Tambora"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Tambora</span></a></div>
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<tr><td class="navbox-group"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Daftar_gunung_di_Kalimantan" title="Daftar gunung di Kalimantan"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Kalimantan</span></a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="border-left: 2px solid; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; width: 100%;"><div style="padding-bottom: 0em; padding-left: 0.25em; padding-right: 0.25em; padding-top: 0em;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Batubrok" title="Gunung Batubrok"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Batubrok</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Liangmebang&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Liangmebang (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Liangmebang</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Mesangat" title="Gunung Mesangat"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Mesangat</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Bekayan" title="Gunung Bekayan"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Bekayan</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Beratus&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Beratus (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Beratus</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Bukit_Batuatau&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Bukit Batuatau (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Bukit Batuatau</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Bukit_Raya" title="Gunung Bukit Raya"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Bukit Raya</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Bukit_Sapathawung" title="Gunung Bukit Sapathawung"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Bukit Sapathawung</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Bulu&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Bulu (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Bulu</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Halau-halau" title="Gunung Halau-halau"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Halau-halau</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Harun" title="Gunung Harun"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Harun</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Kaba" title="Gunung Kaba"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Kaba</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Kuung&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Kuung (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Kuung</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Liangpran" title="Gunung Liangpran"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Liangpran</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Lumut" title="Gunung Lumut"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Lumut</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Makita" title="Gunung Makita"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Makita</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Palung" title="Gunung Palung"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Palung</span></a></div>
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<tr><td class="navbox-group"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Daftar_gunung_di_Sulawesi" title="Daftar gunung di Sulawesi"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Sulawesi</span></a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="border-left: 2px solid; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; width: 100%;"><div style="padding-bottom: 0em; padding-left: 0.25em; padding-right: 0.25em; padding-top: 0em;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Awu" title="Gunung Awu"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Awu</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Bawakaraeng" title="Gunung Bawakaraeng"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Bawakaraeng</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Bumbungan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Bumbungan (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Bumbungan</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Dako" title="Gunung Dako"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Dako</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Empung" title="Gunung Empung"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Empung</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Gambuta&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Gambuta (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Gambuta</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Kajoga&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Kajoga (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Kajoga</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Kalangkangan" title="Gunung Kalangkangan"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Kalangkangan</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Katopasa&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Katopasa (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Katopasa</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Kaweng" title="Gunung Kaweng"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Kaweng</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Klabat" title="Gunung Klabat"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Klabat</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Latimojong" title="Gunung Latimojong"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Latimojong</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Lokon" title="Gunung Lokon"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Lokon</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Mabungajon&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Mabungajon (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Mabungajon</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Mahawu" title="Gunung Mahawu"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Mahawu</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Mekongga" title="Gunung Mekongga"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Mekongga</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Nikolalaki&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Nikolalaki (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Nikolalaki</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Paiki&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Paiki (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Paniki</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Rantekombola" title="Gunung Rantekombola"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Rantekombola</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Rantemario" title="Gunung Rantemario"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Rantemario</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Sahendaruman" title="Gunung Sahendaruman"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Sahendaruman</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Sojol" title="Gunung Sojol"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Sojol</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Soputan" title="Gunung Soputan"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Soputan</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Tangkoko" title="Gunung Tangkoko"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Tangkoko</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Tentolomatika" title="Gunung Tentolomatika"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Tentolomatika</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Timbulon&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Timbulon (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Timbulon</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Tinombala" title="Gunung Tinombala"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Tinombala</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Tompobau&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Tompobau (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Tompobau</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Tondano" title="Gunung Tondano"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Tondano</span></a></div>
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<tr><td class="navbox-group"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Maluku" title="Maluku"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Maluku</span></a></td><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="border-left: 2px solid; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; width: 100%;"><div style="padding-bottom: 0em; padding-left: 0.25em; padding-right: 0.25em; padding-top: 0em;">
<a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Batakbuol&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Batakbuol (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Batakbuol</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Batusibela" title="Gunung Batusibela"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Batusibela</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Binaia" title="Gunung Binaia"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Binaia</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Dukono" title="Gunung Dukono"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Dukono</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Gamalama" title="Gunung Gamalama"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Gamalama</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Gamkonora" title="Gunung Gamkonora"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Gamkonora</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Ibu" title="Gunung Ibu"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Ibu</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Isalai&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Isalai (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Isalai</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Kapalamadan" title="Gunung Kapalamadan"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Kapalamadan</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Keimatabu&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Keimatabu (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Keimatabu</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Koton&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Koton (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Koton</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Loko&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Loko (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Loko</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Sahuwai" title="Gunung Sahuwai"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Sahuwai</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Sulat&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Sulat (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Sulat</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Tagapora&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Tagapora (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Tagapora</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Waloolon" title="Gunung Waloolon"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Waloolon</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Watowato&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Watowato (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Watowato</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Wetar&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Wetar (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Wetar</span></a></div>
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<a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Arfak&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Arfak (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Arfak</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Beriba&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Beriba (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Beriba</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Derabaro&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Derabaro (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Derabaro</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Dafonsoro" title="Gunung Dafonsoro"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Dofonsoro</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Dom&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Dom (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Dom</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Foja&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Foja (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Foja</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Gombian&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Gombian (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Gombian</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Irau" title="Gunung Irau"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Irau</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Lina&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Lina (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Lina</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Puncak_Mandala" title="Puncak Mandala"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Puncak Mandala</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Mebo" title="Gunung Mebo"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Mebo</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Ngga_Pilimsit&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Ngga Pilimsit (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Ngga Pilimsit</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Puncak_Jaya" title="Puncak Jaya"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Puncak Jaya</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Puncak_Trikora" title="Puncak Trikora"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Puncak Trikora</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Redoura&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Redoura (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Redoura</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Testega&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Testega (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Testega</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Togwomeri&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Togwomeri (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Togwomeri</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Umsini" title="Gunung Umsini"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Umsini</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Gunung_Wats" title="Gunung Wats"><span style="color: #0645ad;">Wats</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Yamin&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Yamin (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Yamin</span></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> ·</span> <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Yaramamafaka&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gunung Yaramamafaka (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Yaramamafaka</span></a></div>
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</div>Intan Andhikahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04468021386331397875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7306587035043214014.post-18658745162371069392011-11-20T08:14:00.000-08:002011-11-21T06:48:14.144-08:00Untuk Ayah<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">
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<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Cipt. Intan Andhika Fitri</span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiObBHP5FVNJf4qxnGxEAnphUwSabMXERUg_8zNw4HZ9vcD77dKUFph7Uu5t_4YCpnXMMzg8IZ99T4bbdVLp4-dgCzt4VV0K9Je6WPR_90xWDZwPyqb7FMlPMtCXJozKqLfIdKkyCXRPFeZ/s1600/FECAVSYKB8CAO31C23CAZJ9CCFCA772ATGCA687XBICAY03AU1CAS0YRVICA1QOWGDCAI6VU3FCA4OSOGZCAGW4UXHCAXB1PEVCAR2SWIICAVCOQNYCAIGURYBCAZ7DEY8CAJAAD32CAGDQXCCCALKHS7M.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="cssfloat: left; height: 116px; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; width: 132px;"><img border="0" hda="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiObBHP5FVNJf4qxnGxEAnphUwSabMXERUg_8zNw4HZ9vcD77dKUFph7Uu5t_4YCpnXMMzg8IZ99T4bbdVLp4-dgCzt4VV0K9Je6WPR_90xWDZwPyqb7FMlPMtCXJozKqLfIdKkyCXRPFeZ/s1600/FECAVSYKB8CAO31C23CAZJ9CCFCA772ATGCA687XBICAY03AU1CAS0YRVICA1QOWGDCAI6VU3FCA4OSOGZCAGW4UXHCAXB1PEVCAR2SWIICAVCOQNYCAIGURYBCAZ7DEY8CAJAAD32CAGDQXCCCALKHS7M.jpg" /></a></div>
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<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Mengapa aku berbeda</span></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Tak pernah kurasa</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Kasih sayang lebih darimu</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Perhatian lebih darimu</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Terkadang aku membencimu</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Karena kau sering membuatku</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Meneteskan air mata</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Yang tak berguna</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Tapi ku tau itu salah bagiku</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Karena kau adalah ayahku</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Ayah ku ingin kau tau</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Aku selalu mencintaimu</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Sampai kapanpun itu </span></span></div>Intan Andhikahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04468021386331397875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7306587035043214014.post-35475772648395419152011-11-20T07:06:00.000-08:002011-11-20T07:06:08.818-08:00AGNES MONICA<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMRFgGlOmjHRjkZDu-BDFCiBICnO_UkyAdITaNE7hk4cBQ3uRYtzrR3yVgNrjsawnrpJXtEJqKG7HTMuU-kCW4w0j5m5IwpAa1548M-VFLLJYivTxamWOLwoPKCVBc2jkTngqdsN8vaeaK/s1600/Agnes_Monica%255B1%255D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" hda="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMRFgGlOmjHRjkZDu-BDFCiBICnO_UkyAdITaNE7hk4cBQ3uRYtzrR3yVgNrjsawnrpJXtEJqKG7HTMuU-kCW4w0j5m5IwpAa1548M-VFLLJYivTxamWOLwoPKCVBc2jkTngqdsN8vaeaK/s1600/Agnes_Monica%255B1%255D.jpg" /></a></div><div class="noprint" id="mw-page-base"></div><div class="noprint" id="mw-head-base"></div><!-- content --><div id="content"><a href="" id="top"></a><div class="js-messagebox" id="mw-js-message" style="display: none;"></div><!-- sitenotice --><div id="siteNotice"><!-- centralNotice loads here --></div><!-- /sitenotice --><!-- firstHeading --><h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading">Agnes Monica</h1><!-- /firstHeading --><!-- bodyContent --><div id="bodyContent"><!-- tagline --><div id="siteSub">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div><!-- /tagline --><!-- subtitle --><div id="contentSub"></div><!-- /subtitle --><!-- jumpto --><div id="jump-to-nav">Langsung ke: <a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#mw-head">navigasi</a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#p-search">cari</a> </div><!-- /jumpto --><!-- bodycontent --><div class="mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr" lang="id"><table class="infobox vcard" style="font-size: 85%; text-align: left; width: 22em;"><tbody>
<tr><th class="fn" colspan="2" style="background: #f0e68c; color: black; font-size: larger; text-align: center;">Agnes Monica</th></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: center;"><a class="image" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Agnes_Monica.jpg&filetimestamp=20110711041820" title="Agnes Monica"><img alt="Agnes Monica" height="396" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/f/f9/Agnes_Monica.jpg/250px-Agnes_Monica.jpg" width="250" /></a><br />
<small>Agnes Monica di tahun 2011</small></td></tr>
<tr><th class="fn" colspan="2" style="background-color: khaki; font-size: larger; text-align: center;">Latar belakang</th></tr>
<tr><th width="85">Nama lahir</th><td>Agnes Monica Muljoto</td></tr>
<tr><th>Lahir</th><td><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1_Juli" title="1 Juli">1 Juli</a> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a> <span class="noprint">(umur 25)</span><br />
<span class="flagicon"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Indonesia" title="Bendera Indonesia"><img alt="Bendera Indonesia" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" width="22" /></a></span> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></td></tr>
<tr><th>Jenis Musik</th><td><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Pop" title="Pop">Pop</a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/R%26B" title="R&B">R&B</a></td></tr>
<tr><th>Pekerjaan</th><td><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Penyanyi" title="Penyanyi">Penyanyi</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Aktris" title="Aktris">aktris</a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Tari" title="Tari">penari</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Presenter" title="Presenter">presenter</a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Pencipta_lagu" title="Pencipta lagu">pencipta lagu</a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Produser_rekaman" title="Produser rekaman">produser rekaman</a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Desainer" title="Desainer">perancang busana</a></td></tr>
<tr><th>Instrumen</th><td><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Vokal" title="Vokal">Vokal</a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a></td></tr>
<tr><th>Tahun aktif</th><td><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>–sekarang</td></tr>
<tr><th>Perusahaan rekaman</th><td><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Aquarius_Musikindo" title="Aquarius Musikindo">Aquarius Musikindo</a></td></tr>
<tr><th>Situs resmi</th><td><a class="external text" href="http://www.agnesmonicaofficial.com/" rel="nofollow">http://www.agnesmonicaofficial.com/</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table><b>Agnes Monica Muljoto</b> (lahir di <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1_Juli" title="1 Juli">1 Juli</a> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a>; umur 25 tahun) adalah seorang penyanyi dan artis berkebangsaan <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>. Ia memulai kariernya di industri hiburan pada usia enam tahun sebagai seorang penyanyi cilik. Agnes telah merilis tiga album anak-anak yang berhasil mengantarkan namanya ke deretan penyanyi cilik populer di era <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/1990-an" title="1990-an">1990-an</a>. Selain bernyanyi, Agnes kemudian juga menjadi presenter di beberapa acara televisi anak-anak. Saat menginjak usia remaja, Agnes mulai terjun ke dunia seni peran. Penampilannya di sinetron <i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Pernikahan_Dini_(sinetron)" title="Pernikahan Dini (sinetron)">Pernikahan Dini</a></i> (2001) berhasil melambungkan namanya. Agnes kemudian membintangi sederet judul sinetron yang menjadikannya artis remaja dengan bayaran termahal saat itu.<br />
Pada tahun 2003, Agnes merilis album dewasa pertamanya yang berjudul <i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/And_the_Story_Goes" title="And the Story Goes">And the Story Goes</a></i>, yang kembali melejitkan namanya di industri musik Indonesia. Kesuksesannya di tanah air mendorong Agnes memasang target untuk bisa berkarier di kancah internasional. Pada album keduanya yang dirilis pada tahun 2005, <i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Whaddup_A%27..%3F!" title="Whaddup A'..?!">Whaddup A'..?!</a></i>, ia menggandeng penyanyi asal Amerika Serikat <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Keith_Martin" title="Keith Martin">Keith Martin</a> untuk berkolaborasi. Agnes juga terlibat dalam syuting dua serial drama Asia, <i>The Hospital</i> dan <i>Romance In the White House</i> di <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>.<br />
Agnes berhasil meraih penghargaan dua tahun berturut-turut atas penampilannya di ajang <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Asia_Song_Festival" title="Asia Song Festival">Asia Song Festival</a> di <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Korea_Selatan" title="Korea Selatan">Korea Selatan</a>, pada tahun 2008 dan 2009. Pada album ketiganya, <i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Sacredly_Agnezious" title="Sacredly Agnezious">Sacredly Agnezious</a></i> (2009), Agnes mulai terlibat sebagai <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Produser" title="Produser">produser</a> dan <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Penulis_lagu" title="Penulis lagu">penulis lagu</a>. Pada tahun 2010, ia diangkat sebagai salah satu juri pada ajang pencarian bakat <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Indonesian_Idol" title="Indonesian Idol">Indonesian Idol</a>. Agnes juga menjadi salah satu pemandu acara pada karpet merah pegelaran <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/American_Music_Awards" title="American Music Awards">American Music Awards</a> 2010 di <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a>.<br />
Seiring dengan melesatnya Agnes ke puncak popularitas, penampilan dan gaya berbusananya menjadi tren di kalangan anak muda. Selain sukses secara komersial, Agnes merupakan penyanyi dengan jumlah penghargaan paling banyak di Indonesia. Ia telah memenangkan puluhan trofi, termasuk di antaranya sepuluh <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Anugerah_Musik_Indonesia" title="Anugerah Musik Indonesia">Anugerah Musik Indonesia</a>, tujuh <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Panasonic_Awards" title="Panasonic Awards">Panasonic Awards</a>, dan empat <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/MTV_Indonesia_Awards" title="MTV Indonesia Awards">MTV Indonesia Awards</a>. Selain itu, Agnes telah dipercaya menjadi duta anti narkoba se-Asia serta duta MTV EXIT dalam memberantas perdagangan manusia.<br />
<table class="toc" id="toc"><tbody>
<tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Daftar isi</h2></div><ul><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#Kehidupan_dan_karier"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Kehidupan dan karier</span></a> <ul><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#1986.E2.80.932002:_Masa_kecil_dan_awal_karier"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">1986–2002: Masa kecil dan awal karier</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#2003.E2.80.932004:_And_the_Story_Goes"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">2003–2004: And the Story Goes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#2005.E2.80.932007:_Whaddup_A.27...3F.21"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">2005–2007: Whaddup A'..?!</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#2008.E2.80.932009:_Sacredly_Agnezious"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">2008–2009: Sacredly Agnezious</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#2010.E2.80.93sekarang:_Agnes_Is_My_Name"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">2010–sekarang: Agnes Is My Name</span></a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#Keartisan_dan_citra"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Keartisan dan citra</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#Diskografi"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Diskografi</span></a> <ul><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#Album_studio"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Album studio</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#Album_lain"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Album lain</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#Penampilan_lain"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Penampilan lain</span></a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#Sinetron"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Sinetron</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#Pembawa_acara"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Pembawa acara</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#Lihat_pula"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Lihat pula</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#Referensi"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Referensi</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#Daftar_pustaka"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Daftar pustaka</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#Pranala_luar"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Pranala luar</span></a></li>
</ul></td></tr>
</tbody></table><h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Agnes_Monica&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Kehidupan dan karier">sunting</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Kehidupan_dan_karier">Kehidupan dan karier</span></h2><h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Agnes_Monica&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: 1986–2002: Masa kecil dan awal karier">sunting</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="1986.E2.80.932002:_Masa_kecil_dan_awal_karier">1986–2002: Masa kecil dan awal karier</span></h3><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 182px;"><a class="image" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Yess!.jpg&filetimestamp=20090905065755"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="300" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/4/44/Yess%21.jpg/180px-Yess%21.jpg" width="180" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Yess!.jpg&filetimestamp=20090905065755" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div><i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Yess!" title="Yess!">Yess!</a></i>, album duet Agnes bersama <a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Eza_Yayang&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Eza Yayang (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Eza Yayang</span></a> yang dirilis tahun 1995.</div></div></div>Agnes Monica Muljoto dilahirkan di <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a> pada tanggal 1 Juli 1986. Ia merupakan anak bungsu dari pasangan Jenny Siswono dan Ricky Suprapto.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-maestro_0-0"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-maestro-0"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[1]</span></a></sup> Ia memiliki seorang kakak laki-laki bernama Steve Muljoto yang kemudian menjadi manajernya.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-1"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[2]</span></a></sup> Agnes menyelesaikan pendidikan dasarnya di SD Tarakanita Jakarta, kemudian melanjutkan pendidikannya ke SLTP Pelita Harapan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-girl_2-0"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-girl-2"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[3]</span></a></sup> Di sekolahnya, Agnes merupakan siswi yang berprestasi di bidang akademik dan sering menerima beasiswa, meskipun ia juga disibukan dengan aktivitas luar sekolah seperti kursus <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">bahasa Inggris</a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Seluncur_es" title="Seluncur es">seluncur es</a>, dan <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Bulu_tangkis" title="Bulu tangkis">bulu tangkis</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-3"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[4]</span></a></sup> Bakat Agnes di bidang seni sudah telihat sejak ia masih kanak-kanak, khususnya bidang tarik suara. Selain ditempa di gereja, Agnes juga ikut kursus vokal di beberapa tempat.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ikon_4-0"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-ikon-4"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[5]</span></a></sup><br />
Saat menginjak usia enam tahun, Agnes memulai kariernya sebagai penyanyi cilik dan merekam album anak-anak pertamanya yang diberi judul <i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Si_Meong" title="Si Meong">Si Meong</a></i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-maestro_0-1"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-maestro-0"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[1]</span></a></sup> Nama Agnes melambung sebagai penyanyi cilik saat ia merilis album keduanya pada tahun 1995 yaitu <i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Yess!" title="Yess!">Yess!</a></i>, yang merupakan album duet bersama Eza Yayang. Album tersebut dinobatkan sebagai "Album Anak-Anak Terbaik" pada tahun 1999.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jpstory_5-0"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-jpstory-5"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[6]</span></a></sup> Album lain yang telah dirilis Agnes yaitu <i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Bala-Bala" title="Bala-Bala">Bala-Bala</a></i>. Ketiga album tersebut berhasil melejitkan Agnes ke jajaran penyanyi cilik terpopuler di era 1990-an.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ikon_4-1"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-ikon-4"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[5]</span></a></sup> Selain bernyanyi dan merilis album, Agnes juga menjadi presenter acara anak-anak yaitu <i>Video Anak Anteve</i> (VAN) di <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Antv" title="Antv">Anteve</a>, <i>Tralala-Trilili</i> di <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/RCTI" title="RCTI">RCTI</a>, dan <i>Diva Romeo</i> di <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Trans_TV" title="Trans TV">Trans TV</a>. Agnes berhasil meraih penghargaan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Panasonic_Awards" title="Panasonic Awards">Panasonic Awards</a> untuk "Pembawa Acara Anak-Anak Terfavorit" selama dua tahun berturut, 1999 dan 2000.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-talented_6-0"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-talented-6"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[7]</span></a></sup><br />
Menginjak usia remaja, Agnes mulai terjun ke dunia seni peran, dimulai dengan penampilannya di sinetron <i>Lupus Millenia</i> dan <i>Mr. Hologram</i> pada tahun 1999.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-girl_2-1"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-girl-2"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[3]</span></a></sup> Pada tahun itu, Agnes berhasil menempati urutan pertama jajak pendapat artis beranjak remaja terbaik versi artiscilik.com.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-girl_2-2"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-girl-2"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[3]</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 2000, Agnes menjadi pemeran utama di sinetron <i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Pernikahan_Dini_(sinetron)" title="Pernikahan Dini (sinetron)">Pernikahan Dini</a></i> bersama <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Sahrul_Gunawan" title="Sahrul Gunawan">Sahrul Gunawan</a>. Sinetron inilah yang berhasil melambungkan nama Agnes dan menghapus citranya sebagai seorang artis cilik.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-talented_6-1"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-talented-6"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[7]</span></a></sup> Akting Agnes di sinetron tersebut berhasil meraih penghargaan "Aktris Terfavorit" pada <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Panasonic_Awards" title="Panasonic Awards">Panasonic Awards</a> pada tahun 2001 dan 2002, serta SCTV Awards sebagai "Aktris Ngetop" pada tahun 2002.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-talented_6-2"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-talented-6"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[7]</span></a></sup> Selain itu, Agnes juga menyanyikan dua lagu ciptaan <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Melly_Goeslaw" title="Melly Goeslaw">Melly Goeslaw</a> berjudul "Pernikahan Dini" dan "Seputih Hati" sebagai lagu tema sinetron <i>Pernikahan Dini</i>. Kedua lagu tersebut merupakan penampilan pertama Agnes sejak kemunculannya sebagai penyanyi cilik beberapa tahun silam. Kedua lagu tersebut telah dirilis dalam album kompilasi bertajuk <i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Love_Theme" title="Love Theme">Love Theme</a></i> (2001).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-7"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[8]</span></a></sup> Sepanjang tahun 2002, Agnes telah membintangi tiga judul sinetron, yaitu <i>Ciuman Pertama</i>, <i>Kejar Daku Kau Ku Tangkap</i>, dan <i>Amanda</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jpstory_5-1"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-jpstory-5"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[6]</span></a></sup> Ia juga berkolaborasi dengan penyanyi <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Yana_Julio" title="Yana Julio">Yana Julio</a> dalam lagu "Awan dan Ombak" dalam album <i>Jumpa Lagi</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-8"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[9]</span></a></sup> Seiring dengan popularitasnya, Agnes berhasil menjadi artis remaja dengan bayaran termahal di Indonesia pada saat itu.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-termahal_9-0"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-termahal-9"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[10]</span></a></sup><br />
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Agnes_Monica&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: 2003–2004: And the Story Goes">sunting</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="2003.E2.80.932004:_And_the_Story_Goes">2003–2004: <i>And the Story Goes</i></span></h3><div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 182px;"><a class="image" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Agnes_at_AMI_2004.jpg&filetimestamp=20110710021155"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="252" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Agnes_at_AMI_2004.jpg/180px-Agnes_at_AMI_2004.jpg" width="180" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Agnes_at_AMI_2004.jpg&filetimestamp=20110710021155" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>Agnes meraih piala <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Anugerah_Musik_Indonesia" title="Anugerah Musik Indonesia">Anugerah Musik Indonesia</a> 2004</div></div></div>Pada tanggal 8 Oktober 2003, Agnes merilis album dewasa pertamanya bertajuk <i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/And_the_Story_Goes" title="And the Story Goes">And the Story Goes</a></i>. Penggarapan album ini melibatkan beberapa musikus kenamaan Indonesia, termasuk di antaranya <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Ahmad_Dhani" title="Ahmad Dhani">Ahmad Dhani</a> dan <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Melly_Goeslaw" title="Melly Goeslaw">Melly Goeslaw</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-tembang1_10-0"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-tembang1-10"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[11]</span></a></sup> Agnes menjelaskan "Untuk album baruku ini, aku memang ingin segala sesuatunya dipersiapkan dengan matang. Dari pemilihan lagu, musikus, sampai konsep videoklip, aku ingin yang benar-benar oke."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-tembang2_11-0"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-tembang2-11"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[12]</span></a></sup> Proses penggarapan album yang memakan waktu selama 1,5 tahun tersebut juga disibukan dengan audisi penari dan program gizi untuk mempersiapkan stamina Agnes sebagai penyanyi.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-tembang1_10-1"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-tembang1-10"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[11]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-tembang2_11-1"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-tembang2-11"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[12]</span></a></sup> Proses persiapan yang benar-benar matang tersebut akhirnya membuahkan kesuksesan pada album tersebut. <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Aquarius_Musikindo" title="Aquarius Musikindo">Aquarius Musikindo</a> selaku label yang menaungi Agnes melaporkan bahwa <i>And the Story Goes</i> sudah laris dipesan sekitar 35.000 keping sebelum dirilis secara resmi.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-tembang2_11-2"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-tembang2-11"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[12]</span></a></sup> Tak lama berselang, album ini kemudian meraih <i>double platinum</i> dengan penjualan lebih dari 300.000 keping.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-girl_2-3"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-girl-2"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[3]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wa_12-0"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-wa-12"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[13]</span></a></sup> Album pertama Agnes ini mengangkat "Bilang Saja" sebagai singel pertama dengan klip yang mengusung konsep <i>street fashion</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-tembang1_10-2"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-tembang1-10"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[11]</span></a></sup> Singel lain yang lahir dari album ini yakni "Indah", "Cinta Mati", dan "Jera". Selain sukses secara komersial, album ini juga membuahkan sejumlah penghargaan. Pada ajang <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Anugerah_Musik_Indonesia" title="Anugerah Musik Indonesia">Anugerah Musik Indonesia</a> 2004, Agnes memenangkan tiga penghargaaan dari total sepuluh nominasi, yaitu sebagai "Artis Pop Solo Wanita Terbaik" untuk lagu "Jera", "Karya Produksi Dance/Tehno Terbaik" untuk lagu "Bilang Saja", serta "Duo/Group Terbaik" untuk kolaborasinya dengan Ahmad Dhani di lagu "Cinta Mati".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-13"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[14]</span></a></sup> Ia juga berhasil meraih penghargaan sebagai "Pendatang Baru Terbaik" pada <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Anugerah_Planet_Muzik" title="Anugerah Planet Muzik">Anugerah Planet Muzik</a> 2004 yang digelar di <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Singapura" title="Singapura">Singapura</a>. Kesuksesannya dalam usia yang masih sangat muda membuat Agnes mendapat julukan "Diva Muda" dalam kancah musik Indonesia.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jpstory_5-2"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-jpstory-5"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[6]</span></a></sup> Ia juga mulai memasang target untuk bisa berkarier di kancah internasional.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-14"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[15]</span></a></sup><br />
Sepanjang tahun 2003, selain disibukan dengan perilisan album pertamanya, Agnes juga menggarap sinetron <i>Cewekku Jutek</i> sebagai pemeran utama bersama <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Roger_Danuarta" title="Roger Danuarta">Roger Danuarta</a>. Pada tahun berikutnya, Agnes membintangi dua sinetron, <i>Bunga Perawan</i> dan <i>Cantik</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-15"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[16]</span></a></sup> Penampilan Agnes dalam tiga sinetron tersebut mengantarkannya meraih penghargaan Panasonic Awards 2003 sebagai "Aktris Terfavorit" dan SCTV Awards 2004 sebagai "Aktris Ngetop". Di tengah kesibukannya sebagai penyanyi, Agnes masih tetap memperhatikan pendidikannya. Setelah lulus dari bangku SMA Pelita Harapan, ia menempuh pendidikan di <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Universitas_Pelita_Harapan" title="Universitas Pelita Harapan">Universitas Pelita Harapan</a> (UPH) pada jurusan <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Hukum" title="Hukum">Hukum</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-16"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[17]</span></a></sup><br />
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Agnes_Monica&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: 2005–2007: Whaddup A'..?!">sunting</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="2005.E2.80.932007:_Whaddup_A.27...3F.21">2005–2007: <i>Whaddup A'..?!</i></span></h3>Agnes resmi meluncurkan album keduanya berjudul <i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Whaddup_A%27..%3F!" title="Whaddup A'..?!">Whaddup A'..?!</a></i> pada tanggal 10 Desember 2005. Kali ini, selain menggandeng sejumlah musikus Indonesia seperti <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Dewiq" title="Dewiq">Dewiq</a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Melly_Goeslaw" title="Melly Goeslaw">Melly Goeslaw</a>, dan <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Andi_Rianto" title="Andi Rianto">Andi Rianto</a>, Agnes juga mengajak penyanyi asal Amerika Serikat <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Keith_Martin" title="Keith Martin">Keith Martin</a> untuk berkolaborasi.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-girl_2-4"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-girl-2"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[3]</span></a></sup> Di album ini, Keith Martin menciptakan dua buah lagu berbahasa Inggris untuk Agnes, termasuk di antaranya "I'll Light a Candle" yang mereka bawakan secara duet.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wa_12-1"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-wa-12"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[13]</span></a></sup> Untuk mempromosikan album tersebut, Agnes menggelar konser tunggal di empat kota di Indonesia, yakni <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Bandar_Lampung" title="Bandar Lampung">Bandar Lampung</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Surabaya" title="Surabaya">Surabaya</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung">Bandung</a>, dan <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Makassar" title="Makassar">Makassar</a>, dengan tajuk Clasnezenzation.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-17"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[18]</span></a></sup> Album ini juga menelurkan lima singel hit yaitu "Bukan Milikmu Lagi", "Tanpa Kekasihku", "Tak Ada Logika", "Cinta di Ujung Jalan", serta "Dan Tak Mungkin". <i>Whaddup A'..?!</i> mendapat respons positif dan diganjar sejumlah penghargaan. Pada pegelaran <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Anugerah_Musik_Indonesia" title="Anugerah Musik Indonesia">Anugerah Musik Indonesia</a> 2006, Agnes menyabet dua penghargaan yakni "Artis Pop Wanita Terbaik" dan "Karya Produksi R&B Terbaik" untuk lagu "Bukan Milikmu Lagi".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-18"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[19]</span></a></sup> Pada ajang <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Penghargaan_MTV_Indonesia" title="Penghargaan MTV Indonesia">Penghargaan MTV Indonesia</a> 2006, Agnes kembali meraih trofi "Most Favorite Female" berkat lagu "Tak Ada Logika".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-19"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[20]</span></a></sup> <i>Whaddup A'..?!</i> juga telah meraih <i>triple platinum</i> untuk angka penjualan album yang mencapai lebih dari 450.000 keping.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-20"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[21]</span></a></sup><br />
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Agnes_performing_as_a_guest_star_at_2007_Asian_Idol.jpg&filetimestamp=20110710021535"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="346" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Agnes_performing_as_a_guest_star_at_2007_Asian_Idol.jpg/220px-Agnes_performing_as_a_guest_star_at_2007_Asian_Idol.jpg" width="220" /></span></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Agnes_performing_as_a_guest_star_at_2007_Asian_Idol.jpg&filetimestamp=20110710021535" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>Penampilan Agnes Monica sebagai bintang tamu pada <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Asian_Idol" title="Asian Idol">Asian Idol</a> ditahun 2007</div></div></div>Pada tahun 2005, Agnes juga terlibat dalam syuting serial drama Asia berjudul <i>The Hospital</i> di <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> yang dibintangi oleh <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Jerry_Yan" title="Jerry Yan">Jerry Yan</a>, salah satu personil <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/F4" title="F4">F4</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cordova_21-0"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-cordova-21"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[22]</span></a></sup> Agnes juga ikut dalam syuting serial <i>Romance in The White House</i> bersama Peter Ho, yang dalam serial ini Agnes bermain hanya dalam beberapa episode saja.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-22"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-22"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[23]</span></a></sup> Di Indonesia, Agnes juga disibukan dengan perannya di dua sinetron di Indosiar, yaitu <i>Ku Tlah Jatuh Cinta</i> dan <i>Pink</i><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-23"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-23"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[24]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-24"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-24"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[25]</span></a></sup> Di penghujung tahun 2006, Agnes kemudian membintangi sinetron komedi berjudul <i>Kawin Muda</i> yang ditayangkan di <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/RCTI" title="RCTI">RCTI</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-25"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[26]</span></a></sup> Pada saat yang bersamaan, Agnes juga memutuskan untuk cuti dari kuliahnya di jurusan Hukum, Universitas Pelita Harapan. Langkah ini diambil Agnes akibat kesibukannya dalam menjalani karier dan mempersiapakan rencananya untuk <i>go international</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-26"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[27]</span></a></sup><br />
Pada awal tahun 2007, Agnes ditunjuk oleh DEA (Drugs Enforcement Administration) dan IDEC Far East Region sebagai duta anti narkoba se-Asia.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-27"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-27"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[28]</span></a></sup> Pada tanggal 15 Mei 2007, Agnes menjadi artis pembuka konser grup R&B Amerika Serikat <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Boyz_II_Men" title="Boyz II Men">Boyz II Men</a> di Istora Senayan, Jakarta.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-talented_6-3"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-talented-6"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[7]</span></a></sup> Agnes dan promotor konser sempat mengumumkan bahwa ia akan berkolaborasi dengan grup tersebut, meskipun akhirnya tidak terlaksana akibat persiapan yang belum matang. Pada tanggal 23 Juni 2007, Agnes menggelar konser tunggal untuk pertama kali di Stadium Negara, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, yang disaksikan sebanyak 3.000 penonton.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-28"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-28"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[29]</span></a></sup> Agnes juga menjadi bintang tamu khusus dalam panggung final <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Asian_Idol" title="Asian Idol">Asian Idol</a> yang digelar pada tanggal 16 Desember 2007, dengan membawakan lagunya berjudul "Get Up".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-29"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-29"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[30]</span></a></sup><br />
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Agnes_Monica&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: 2008–2009: Sacredly Agnezious">sunting</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="2008.E2.80.932009:_Sacredly_Agnezious">2008–2009: <i>Sacredly Agnezious</i></span></h3>Pada awal tahun 2008, Agnes membintangi sinetron kejar tayang RCTI berjudul <i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Jelita_(sinetron)" title="Jelita (sinetron)">Jelita</a></i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-30"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-30"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[31]</span></a></sup> Agnes mulai menggarap album studio ketiganya dan merilis lagu berjudul "Matahariku" lebih awal sebagai singel pertama. Sampai saat ini, "Matahariku" merupakan singel terlaris Agnes dengan penjualan <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Nada_sambung" title="Nada sambung">nada sambung</a> mencapai lebih dari tiga juta dalam waktu sembilan bulan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-31"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-31"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[32]</span></a></sup> Videoklip "Matahariku" juga telah ditonton lebih dari 4,5 juta kali di <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>, menjadikannya video musik Indonesia yang paling banyak ditonton.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-32"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-32"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[33]</span></a></sup> Lagu tersebut kembali membuahkan Agnes penghargaan di <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/MTV_Indonesia_Awards" title="MTV Indonesia Awards">MTV Indonesia Awards</a> sebagai "Most Favorite Female" serta <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Anugerah_Musik_Indonesia_2009" title="Anugerah Musik Indonesia 2009">Anugerah Musik Indonesia 2009</a> sebagai "Artis Pop Solo Wanita Terbaik".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-33"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-33"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[34]</span></a></sup> Pada bulan September 2008, Agnes meluncurkan singel kedua berjudul "Godai Aku Lagi" yang merupakan ciptaannya sendiri. Sebagai pemanasan sebelum resmi merilis album, Agnes merilis <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Nez" title="Nez">album mini</a> yang memuat dua singel saja "Godai Aku Lagi" dan "Matahariku".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-pembajak_34-0"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-pembajak-34"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[35]</span></a></sup> Agnes juga membintangi sinetron keduanya pada tahun itu berjudul <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Kawin_Masal" title="Kawin Masal">Kawin Masal</a></i>.<br />
Pada tanggal 4 Oktober 2008, Agnes tampil di panggung <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Asia_Song_Festival" title="Asia Song Festival">Asia Song Festival</a> yang diselenggarakan oleh Korea Foundation for International Culture Exchange di <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Korea_Selatan" title="Korea Selatan">Korea Selatan</a>. Acara yang diikuti 24 artis dari 12 negara Asia tersebut disaksikan oleh 35.000 penonton di Seoul World Cup Stadium dan disiarkan di stasiun televisi di 30 negara.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-35"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-35"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[36]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-36"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-36"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[37]</span></a></sup> Agnes menampilkan dua lagu miliknya, "Godai Aku Lagi" dan "Shake It Off", dengan memasukkan unsur tarian <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a>. Penampilan Agnes tersebut mendapat respons positif dari sejumlah media lokal Korea dan meraih penghargaan "The Best Asian Artist Award" dari panitia.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-37"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-37"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[38]</span></a></sup> Pada tahun berikutnya, Agnes kembali tampil di panggung tersebut dan membawakan tiga lagu yaitu "Shake It Off", "Temperature", serta lagu milik penyanyi pop <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a>, "Heal the World". Panggung kali ini diikuti 14 artis dari sembilan negara Asia dan disaksikan sekitar 40.000 penonton.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-38"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-38"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[39]</span></a></sup> Seperti penampilan sebelumnya, Agnes kembali mendapat sambutan baik serta menerima penghargaan "The Best Asian Artist Award" untuk kedua kalinya.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-39"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-39"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[40]</span></a></sup><br />
Pada tanggal 1 April 2009 Agnes akhrinya resmi meluncurkan album ketiganya yang diberi judul <i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Sacredly_Agnezious" title="Sacredly Agnezious">Sacredly Agnezious</a></i>. Kali ini, Agnes lebih terlibat secara langsung dalam pengerjaan album. Dengan dibantu sejumlah musikus ternama, yaitu <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Erwin_Gutawa" title="Erwin Gutawa">Erwin Gutawa</a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Dewiq" title="Dewiq">Dewiq</a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Pay" title="Pay">Pay</a>, dan DJ Sumantri, Agnes turut terlibat sebagai produser dan pencipta lagu dalam album tersebut.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-40"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-40"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[41]</span></a></sup> Selain dua singel terdahulu, "Matahariku" dan "Godai Aku Lagi", <i>Sacredly Agnezious</i> melejitkan singel lain berjudul "Teruskanlah" dan "Janji-Janji". Pada <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/MTV_Indonesia_Awards" title="MTV Indonesia Awards">MTV Indonesia Awards</a> 2009, Agnes menyabet dua penghargaan sebagai "Most Favorite Female" serta "Artist of the Year" yang merupakan penghargaan tertinggi dalam acara tersebut.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-41"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-41"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[42]</span></a></sup> Pada <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Anugerah_Musik_Indonesia_2010" title="Anugerah Musik Indonesia 2010">Anugerah Musik Indonesia</a> yang digelar pada tahun berikutnya, Agnes berhasil meraih dua penghargaan, masing-masing untuk kategori "Album Pop Terbaik", "Artis Solo Pop Wanita Terbaik" dan "Album Terbaik Terbaik".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-42"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-42"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[43]</span></a></sup> Pada tanggal 23 Mei 2009, Agnes tampil sebagai salah satu bintang tamu dalam acara "Festival of Life" di <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Garuda_Wisnu_Kencana" title="Garuda Wisnu Kencana">Garuda Wisnu Kencana</a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a>, dalam rangka peringatan 50 tahun hubungan diplomatik Indonesia dan Jepang.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-43"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-43"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[44]</span></a></sup> Pada tanggal 14 Oktober 2009, Agnes juga terlibat dalam konser pementasan lagu-lagu grup legendaris <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/ABBA" title="ABBA">ABBA</a> bertajuk "Dancing Queen" di Istora Senayan dengan menyanyikan lagu "The Winner Take It's All".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mimpi_44-0"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-mimpi-44"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[45]</span></a></sup> Setelah sekian lama cuti dari kuliahnya, Agnes akhirnya memutuskan untuk mengundurkan diri dari jurusan Hukum <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Universitas_Pelita_Harapan" title="Universitas Pelita Harapan">Universitas Pelita Harapan</a> dengan IPK terakhir 3,67.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-kita_45-0"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-kita-45"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[46]</span></a></sup> Ia kemudian melanjutkan kuliahnya di <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Oregon_State_University" title="Oregon State University">Oregon State University</a> (OSU), Amerika Serikat, dengan program <i>distance education</i> di jurusan <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Ilmu_politik" title="Ilmu politik">Political Science</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-46"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-46"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[47]</span></a></sup><br />
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Agnes_Monica&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: 2010–sekarang: Agnes Is My Name">sunting</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="2010.E2.80.93sekarang:_Agnes_Is_My_Name">2010–sekarang: <i>Agnes Is My Name</i></span></h3>Memasuki tahun 2010, Agnes mendapat kehormatan menjadi juri dalam ajang pencarian bakat <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Indonesian_Idol" title="Indonesian Idol">Indonesian Idol</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-47"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-47"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[48]</span></a></sup> Kehadiran Agnes di ajang tersebut sempat diragukan karena usianya yang masih terlalu muda. Agnes berkomentar "Kalau pengalaman, jangan dilihat dari umur. Dengan prestasi yang aku dapat, enggak ada beban buatku berada di antara Mas <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Anang_Hermansyah" title="Anang Hermansyah">Anang</a> dan Mas <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Erwin_Gutawa" title="Erwin Gutawa">Erwin</a>. Aku sendiri merasa bukan jadi juri, aku dibiarkan jadi diri sendiri, aku sebagai teman mereka [para peserta]. Aku akan bagi pengalamanku ke mereka."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-48"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-48"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[49]</span></a></sup> Agnes juga ditunjuk menjadi duta MTV EXIT (End Exploitation and Trafficking) dalam misi memberantas <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Perdagangan_manusia" title="Perdagangan manusia">perdagangan manusia</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-49"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-49"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[50]</span></a></sup> Pada tahun ini, Agnes meluncurkan singel berjudul "Karena Ku Sanggup" yang ia ciptakan bersama musikus Andi Rianto.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-50"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-50"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[51]</span></a></sup> Ia juga membintangi sinetron berjudul <i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Pejantan_Cantik" title="Pejantan Cantik">Pejantan Cantik</a></i> yang tayang di Indosiar. Pada tanggal 21 November 2010, Agnes menjadi salah satu <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Pembawa_acara" title="Pembawa acara">pembawa acara</a> karpet merah ajang penghargaan tahunan <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/American_Music_Awards" title="American Music Awards">American Music Awards</a> yang diselenggarakan di Nokia Theatre, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a>. Ia tampil menggunakan busana bermotif batik dan kebaya, serta sesekali menggunakan bahasa Indonesia.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-51"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-51"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[52]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-52"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-52"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[53]</span></a></sup> Pada kesempatan tersebut, Agnes juga berduet bersama penyanyi Meksiko <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Christian_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Christian Chávez">Christian Chávez</a> dalam lagu berjudul "¿En Dónde Estás?" yang dikemas dalam bahasa Spanyol, Inggris, dan Indonesia.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-53"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-53"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[54]</span></a></sup><br />
Pada tanggal 2 Februari 2011, Agnes meluncurkan sebuah album <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Kompilasi_terbaik" title="Kompilasi terbaik">kompilasi terbaik</a> yang diberi judul <i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Agnes_Is_My_Name" title="Agnes Is My Name">Agnes Is My Name</a></i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-54"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-54"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[55]</span></a></sup> Album ini memuat sepuluh singel pilihan dari tiga <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Album_studio" title="Album studio">album studio</a> sebelumnya, ditambah dua lagu terbaru "Karena Ku Sanggup" dan "Paralyzed".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-55"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-55"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[56]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-56"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-56"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[57]</span></a></sup> Album ini hanya dijual di gerai <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/KFC" title="KFC">KFC</a> di seluruh Indonesia dan meraih plakat "Million Award" untuk penjualan lebih dari satu juta keping dalam waktu empat bulan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-57"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-57"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[58]</span></a></sup> Pada saat acara peluncuran album tersebut, Agnes mengumumkan bahwa ia telah menandatangani kontrak dengan <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony/ATV Music Publishing</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-58"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-58"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[59]</span></a></sup> Pada tanggal 23 Maret 2011, bertepatan dengan Perayaan Hari Musik Nasional, Agnes menerima penghargaan Nugraha Bhakti Musik Indonesia (NBMI) dari <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Kementerian_Kebudayaan_dan_Pariwisata_Indonesia" title="Kementerian Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Indonesia">Menteri Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata</a> dan Persatuan Artis Penyanyi, Pencipta Lagu, dan Penata Musik Rekaman Indonesia (PAPPRI) atas dedikasi dan sumbangsihnya, baik berupa pemikiran maupun perbuatan, bagi kemajuan dan perkembangan serta pelestarian musik Indonesia.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-59"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-59"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[60]</span></a></sup> Agnes juga kesekian kalinya meraih penghargaan di <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Anugerah_Musik_Indonesia" title="Anugerah Musik Indonesia">Anugerah Musik Indonesia</a>, untuk tahun 2011 ia memenangkan kategori "Artis Solo Wanita Terbaik".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-60"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-60"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[61]</span></a></sup><br />
Pada bulan September 2011, Agnes berduet dengan penyanyi senior Amerika Serikat <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Michael_Bolton" title="Michael Bolton">Michael Bolton</a> pada lagu "Said I Loved You...But I Lied". Lagu tersebut direkam dalam album Bolton bertajuk <i>Gems: The Duets Album</i> yang dirilis di seluruh kawasan Asia, termasuk Jepang.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-61"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-61"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[62]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-62"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-62"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[63]</span></a></sup> Agnes juga berhasil meraih nominasi sebagai "Worldwide Act Asia Pasific" dalam ajang penghargaan <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/MTV_Europe_Music_Awards" title="MTV Europe Music Awards">MTV Europe Music Awards</a> 2011.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-63"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-63"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[64]</span></a></sup> Saat ini Agnes sedang sibuk merampungkan proyek album internasional perdananya di Los Angeles bersama beberapa musisi, termasuk di antaranya produser dan rapper <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Timbaland" title="Timbaland">Timbaland</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-64"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-64"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[65]</span></a></sup><br />
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Agnes_Monica&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Keartisan dan citra">sunting</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Keartisan_dan_citra">Keartisan dan citra</span></h2><table class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid; border-left: #aaa 1px solid; border-right: #aaa 1px solid; border-top: #aaa 1px solid;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><img alt="Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg" height="50" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" width="50" /></div></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="line-height: 1.1em;"><table style="background: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 100%;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 2px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Berkas:Agnes_Monica_-_Tak_Ada_Logika.ogg" title="Berkas:Agnes Monica - Tak Ada Logika.ogg">"Tak Ada Logika" (2005)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div id="ogg_player_1"><div><button onclick="if (typeof(wgOggPlayer) != 'undefined') wgOggPlayer.init(false, {"id": "ogg_player_1", "videoUrl": "//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/f/f7/Agnes_Monica_-_Tak_Ada_Logika.ogg", "width": 180, "height": 35, "length": 24, "linkUrl": "/wiki/Berkas:Agnes_Monica_-_Tak_Ada_Logika.ogg", "isVideo": false});" style="text-align: center; width: 180px;" title="Putar suara" type="submit"><img alt="Putar suara" height="22" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/w/extensions-1.18/OggHandler/play.png" width="22" /></button></div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">"Tak Ada Logika" merupakan salah satu lagu bertempo cepat Agnes yang dibesut dalam genre musik <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/R%26B" title="R&B">R&B</a>.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 2px;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Berkas:Agnes_Monica_-_Karena_Ku_Sanggup.ogg" title="Berkas:Agnes Monica - Karena Ku Sanggup.ogg">"Karena Ku Sanggup" (2010)</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div id="ogg_player_2"><div><button onclick="if (typeof(wgOggPlayer) != 'undefined') wgOggPlayer.init(false, {"id": "ogg_player_2", "videoUrl": "//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/d/dd/Agnes_Monica_-_Karena_Ku_Sanggup.ogg", "width": 180, "height": 35, "length": 26, "linkUrl": "/wiki/Berkas:Agnes_Monica_-_Karena_Ku_Sanggup.ogg", "isVideo": false});" style="text-align: center; width: 180px;" title="Putar suara" type="submit"><img alt="Putar suara" height="22" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/w/extensions-1.18/OggHandler/play.png" width="22" /></button></div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">"Karena Ku Sanggup" merupakan sebuah balada <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Pop" title="Pop">pop</a> yang ditulis sendiri oleh Agnes. Di sini, ia menunjukan kemampuan vokalnya menjangkau nada-nada tinggi.</td></tr>
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</tbody></table></td></tr>
<tr><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2" style="line-height: 1.1em;"><span style="font-size: smaller;"><i>Kesulitan mendengarkan berkas-berkas ini? Lihat <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Wikipedia:Memainkan_berkas_media" title="Wikipedia:Memainkan berkas media">bantuan</a>.</i></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>Agnes merupakan penyanyi solo yang mengusung jenis musik <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Pop" title="Pop">pop</a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/R%26B" title="R&B">R&B</a>, dan <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Hip-hop" title="Hip-hop">hip-hop</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-pembajak_34-1"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-pembajak-34"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[35]</span></a></sup> Ia mengakui <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Jill_Scott" title="Jill Scott">Jill Scott</a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Angie_Stone" title="Angie Stone">Angie Stone</a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna">Madonna</a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a>, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Fantasia_Barrino" title="Fantasia Barrino">Fantasia</a>, dan <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9_Knowles" title="Beyoncé Knowles">Beyoncé</a> sebagai pengaruh besarnya dalam bermusik.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-65"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-65"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[66]</span></a></sup> Agnes juga sering dibanding-bandingkan dengan artis Amerika lainnya, terutama <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Britney_Spears" title="Britney Spears">Britney Spears</a> dan <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Christina_Aguilera" title="Christina Aguilera">Christina Aguilera</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-66"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-66"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[67]</span></a></sup> Meskipun demikian, cukup banyak pula penyanyi Indonesia yang terpengaruh Agnes dalam hal gaya bernyanyi dan penampilan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-67"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-67"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[68]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-68"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-68"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[69]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-69"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-69"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[70]</span></a></sup> Penyanyi dari negara tetangga, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Stacy" title="Stacy">Stacy</a>, bahkan mendapat julukan sebagai "Agnes Monica Malaysia" akibat pengaruh Agnes pada dirinya.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-70"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-70"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[71]</span></a></sup> Agnes memiliki jenis suara <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Sopran" title="Sopran">sopran</a> dengan jangkauan yang cukup tinggi.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mimpi_44-1"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-mimpi-44"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[45]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-vokal_71-0"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-vokal-71"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[72]</span></a></sup> Ia merupakan artis pertama dalam kancah musik Indonesia yang menggunakan teknik vokal <i>whistle register</i> pada lagu "Karena Ku Sanggup"<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-72"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-72"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[73]</span></a></sup> dan "Rindu".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-73"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-73"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[74]</span></a></sup> Untuk lagu-lagu bertempo cepat, Agnes memadukannya dengan koreografi yang energik di atas panggung, sehingga sering mengharuskannya untuk tampil secara <i>lip sync</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-vokal_71-1"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-vokal-71"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[72]</span></a></sup> Selain sering berlatih vokal, Agnes juga rajin melatih gerakan tari dan stamina untuk menunjang penampilannya. Sampai saat ini, Agnes merupakan satu-satunya artis Indonesia yang memiliki grup tari pribadi yang bernama <i>Nezindahood</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-74"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-74"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[75]</span></a></sup> Penari-penari dalam grup tersebut dipilihnya melalui audisi sejak penggarapan album pertamanya pada tahun 2003.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-tembang1_10-3"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-tembang1-10"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[11]</span></a></sup> Seiring dengan profesinya sebagai penyanyi, Agnes juga mengembangkan kemampuannya dalam bermain piano dan menulis lagu.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cordova_21-1"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-cordova-21"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[22]</span></a></sup> Bakat Agnes dalam mencipta lagu mulai terbentuk saat menggarap album <i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Sacredly_Agnezious" title="Sacredly Agnezious">Sacredly Agnezious</a></i>, saat ia menciptakan tiga lagu termasuk singel "Godai Aku Lagi".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-75"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-75"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[76]</span></a></sup><br />
Agnes merupakan artis yang selalu membawa tren baru di kalangan anak muda, khususnya dalam hal penampilan, baik itu pakaian, aksesori, maupun tata rambut.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-style_76-0"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-style-76"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[77]</span></a></sup> Melalui penampilannya di atas panggung, video musik, dan sinetron, Agnes telah memopulerkan berbagai gaya berpenampilan, mulai dari <i>punk rock</i> hingga <i>harajuku</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-style_76-1"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-style-76"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[77]</span></a></sup> Namun demikian, Agnes juga tak jarang dituduh tidak orisinal dan cenderung kebarat-baratan. Agnes menanggapi komentar mengenai dirinya tersebut dengan berkata:<br />
<table class="cquote" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; border-collapse: collapse; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; margin: auto;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="color: #b2b7f2; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 35px; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 10px; text-align: left;" valign="top" width="20">“</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 4px;" valign="top">Tidak ada satu pun di dunia ini yang "original" tanpa pengaruh dari hal lainnya. Saya beruntung lahir dan dibesarkan di Indonesia (<i>specifically</i> Jakarta) di zaman ini di mana kita (dalam hal ini Indonesia) sangat terbuka dengan proses globalisasi. Budaya Timur dan budaya Barat saling memengaruhi, ya begitu keadaannya. Intinya, adanya pengaruh antarbudaya jangan dianggap sebagai "budaya yang berbenturan", tapi anggaplah sebagai budaya yang "saling melengkapi". Ambil yang baik dari budaya-budaya tersebut dan tinggalkan yang negatif. Jadi, ya, saya ini adalah produk Indonesia dan produk era globalisasi.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-kita_45-1"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-kita-45"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[46]</span></a></sup></td><td style="color: #b2b7f2; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 36px; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 10px; text-align: right;" valign="bottom" width="20">”</td></tr>
</tbody></table>Ketertarikan Agnes dalam dunia busana mendorongnya untuk menekuni bisnis <i>clothing line</i> yang mendapat sambutan bagus.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-77"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-77"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[78]</span></a></sup> Menurut survei yang dilakukan majalah <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Cosmopolitan" title="Cosmopolitan">Cosmopolitan</a></i> pada tahun 2010, Agnes merupakan penyanyi wanita terseksi di Indonesia.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-78"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-78"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[79]</span></a></sup> Ia juga sempat meraih Kartini Award dari Wanita Indonesia Tanpa Tembakau (WITT) dan World Health Organization (WHO). Menurut Ketua Umum WITT Nita Yudi, "Karena Agnes adalah artis muda berprestasi yang enerjik, dan pastinya tidak merokok. Semoga dapat menjadi contoh yang baik bagi generasi muda."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-79"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-79"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[80]</span></a></sup> Agnes juga merupakan selebriti yang tertutup mengenai kehidupan pribadinya di media. Ia sering diterpa gosip menjalin hubungan khusus dengan sejumlah nama, namun tak satu pun yang ia konfirmasi.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-80"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-80"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[81]</span></a></sup><br />
Agnes merupakan penyanyi Indonesia dengan jumlah penghargaan paling banyak dalam sejarah.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-81"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-81"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[82]</span></a></sup> Sebagai salah satu figur paling dominan dalam industri hiburan Indonesia, Agnes telah mendapat kepercayaan untuk menjadi bintangi iklan ataupun duta oleh berbagai merek produk.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-82"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-82"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[83]</span></a></sup> Agnes juga telah terlibat dalam sejumlah kegiatan sosial. Ia melakukan kegiatan penggalangan dana untuk membantu para korban bencana, seperti di <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Sumatera_Barat" title="Sumatera Barat">Sumatera Barat</a> dan <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Situ_Gintung" title="Situ Gintung">Situ Gintung</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-83"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-83"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[84]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-84"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-84"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[85]</span></a></sup> Agnes juga membantu menggalang dana senilai lebih dari Rp 400 juta untuk <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Persis_Solo" title="Persis Solo">Persis</a>, tim sepak bola Surakarta, melalui konser yang diadakan di Diamond Convention Center di Surakarta.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-85"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7306587035043214014#cite_note-85"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[86]</span></a></sup><br />
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Agnes_Monica&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Diskografi">sunting</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Diskografi">Diskografi</span></h2><h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Agnes_Monica&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Album studio">sunting</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Album_studio">Album studio</span></h3><ul><li><i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/And_the_Story_Goes" title="And the Story Goes">And the Story Goes</a></i> (2003)</li>
<li><i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Whaddup_A%27..%3F!" title="Whaddup A'..?!">Whaddup A'..?!</a></i> (2005)</li>
<li><i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Sacredly_Agnezious" title="Sacredly Agnezious">Sacredly Agnezious</a></i> (2009)</li>
</ul><h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Agnes_Monica&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Album lain">sunting</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Album_lain">Album lain</span></h3><ul><li><i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Si_Meong" title="Si Meong">Si Meong</a></i> (1992)</li>
<li><i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Yess!" title="Yess!">Yess!</a></i> (1995)</li>
<li><i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Bala-Bala" title="Bala-Bala">Bala-Bala</a></i> (1996)</li>
<li><i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Nez" title="Nez">Nez</a></i> (2008)</li>
<li><i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Agnes_Is_My_Name" title="Agnes Is My Name">Agnes Is My Name</a></i> (2011)</li>
</ul><h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Agnes_Monica&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Penampilan lain">sunting</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Penampilan_lain">Penampilan lain</span></h3><ul><li>"Tralala-Trilili", lagu tema acara televisi <i>Tralala-Trilili</i> (1998)</li>
<li>"Pernikahan Dini" dan "Seputih Hati" dalam album kompilasi <i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Love_Theme" title="Love Theme">Love Theme</a></i> (2001)</li>
<li>"Awan dan Ombak", duet dengan <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Yana_Julio" title="Yana Julio">Yana Julio</a> dalam album <i>Jumpa Lagi</i> (2002)</li>
<li>"Said I Loved You...But I Lied", duet dengan <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Michael_Bolton" title="Michael Bolton">Michael Bolton</a> dalam album <i>Gems: The Duets Album</i> (Asian Edition) (2011)</li>
<li>"Rindu", singel non-album (2011)</li>
</ul><h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Agnes_Monica&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Sinetron">sunting</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Sinetron">Sinetron</span></h2><ul><li><i>Lupus Milenia</i> (1999)</li>
<li><i>Mr Hologram</i> (1999)</li>
<li><i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Pernikahan_Dini_(sinetron)" title="Pernikahan Dini (sinetron)">Pernikahan Dini</a></i> (2001)</li>
<li><i>Amanda</i> (2002)</li>
<li><i>Ciuman Pertama</i> (2002)</li>
<li><i>Cinta Selembut Awan</i> (2002)</li>
<li><i>Cewekku Jutek</i> (2003)</li>
<li><i>Cantik</i> (2004)</li>
<li><i>Bunga Perawan</i> (2004)</li>
<li><i>Ku 'Tlah Jatuh Cinta</i> (2005)</li>
<li><i>Pink</i> (2006)</li>
<li><i>Romance In The White House</i> (2006)</li>
<li><i><a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=The_Hospital&action=edit&redlink=1" title="The Hospital (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">The Hospital</span></a></i> (2006)</li>
<li><i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Kawin_Muda" title="Kawin Muda">Kawin Muda</a></i> (2006)</li>
<li><i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Jelita_(sinetron)" title="Jelita (sinetron)">Jelita</a></i> (2008)</li>
<li><i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Kawin_Masal" title="Kawin Masal">Kawin Masal</a></i> (2008)</li>
<li><i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Pejantan_Cantik" title="Pejantan Cantik">Pejantan Cantik</a></i> (2010)</li>
<li><i><a class="new" href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Marissa&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Marissa (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: #ba0000;">Marissa</span></a></i> (2011)</li>
</ul><h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Agnes_Monica&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Pembawa acara">sunting</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Pembawa_acara">Pembawa acara</span></h2><ul><li><i>VAN</i> (Video Anak Anteve) – <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Anteve" title="Anteve">Anteve</a></li>
<li><i>Tralala-Trilili</i> – <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/RCTI" title="RCTI">RCTI</a></li>
<li><i>Diva Romeo</i> – <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Trans_TV" title="Trans TV">Trans TV</a></li>
<li><i>American Music Awards 2010</i> – <a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC Channel</a></li>
</ul><h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://www.blogger.com/w/index.php?title=Agnes_Monica&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula">sunting</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</span></h2><ul><li><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Daftar_penyanyi_wanita_Indonesia" title="Daftar penyanyi wanita Indonesia">Daftar penyanyi wanita Indonesia</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.blogger.com/wiki/Daftar_99_wanita_paling_berpengaruh_di_Indonesia_(2007)" title="Daftar 99 wanita paling berpengaruh di Indonesia (2007)">Daftar 99 wanita paling berpengaruh di Indonesia (2007)</a></li>
</ul></div></div></div>Intan Andhikahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04468021386331397875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7306587035043214014.post-52504975067610883042011-11-09T18:53:00.000-08:002011-11-09T18:53:18.737-08:00JANJINYA<link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5Cuser%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><o:smarttagtype name="place" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype name="country-region" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype name="City" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"></o:smarttagtype><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5Cuser%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5Cuser%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Bonita
dan Reza adalah sahabat yang selalu bersama. Mereka bersahabat sejak berumur 4
tahun dan, sekarang usia mereka 15 tahun.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Diminggu sore yang sangat indah, Reza
sedang bersepda menuju rumah Bonita. Reza berniat untuk mengajak bonita bermain
di danau yang tidak jauh dari rumahnya. Saat itu Bonita sedang duduk santai di
teras depan rumahnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“Hai…
Bonita, udah sore gini ko kamu masih males-malesan sih !” sapa Reza pada
Bonita, sembil meletakan sepedanya di depan rumah Bonita<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"><span> </span>“He..he...he.. habisnya dari pada
nggak ada kerjaan sih!” jawab singkat Bonita sambil tersenyum.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"><span> </span>“Eh, dari pada kamu cuma duduk-duduk
di rumah, mendingan kita pergi ke danau aja yuk !” ajak Reza pada Bonita<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“ Ayo… tapi, nanti dulu aku mau ngambil HP
buat nanti kita foto-foto di danau” jawab Bonita penuh semangat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“Eh.. tapi kita mau naik apa?” Tanya
Bonita.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“Ya.. kita naik sepeda sendiri-sendiri lah
!” jawab singkat Reza.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“Halah… aku males ah, kalo naik sepeda
sendiri-sebdiri ! aku bonceng kamu aja ya..!” pinta Bonita <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“Hu.. kamu maunya enaknya aja.!” Seru Reza<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“Kalo nggak mau ya udah aku nggak mau ikut
!” jawab Bonita<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“Iya..iya.. aku tadi cuman bercanda ko !” jawab
Reza sambil tersenyum.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Sesampainya di danau Reza dan Bonita
langsung duduk di bangku yang tersedia di danau. Setelah mereka duduk, Bonita
langsung mengeluarkan hpnya untuk berfoto-foto.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“Eh katanya mau foto-foto?” tanya bonita
pada Reza.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“Oy... y udah sekarang aja.!” jawab Reza.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Saat Reza dan Bonita asyik berfoto-foto
mereka hampir saja lupa waktu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“Bonita waktu itu seperti angin yah..” ucap
Reza.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“Iya..ya nggak terasa ternyata udah hampir
magrib !” jawab Bonita dengan sedih.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“Ya udah kita pulang aja yuk..” ajak Reza
pada Bonita untuk bergegas pulang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“Hmmm.... padahal aku masih seneng di sini.
!” jawab Bonita murung.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“Tenang aja, aku pasti akan ngajak kamu
kesini lagi ko !” kata Reza.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“Sungguh.??” tanya Bonita tidak yakin.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“Iya Bonita.. aku akan selalu ada kalo kamu
butuhin aku dan aku nggak akan ngebiarin kamu sedih sendiri”. jawab Reza dan
mengucapkan janji pada Bonita.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“Iya udah, aku nggak akan nglupain janji
kamu itu”. kata Bonita sambil tersenyum.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"><span> </span>Namun saat mereka hendak beranjak pulang dari
danau Reza berfikir, “gimana kalo ini kenangan terakhir aku sama kamu?”. Ucap
reza sedih dalam hati kecilnya, sambil memandangi Bonita dengan tersenyum.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"><span> </span>Reza
tidak berani jujur pada Bonita bahwa besok pagi-pagi ia harus, pergi meninggal
Bonita ke <st1:country-region w:st="on">Australia</st1:country-region> karena
ayahnya dimutasi dan, Reza tidak tau kapan bisa pulang ke <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region w:st="on">Indonesia</st1:country-region></st1:place>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Keesokan harinya saat Bonita masuk di kelasnya,
dalam hati Bonita bertanya-tanya dengan perasaan cemas “Reza kemana sih ko
tumben banget dia nggak berangkat sekolah tapi nggak bilang aku dulu?”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Saat bel pulang sekolah berbunyi, Bonita
berniat pergi menuju rumah Reza untuk melihat keadaan Reza. Setelah mengganti
baju sekolahnya Bonita langsung pergi ke rumah Reza dengan perasaan yang cemas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Ketika Bonita melangkahkan kakinya didepan
rumah Reza, ternyata rumah reza sudah kosong dan tidak ada satupun orang
dirumahnya. Hati Bonita semakin cemas dan bertanya-tanya “Sebenernya Reza
kenapa sih di sms gak di bales<span> </span>terus di
telfon nggak diangakat”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Saat Bonita sedang berdiri di depan rumah
reza ada tetangga Reza yang bernama bu Tinu menghampiri Bonita<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“Kamu sedang mencari siapa nak?” tanya bu
Tinu pada Bonita<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“Saya sedang mencari Reza bu, kira-kira ibu
tau tidak Reza kemana?” jawab Bonita dengan gugup.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“Ya ibu tau, tadi pagi-pagi sekali
keluarganya Reza pergi ke <st1:country-region w:st="on">Australia</st1:country-region>
karena ayah Reza di mutasi kesana dan, tadi nak Reza menitipkan <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">surat</st1:place></st1:city> ini ke ibu untuk
disampaikan ke nak Bonita.” jawab bu Tinu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“Apah............. Reza dan keluarganya
pergi ke <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region w:st="on">Australia</st1:country-region></st1:place>?”
tanya Bonita tidak percaya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“Iya nak, ini suratnya” jawab bu Tinu
sambil memberikan suratnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“Y sudah bu, trimakasih dan maaf saya sudah
merpotkan ibu” ucap Bonita pada bu Tinu dengan perasaan sedih karena Bonita
merasa sudah di Bohongi oleh Reza.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“Iya sama-sama nak” jawab bu tinu dengan
tersenyum.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Sesampainya di rumah Bonita langsung pergi
ke kamarnya dan menangis<span> </span>“Kenapa kamu
ngasih janji palsu ke aku sih” ucap Bonita sambil memukul-mukul bantalnya
dengan perasaan marah dan sedih.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Setelah merasa lebih tenang Bonita membaca <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">surat</st1:city></st1:place> yang diberikan Reza
untuknya yang dititipkan melalui bu Tinu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Dalam <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">surat</st1:city></st1:place>
itu Reza mengatakan bahwa dia benar-benar menyesal karena ia harus pergi
meninggalkan Bonita tanpa memberitahukan sebelumnya dan ia menyesal karena
tidak bisa menepati janjinya yang diucapkan di danau. Bonita masih merasa marah
dan tidak terima pada perlakuan sahabatnya yang membohonginya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Lima</span></st1:city></st1:place><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"> tahun kemudian.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Bonita sekarang sudah duduk di bangku
universitas tertinggi yang berada di <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Semarang</st1:city></st1:place>.
Walaupun ia sudah <st1:city w:st="on">lima</st1:city> tahun tidak bertemu Reza
namun ia masih menyimpan rasa marahnya pada Reza dan Bonita belum bisa melupkan
kejadian <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">lima</st1:city></st1:place>
tahun yang lalu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Sepulang dari kuliahnya ia pulang sengaja
ia tidak pulang langsung ke rumah namun ia mampir terlebih dahulu ke sebuah
toko buku yang berada tidak jauh dengan kampusnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Saat berada di toko ia sedang mencari buku
kesukaannya. Sepulangnya dari toko buku tersebut ia bertabrakan dengan seorang
laki-laki yang ia tidak kenal awalnya, karena laki-laki tersebut menggunakan
topi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“Maaf-maaf saya tadi tidak konsentrasi saat
berjalan”ucap Bonita pada laki-laki itu dengan perasaan takut dan deg-degan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“Iya nggak apa-apa ko Bon..” ucap pria itu
dengan nada pelan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“Loh ko anda tau nama saya?” jawab bonita
terheran-heran.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Saat itupun pria itu membuka topinya dan,
dan ternyata pria itu adalah Reza sahabat Bonita dari kecil yang <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">lima</st1:city></st1:place> tahun lalu
menggalkannya tanpa berpamitan terlebih dahulu padanya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“Hah…. Reza?” ucap Bonita dengan raut muka
Bingung dan marah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“Iya Bon.. ini aku Reza, aku mau minta maaf
soal kejadian <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">lima</st1:place></st1:city>
tahun yang lalu”. Ucap Reza pada bonita dengan persaan sangat bersalah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“Buat apa kamu minta maaf sama aku sekarang?”
jawab bonita sambil meneteskan air mata.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“Iya… aku tau, aku udah salah sama kamu
plis… jadi aku mita maaf”. Kata reza sambil memegang pundak Bonita.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“Nggak usah pegang-pegang. Aku tuh ngga
trima banget waktu ngucapin janji dan kamu ingkari sendiri.” Jawab bonita
sambil menangis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“Iya aku minta maaf.” Ucap Reza dengan rasa
bersalahnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“Hmmm… y udah aku maafin kamu, toh aku
nggak ada untungnya marahan sama kamu. Tapi ada syaratnya !” ucap Bonita pada
Reza<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“Apa syaratnya?” Tanya Reza dengan tersenyum.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“Kamu nggak boleh ngingkari janji kamu ke
aku, kamu nggak boleh pergi tanpa bilang ke aku dan buat aku cemas kaya
peristiwa <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">lima</st1:city></st1:place>
tahun lalu !” Jawab Bonita dengan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“Iya.. aku nggak akan ngingkari janji aku
ke kamu, sekarang aku udah pindah ke <st1:country-region w:st="on">Indonesia</st1:country-region>
dan nggak akan kembali ke <st1:country-region w:st="on">Australia</st1:country-region>
karena ayahku sudah dimutasi lagi ke <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region w:st="on">Indonesia</st1:country-region></st1:place>”. Ucap Reza meyakinkan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Bonita dengan raut muka bahagia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“Sungguh?” Tanya Bonita tidak yakin karena
takut di bohongi untuk kedua kalinya..<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">“Iya Bonita… kali ini aku nggak akan
ngingkari janji kaya dulu lagi.” Jawab Reza meyakinkan lagi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Akhirnya merekapun bermaafan dan saling
berpelukan karena mereka sudah <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">lima</st1:city></st1:place>
tahun mereka tidak bertemu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Mereka kembali mejadi sahabat yang sangat
dekat. Dan Reza tidak lagi mengingkari janjinya pada Bonita. Kini Reza selalu
ada jika Bonita butuh dan Reza tidak pernah membiarkan Bonita sedih sendiri
seperti, janjinya <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">lima</st1:city></st1:place>
tahun yang lalu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>Intan Andhikahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04468021386331397875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7306587035043214014.post-22203261078023587272011-11-01T00:21:00.000-07:002011-11-01T00:21:14.788-07:00Doa untuk ibu (ungu)<div class="chord" style="margin-top: 10px;">
[int] <a class="showTip G" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">G</a> <a class="showTip B" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">B</a> <a class="showTip G" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">G</a> <a class="showTip F#m" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">F#m</a> <a class="showTip D" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">D</a>
<br /> <a class="showTip G" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">G</a> <a class="showTip A" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">A</a> <a class="showTip D" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">D</a>
<br />
<br /><a class="showTip G" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">G</a> <a class="showTip A" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">A</a> <a class="showTip D" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">D</a>
<br />kau memberikanku hidup
<br /><a class="showTip D" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">D</a> <a class="showTip G" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">G</a>
<br />kau memberikanku kasih sayang
<br /> <a class="showTip Em" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">Em</a> <a class="showTip A" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">A</a>
<br />tulusnya cintamu, putihnya kasihmu
<br /> <a class="showTip D" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">D</a>
<br />takkan pernah terbalaskan
<br /> <a class="showTip G" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">G</a> <a class="showTip D" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">D</a>
<br />hangat dalam dekapanmu
<br /> <a class="showTip Dm" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">Dm</a> <a class="showTip G" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">G</a>
<br />memberikan aku kedamaian
<br /> <a class="showTip Em" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">Em</a> <a class="showTip A" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">A</a>
<br />eratnya pelukmu, nikmatnya belaimu
<br /> <a class="showTip D" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">D</a>
<br />takkan pernah terlupakan
<br />
<br />[chosur]
<br /> <a class="showTip G" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">G</a> <a class="showTip A" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">A</a>
<br />oh ibu terima kasih
<br /><a class="showTip G" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">G</a> <a class="showTip F#m" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">F#m</a> B#m
<br />untuk kasih sayang yang tak pernah usai
<br /><a class="showTip A" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">A</a> <a class="showTip Em" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">Em</a> <a class="showTip A" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">A</a>
<br />tulus cintamu takkan mampu
<br /> <a class="showTip D" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">D</a>
<br />untuk terbalaskan
<br />
<br /> <a class="showTip G" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">G</a> <a class="showTip A" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">A</a>
<br />oh ibu semoga tuhan
<br /> <a class="showTip F#m" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">F#m</a> <a class="showTip F#" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">F#</a> <a class="showTip Bm" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">Bm</a>
<br />memberikan kedamaian dalam hidupmu
<br /> <a class="showTip D" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">D</a> <a class="showTip Em" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">Em</a> <a class="showTip A" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">A</a>
<br />putih kasihmu kan abadi
<br /> <a class="showTip G" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">G</a>
<br />dalam hidupku ......
<br />
<br />[solo] <a class="showTip G" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">G</a> <a class="showTip A" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">A</a> <a class="showTip D" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">D</a> <a class="showTip Bm" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">Bm</a> <a class="showTip A" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">A</a> <a class="showTip Em" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">Em</a> <a class="showTip A" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">A</a>
<br /> <a class="showTip Gm" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">Gm</a> <a class="showTip D" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">D</a>
<br />
<br />[chorus]
<br /> <a class="showTip G" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">G</a> <a class="showTip A" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">A</a>
<br />oh ibu terima kasih
<br /> <a class="showTip F#m" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">F#m</a> B#m
<br />untuk kasih sayang yang tak pernah usai
<br /><a class="showTip D" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">D</a> <a class="showTip Em" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">Em</a> <a class="showTip A" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">A</a>
<br /> tulus cintamu takkan mampu
<br /> <a class="showTip D" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">D</a>
<br />untuk terbalaskan
<br />
<br /> <a class="showTip G" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">G</a> <a class="showTip A" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">A</a>
<br />oh ibu semoga tuhan
<br /> <a class="showTip F#m" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">F#m</a> <a class="showTip F#" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">F#</a> <a class="showTip Bm" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">Bm</a>
<br />memberikan kedamaian dalam hidupmu
<br /> <a class="showTip D" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">D</a> <a class="showTip Em" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">Em</a> <a class="showTip A" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">A</a>
<br />putih kasihmu takkan mampu
<br /> <a class="showTip D" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">D</a>
<br />untuk terbalaskan
<br />
<br />
<br /><a class="showTip G" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">G</a> <a class="showTip F#m" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">F#m</a> <a class="showTip F#" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">F#</a> <a class="showTip Bm" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">Bm</a> <a class="showTip D" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">D</a> <a class="showTip Em" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">Em</a> <a class="showTip A" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">A</a>
<br />ooOOOOOOohh putih kasihmu kan abadi
<br /> <a class="showTip D" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">D</a>
<br />dalam hidupku
<br />
<br />[outro] <a class="showTip G" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">G</a> <a class="showTip C#m" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">C#m</a> <a class="showTip F#m" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">F#m</a> <a class="showTip D" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">D</a> <a class="showTip F#m" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">F#m</a> <a class="showTip Bm" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">Bm</a> <a class="showTip A" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">A</a>
<br /> <a class="showTip Em" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">Em</a> <a class="showTip A" href="http://www.chordfrenzy.com/chord/6839/#">A</a> D </div>Intan Andhikahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04468021386331397875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7306587035043214014.post-75808533059754758572011-10-31T06:40:00.000-07:002011-10-31T06:40:20.453-07:00Remaja<b><u><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Perkembangan Masa Remaja (Adolescence)<o:p></o:p></span></u></b> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">Masa Remaja menunjukan masa transisi dari masa kanak-kanak kemasa dewasa. Suatau tahap transisi menuju ke status orang dewasa mempunyai beberapa keuntungan. Tahap transisi memberi remaja itu suatu masa yang lebih panjangt untuk mengembangkan berbagai keterampilan serta untuk mempersiapkan masa depan, tetapi masa itu cendrung menimbulkan masa pertentangan (konflikkebimbangan antara ketergantungan dan kemandirian<a href="http://athiranisrina-manizz.blogspot.com/2008/03/psikologi-perkembanagn-remaja.html#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">1</span></a>. Awal masa remaja berlangsung kira-kira dari umur tiga belas sampai enam belas tahun atau tujuh belas tahun, dan akhir masa remaja bermula dari usia enam belas atau tujuh belas sampai usia delapan belas tahun, yaitu usia matang secara hukum. Awal usia rremaja biasanya disebut sebagai usia belasan. Meskipun remaja yang lebih tua sebenarnya masih tergolong anak belasan tahun sampai ia mencapai usia dua puluh satu tahun , namun stilah usia belasan tahun yang secara popular dihubungkan dengan pola perilaku khas remaja tersebut. Biasanya disebut pemuda pemudi atau disebut kawula muda, yang menunjukan bahwa masyarakat belum melihat adanya perilaku yang matang selama awal masa remaja<a href="http://athiranisrina-manizz.blogspot.com/2008/03/psikologi-perkembanagn-remaja.html#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">2</span></a>. </div><h1 style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><b><o:p><span style="text-decoration: none;"> </span></o:p></b></h1><h1 style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><b>Ciri-ciri Masa Remaja<o:p></o:p></b></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">Masa Remaja mempunyai cirri-Ciri tertentu yang membedakan dengan periode seebelum dan sesudahnya. Ciri-ciri tersebut anatara lain, yaitu: </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">1.<span> </span>Masa Remaja sebagai Periode yang Penting</div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -25.5pt;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>Periode Penting untuk masa remaja karena akibat perubahan fisika dan juga karena psikologinya. Tanner<span> </span>mengatakan, bagi sebagian besar anak muda, usia antara dua belas dan enam belas tahun merupakan tahun kehidupan yang penuh kejadian sepanjang menyangkut pertumbuhan dan perkembangan. Tak dapat disangkal, selama kehidupan janin dan tahun pertama atau kedua setelah kelahiran, perkembanagn berlangsung semakin cepat, dan lingkungan yang baik semakin lebih menentukan, tetapi yang bersangkutan sendiri bukanlah remaja yang menmperhatikan perkembangan atau kurangnya berkembang dengan kagum, senang atau takut. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -63pt;">2.<span> </span>Masa Remaja sebagai Periode Peralihan</div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span> </span>Artinya apa yangn terjadi akan menimbulkan bekas pada apa yang terjadi sekarang dan yang akan dating. Perubahan fisik yang terjadi selama tahun awal masa remaja mempengaruhi tingkat perilaku individu dan mengakibatkan diadakannya penilaian kembali penyesuaian nilai yang telah tergeser.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -63pt;">3<span> </span>Masa Remaja sebagai Masa Perubahan </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -63pt;"><span> </span>Tingkat perubahan dalam sikap dan prulaku selama masa remaja sejajr dengan tingkat perubahan fiiknya. Ada empat perubahan yang sama dan bersifat universal, yaitu: </div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2"><span> </span>a. Meningginya emosi, yang intensitasnya bergantung pada tingkat perubahan fisik dan psikologi yang terjadi.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span> </span>b. Perubahan tubuh, minat dan peran yang diharapkan oleh kelompok sosial dan menimbulkan masalah baru.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span> </span>c. Dengan berubahnya minat dan pola perilaku, maka nila-nilai juga berubah.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span> </span>d. Sebagian remaja bersikap ambivalen terhap setiap perubahan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -63pt;">4.<span> </span>Masa Remaj sebagai Usia Bermasalah </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -63pt;"><span> </span>Setiap periode mempunyai masalah yang sulit diatasinya baik laki-laki maupun perempuan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -63pt;">5.<span> </span>Masa Remaja sebagai Masa Mencari Identitas</div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>Pada tahun awal masa remaja, penyesuaian diri dengan kelompok masih tetap pentin bagi anak laki-laki dan perempuan. Lambat laun mereka akan mendambakan identitas diri dan tidak puas lagi menjadi sama dengan temanya. Dalam segala hal seperti sebelumnya. Salah satu cara untuk mencoba mengangkat diri sendiri sebagai individu, adalah dengan menggunakan symbol stataus dalam bentuk mobil, pakaian, dan pemilikan barang-barang lain yang mudah terlihat.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -63pt;">6.<span> </span>Masa Remaja sebagai Usia yang Menimbulkan Ketakutan</div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3"><span> </span><span> </span>Anggapan stereotip budaya bahwa remaja adalah anak-anak yang tidak rapih yang tidak dapat dipercaya dan cenderung merusakdan berperilaku merusak, menyebabakan orang dewasa yang harus membimbing<span> </span>dan mengawasi kehidupan remaja muda takut bertanggung jawab dan bersikap tidak simpatikterhadap perilaku remaja yang normal.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -63pt;">7.<span> </span>Masa Remaja sebagai Masa yang tidak Realistik </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -63pt;"><span> </span>Cita-cita yang tidak Realistik, tidak hanya bagi dirinya sendiri tetapi juga agi keluarga dan teman-temannya, menyebabkan meningginya emosiyang merpakan cirri dari awal masa remaja.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -63pt;">8.<span> </span>Masa Reamaja sebagai Masa Dewasa</div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3"><span> </span>Denagan semakin mendekatnya usia kematangan, mak remaja mulai memusatykan dri pada perilaku yang dihubungkan dengan status dewas, yaitu merokok, minum-minuman keras, menggunakan obat-<span> </span>obatan , dan terlibat dalam perbuatan seks.</div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><o:p><span style="text-decoration: none;"> </span></o:p></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">Tugas Perkembangan Pada Masa Remaja </h2><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">Tugas Perkembangan masa remaja menuntut perubahan besar dalam sikap dan pola perilaku anak. Akibatnya, hanya sedikit baik anak laki-laki maupun perempuan<span> </span>yang dapat diharapkan untuk menguasai tugas-tugas tersebut selama awal masa remaja.<span> </span>Penelitian singkat mengenai ttugas-tugas perkembanagan masa remaja yang penting akan mengambarkan seberapa jauh perubahan yang harus dilakukan dan masalah yang timbul dari perubahan itu sendiri. Sekolah dan pendidikan tinggi menekankan mengenai perkembngan dan keterampilan intelektual dan konsep yang penting bagi kecakapan social. Erat hubungannya denagn masalah pengembangan-pengembangan nilai yang selaras dengan dunia nilai orang dewasa yang<span> </span>akan dimasuki, adalah tugas untyuk mengembangkan perilaku social yang bertanggung jawab. Kecendrungan kawin muda menyebabakan persiapaan perkawinan merupakan hal yang paling penting dalam tahun-tahun remaja.</div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><o:p><span style="text-decoration: none;"> </span></o:p></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">Perubahan Fisik Selama Masa Remaja</h2><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">a. Variasai dlm Perubahan Fisik</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;">Seperti pada semua usia, setuiap perubahan fisik juga terdapat perbedaan individu. Bagi anak laki-laikimemulai pertumbuhannya lebih lambat dari anak perempuan. Perbedaan individual juga<span> </span>dipengaruhi oleh usia kematangan. Anak yang matangnya terlambat cendrung mempunyai bahu yang lebih lebar dari pada anak yang matang lebih awal. Tungkai kaki anak yang matang lebih awal cendrung pend3ek dan gemuk, tungkai kaki anak yang matangnya terlamabat cenderung lebih ramping.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">b. Efek perubahan fisik</div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Remaja terdorong untuk mengunakan kekuatan yang diperoleh dan selanjutnya merupakan bantuan untyuk mengatasi setiap kecanggunagan yang timbul dikemudian hari.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">c. Keprihatinan akan perubahan fisik</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 12pt; text-align: justify;">Beberapa keprihatinan akan tubuh yang dihadapi remaja merupakan lanjutan dari berbagai keprihatinan diri yang dialami para remaja dan yang pada awal-awal tahun remaja dan yang pada awaltahun-tahaun remaja didasarkan pada kondisi-kondisi yang berlaku, misalnya: keprihatinana akan kenormalan, bentuk tubuh, haid pada wanita, jerawat, dan gemuk.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">d. Pola Emosi pada Masa Remaja </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span> </span>Remaja tidak lagi mengungkapkan kemarahannya dengan gerakan melainkan dengan menggerutu, tidak berbicara atau dengan sura keras mengeritik orang yang menyebabkan marah.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">e..Kematangan Emosi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span> </span>Akhir Masa Remaja tidak meledakkan Emosinya dihadapan orang lain melainkan menunggu saat dan tempat yang lebih tepat umtuk mengungkapkan emosinya dengan cara-cara yang lebih dapat diterima.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><o:p> </o:p></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">Perubahan Sosial</h2><div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%;">Salah satu tugas perkembangan masa remaja yang tersulit adalah yang berhubungan dengan penyesuaian<span> </span>sosial, hala ini disebabakan karena: </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">1. Kuatnya pengaruh teman sebaya.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">2. Perubahan dalam perilaku sosial.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">3. Pengelompokkan sosial baru.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">4. Nilai baru dalam memilih teman.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">5. Nilai baru dalam penerimaan sosial.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">6. Nilai baru dalam<span> </span>Memilih teman.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">7. Nilai baru dalam memilih pemimpin.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><o:p> </o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><b><u>Beberapa Minat Remaja<o:p></o:p></u></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">Semua remaja muda sedikit banyak memiliki minat-minat khusus tertentu yang terdiri dari beberapa kategori, yaitu diantaranya adalah:</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">a.<u><span> </span>Minat Rekreasi Remaja<o:p></o:p></u></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 9pt;"><span> </span>1.<span> </span>Minat Permainan dan Olahraga</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 9pt;"><span> </span>2.<span> </span>Minat Bersantai</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 9pt;"><span> </span>3.<span> </span>Minat Berpergjan </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 9pt;"><span> </span>4.<span> </span>Minat Hobi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 9pt;"><span> </span>5.<span> </span>Minat Dansa</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 9pt;"><span> </span>6. <span> </span>Minat Membaca</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 9pt;"><span> </span>7.<span> </span>Mianat Menonton</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 9pt;"><span> </span>8.<span> </span>Minat pada Radio dan Kaset</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 9pt;"><span> </span>9.<span> </span>Minat pada Televisi</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 9pt;"><span> </span>10.Minat untuk Melamun</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">b. <u>Minat-minat Sosial yang Umum Pada Remaja<o:p></o:p></u></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 9pt;"><span> </span>1.Pesta</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>2. Minuman-minuman Keras</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>3. Obat-obatan Terlarang</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>4. Percakapan </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>5. Menolong Orang lain</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>6. Peristiwa Dunia</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>7. Kritik dan Pembaruan </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><b><u><o:p><span style="text-decoration: none;"> </span></o:p></u></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><b><u>Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi sikap Remaja Terhadap Pendidikan<o:p></o:p></u></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">a. Sikap teman sebaya: berorientasi sekolah atau kerja.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">b. Sikap orang tua : Menganggap pendidikan sebagai batu loncatan kearah mobilitas sosial atau hanyasebagai suatau kewajiban karena diharuskan<span> </span>oleh hokum.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">c. Nilai-nilai yang menunjukkan keberhasilan atau kegagalan akademis.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">d. Relevansiatau nilai praktis dari berbagai<span> </span>mata pelajaran .</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">e. Sikap terhadap guru-guru, pegawai tata usaha dan kebijaksanaan akademis serta disiplin.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">f. Keberhasilan dalam berbagai kegiatan ekstra kulikuler</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">g. Derajat dukungan sosial diantara teman-teman sekelas.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><b><u><o:p><span style="text-decoration: none;"> </span></o:p></u></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><b><u>Sebab-sebab Umum Pertentangan Keluarga Selama Masa Remaja<o:p></o:p></u></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">a. Standar Perilaku</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">b Metoddee Disiplin</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">c. Hubunga dengan saudara kandung</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">d. Merasa menjadi korban </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">e. Sikap yang sangat kritis</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">f. Besarnya keluarg </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">g. Perilaku yang kurang matang</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">h. Memberontak terhadap sanak saudara </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">i. Masalah palang pintu</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><b><u>Konsep-konsep yang mempengaruhi konsep diri remaja <o:p></o:p></u></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><b><u><o:p><span style="text-decoration: none;"> </span></o:p></u></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">1. Usia kematangan </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">2. Penampilan diri</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">3. Kepatutan seks</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">4. Nama dan juliukan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">5. Hubungan keluarga </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">6. Teman-teman sebaya</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">7. Kreativitas</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">8. Cita-cita</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">Hambatan-hambatan umum untuk melakasanakan peralihan kematangan </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">1. Dasar yang buruk </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">2. Terlambat matang </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">3. Terlampau lama diperlakukan seperti anak-anak</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">4. Perubahan Peran </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">5. Ketergantungan yang terlampau lama<span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><b><u><o:p><span style="text-decoration: none;"> </span></o:p></u></b></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%;">Perkembangan Jiwa Beragama pada Remaja</h2><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span> </span>Ide-ide agama, dasar-dasar dan pokok-pokok agama pada umumnya diterimaseseorang pada masa kecil . Apa yang diterima sejak kecil akan berkembang dan tumbuh subur apabila remaja dalam menerima kepercayaan tersebut tidak mendapat kritikan Motivasi Beragama dapat diartikan sebagai usaha yang adadalam diri manusia untuk berbuat sesuatu tindak keagamaan dengan tujuan tertentu. Berbagai cara yang dilakukan remaja untuk mengekspresikan juwa keberagamaaannya,yaitu dengan cara percaya ikut-ikutan, Percaya dengan kesadaran Percaya tapi agak ragu-ragu, tidak percaya atau cenderung ateis</div>Intan Andhikahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04468021386331397875noreply@blogger.com2